The Political Economy of Exchange Rate Policies in Argentina

This paper identifies three periods in Argentine exchange rate policy, corresponding with different development strategies and political coalitions. The first, periodic adjustments to a pegged rate until the mid-1970s, accompanied an Import Substitution Industrialization approach and a redistribution of income from agrarian to industrial production during an era of strong labor union influence. A second period, from the mid-1970s, marked by accelerated devaluations, represented efforts by both military and civilian governments to meet the demands of their respective constituencies while maintaining capital flows from abroad; these efforts culminated in hyperinflation. A third period, beginning in the early 1990s, was notable for exchange rate stability, based on the Convertibility Plan, as a broad consensus emerged that the exchange rate should be used for containing inflation rather than engaging in redistribution among domestic interest groups. The authors conclude that additional innovations in Argentina`s monetary and exchange rate policies may eventually be necessary.

Documentación colonial de América y Filipinas transcrita para el proyecto redes en el marco de la red carta

Este artículo presenta un acercamiento al trabajo llevado a cabo por los distintos miembros de la red CHARTA en lo relativo a las transcripciones realizadas de documentación no europea, americana y filipina. Tras ofrecer los progresos y estado actual del proyecto, se ofrece una breve muestra de las posibilidades que para el estudio del léxico permite el corpus, a través del comentario de una serie de términos propios el archipiélago filipino.This paper explains the work of several members of the CHARTA network in editing archival documents in Spanish from America and Philippines. After a brief summary of the activities within the project, the paper offers some examples of the possibilities of the edited documents from Philippines for the knowledge of the Spanish in this area

Oceanographic conditions and diversity of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Gulf of California, México

Species richness is one of the best indicators of biodiversity. However, there are few investigations on concordance of diversity patterns and environmental settings for marine regions. The objectives of this study were to correlate species richness of shallow water (\u3c 200 m deep) sea stars with key oceanographic factors in the Gulf of California, México, and to predict species richness of Asteroidea using multiple regressions. In these analyses the Gulf was divided into nine sections of one degree in latitude (from 23 - 31° N), at each section we recorded: continental shelf area (at 100 and 200 m depth), temperature mean and range at three depth levels (0, 60 and 120 m), thermocline depth, surface nutrient concentrations (nitrates, phosphates and silicates), surface photosynthetic pigment concentration, and integrated productivity. Sea star species richness at each latitudinal section was estimated from literature data, new collections and museum records. Species were assigned to one of the following feeding guilds: predators of small mobile invertebrates (I), detritivores (D), predators of colonial organisms (C), generalist carnivores (G), and planktivores (P). There are 47 shallow water asteroid species in the Gulf of California (16 I, 15 D, eight C, six G, one P and one not assigned). Total species richness and guild species richness showed strong latitudinal attenuation patterns and were higher in the southernmost Gulf, an area characterized by a narrow shelf, high temperature, and low nutrient concentrations. Species diversity for each guild was correlated to a set of oceanographic parameters: temperature, nitrate concentration, and integrated productivity were linked to richness in must cases. We detected that nutrients and surface pigments always presented negative relationships with species richness, indicating that productive environments limit asteroid diversity in the study area. Finally, the postulated regression models to estimate species richness from oceanographic data were significant and highly precise. We conclude that species richness of Asteroidea in the Gulf of California is related to oceanographic conditions and can be estimated from regional oceanographic information

New records of fishes from Guadalupe Island, northwest Mexico

The icthyofauna from Guadalupe Island, Mexico, has been scarcely studied. This paper presents additions to the systematic checklist of fishes from that oceanic island, and is based on data obtained from museums, field records and international databases. A total of 22 new records are depicted for the locality (19 deep-water species and 3 shallow reef-dwelling fishes), including one addition to the Mexican fauna (Nansenia candida). These reports complement the previous list of 328 species for Guadalupe Island,which now reaches 350 species, distributed in 5 classes, 44 orders and 127 families

Opportunistic Infections in Patients with Temporal Arteritis Treated with Corticosteroids

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111238/1/j.1532-5415.1997.tb00949.x.pd

Propuesta de una guía de elaboración e inscripción de expediente técnico para productos farmacéuticos de uso veterinario

En la presente investigación se proponen lineamentos en la interpretación de la normativa vigente para la obtención de registros sanitarios de medicamento de uso veterinario, hoy en día no se cuenta con directrices detalladas emitidas por la entidad regulatoria, que detallen de manera puntual los documentos que conforma un expediente de registro veterinario y la documentación extra que se anexa al expediente, es por ello que nace la propuesta de elaborar una Guía para la inscripción de expedientes de productos veterinarios, dadas la actualización de del RTCA 65.05.51:18 “Medicamentos Veterinarios y Productos Afines. Requisitos de Registro Sanitario y Control”, es por ello que se realizó una investigación de campo que consistió en una serie de entrevistas en área de asuntos regulatorios de un laboratorio farmacéutico de productos veterinarios y otra en el área de cuarentena animal y registro veterinario del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, además cada requisito del RTCA 65.05.51:18 se desarrolló en una matriz de desarrollo hasta culminar en un ejemplo de expediente (Dossier) con ejemplos de la documentación requerida para el proceso, dicha investigación se realizó en el período comprendido de mayo de 2019 a mayo de 2020 y dados los resultados obtenidos en la investigación se concluyó sobre la importancia de reforzar los conocimientos de las leyes que regulan la fabricación y comercialización de medicamentos de uso veterinario en El Salvador desde el ámbito estudiantil, en general se recomienda, enfatizar la enseñanza sobre temas regulatorios desde la cátedra universitaria tanto en Control de Calidad de medicamentos como en Legislación farmacéutica, así como la constante actualización de los profesionales químicos farmacéuticos que se dedican a esta rama de la profesión

INDICADORES DE DEPRESIÓN Y FACTORES DE APOYO SOCIAL PERCIBIDO EN UNIVERSITARIOS

Abstract: The graduation process in universities involves the realization of social professional attention that implies that the student is exposed to adverse factors, which can affect the mental health and lead to the emergence of depression; one way in which the occurrence of such a disorder can be decreased is through the perception of social support. The objective was to know if perceived social support predicts indicators of depression. A non-experimental, cross-sectional quantitative approach with predictive correlational scope was used. The sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience, obtaining 421 students from the Public University of Guatemala, with the linear regression analysis method the following equation was obtained: depression indicators = 17,794 (intercept) - 0.292 (perceived social support from third parties) - 0.440 (perceived social support from relatives), obtaining a significant model F (2, 491) = 57.70, p = < .001. It can be concluded that the appearance of indicators of depression is related to the detriment in social support factors; however, the role of social support in depression should continue to be studied, given the new scenarios that have arisen in the face of distance and hybrid modalities.Resumen: El proceso de graduación en las universidades conlleva la realización de un servicio social de atención profesional que implica que el estudiante esté expuesto a factores adversos, pudiendo afectar la salud mental y propiciar la aparición de depresión; una forma en la que se puede disminuir la aparición de tal trastorno es por medio de la percepción del apoyo social. El objetivo fue conocer si el apoyo social percibido predice indicadores de depresión. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental, transversal con alcance correlacional predictivo. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, obteniendo 421 estudiantes de la Universidad Pública de Guatemala, con el método de análisis de regresión lineal se obtuvo la siguiente ecuación: indicadores de depresión = 17.794 (intercepto) - 0.292 (apoyo social percibido de terceros) - 0.440 (apoyo social percibido de familiares), obteniendo un modelo significativo F (2, 491) = 57.70, p = < .001. Se puede concluir que la aparición de indicadores de depresión está relacionada al detrimento en los factores de apoyo social; sin embargo, se debe continuar estudiando el papel del apoyo social en la depresión, ante los nuevos panoramas que se han presentado ante las modalidades a distancia e híbridas