DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF XIPAMIDE IN PURE AND DOSAGE FORMS

Objective: A simple, selective, precise and stability-indicating RP-HPLC-method was developed and validated for the determination of xipamide (XIP).Methods: Stability tests were done through exposure of the analyte solution to thermal, photolytic, hydrolytic and oxidative stress conditions. The chromatographic separation was carried out in less than five min on a RP stainless-steel C-18 analytical column (150 mm ×4.6 mm ID, 5 µm) with an isocratic elution system of 0.023 M orthophosphoric acid of pH 2.6 and acetonitrile as the mobile phase in the ratio of 60: 40 at 1.5 ml/min flow rate at room temperature. A diode array UV was used at 220 nm for detection.Results: The degradation products were well separated from the pure drug. The elution time of XIP was found to be 4.561±0.024 min. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and robustness. Good linearity was found in the concentration range of 1–100 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. Intraday and interday precision were within 1.4%. LOD and LOQ were 0.088 μg/ml and 0.267 μg/ml, respectively and percentage recovery of XIP was found to be 99.92±1.02 %. Conclusion: The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of XIP in pure form and in its pharmaceutical preparation without interference from its degradation products.Keywords: Xipamide, Stability indicating RP-HPLC, Stress degradation, Pure form, Dosage form

Treatment results and prognostic factors of pediatric neuroblastoma: a retrospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We conducted a retrospective analysis to investigate treatment results and prognostic factors of pediatric neuroblastoma patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This retrospective study was carried out analyzing the medical records of patients with the pathological diagnosis of neuroblastoma seen at South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University during the period from January 2001 and January 2010. After induction chemotherapy, response according to international neuoblastoma response criteria was assessed. Radiotherapy to patients with residual primary tumor was applied. Overall and event free survival (OAS and EFS) rates were estimated using Graphed prism program. The Log-rank test was used to examine differences in OAS and EFS rates. Cox-regression multivariate analysis was done to determine the independent prognostic factors affecting survival rates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifty three cases were analyzed. The median follow-up duration was 32 months and ranged from 2 to 84 months. The 3-year OAS and EFS rates were 39.4% and 29.3% respectively. Poor prognostic factors included age >1 year of age, N-MYC amplification, and high risk group. The majority of patients (68%) presented in high risk group, where treatment outcome was poor, as only 21% of patients survived for 3 year.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Multivariate analysis confirmed only the association between survival and risk group. However, in univariate analysis, local radiation therapy resulted in significant survival improvement. Therefore, radiotherapy should be given to patients with residual tumor evident after induction chemotherapy and surgery. Future attempts to improve OAS in high risk group patients with aggressive chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation should be considered.</p

Trends and Decomposition Growth Analysis of the Most Important Cereal Crops in Egypt

This research aims to analyze the growth performance of the most important cereal crops of Egypt agriculture (wheat, rice, and maize) and the sources of the production growth of these crops during the period 1975-2017. This analysis is to implement appropriate policies that would enhance the production increase of these crops using component analysis. Based on the results of the Chow Breakpoint test, the study was divided into three periods: 1975-1986, 1987-2000 and 2001-2017, in addition to the full period 1975-2017.The results showed that the growth of wheat, rice and maize production during the study periods depends on changes in yield more than changes in area. So, the study emphasizes that the vertical expansion has a greater impact than the horizontal expansion. This is reflecting the effect of scientific research and development (R&D) on increasing cereal crops in Egypt

Adrenomedullin in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease

Secreting vasoactive factors such asadrenomedullin (AM) has been intensivelyinvestigated due to its vascular protective propertiesand promising potential as a therapeutic target. Therelationship between adrenomedullin and type (2)diabetes needs to be elucidated as it is associatedwith significant elevation in plasma adrenomedullinlevels.The aim of this study was to evaluate therole of adrenomedullin in the development ofvasculopathy and its significance as a markerdenoting renal affection in type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: This study was conductedon 60 diabetic patients, 20 without nephropathy, 20with nephropathy &amp; 20 with diabetic nephropathy(DN) on haemodialysis as well as 20 age- and sex matchedhealthy controls. All were subjected to fullhistory, Echocardiography, lipid profile analysisand plasma adrenomedullin using ELISA method.Results: plasma AM concentration was elevated inall groups of diabetic patients and increment wasdependent on the severity of DN (P&lt;0.0001,P&lt;0.0001, P&lt;0.0001 respectively). There werepositive correlation between adrenomedullin andleft ventricular internal dimensions both in diastole&amp; systole (P&lt;0.001, P&lt;0.005) and negativecorrelation between AM and ejection fraction (EF)P&lt;0.0001. There was positive correlation betweenadrenomedullin and cholesterol, triglycerides andLDL (p&lt;0.002, p&lt;0.001and p&lt;0.003 respectively)and a negative correlation with HDL (P&lt;0.004).Conclusion: Adrenomedullin is supposed to play arole in the pathogenesis of diabeticmicrovasculopathy in renal patients. So it can beused to identify high-risk subjects and modulatingits action would have therapeutic potential in theprevention of diabetic nephropathy

The Ishraq Program for out-of-school girls: From pilot to scale-up

In response to the needs of adolescent girls in Egypt for improved schooling, health, and livelihood prospects, Ishraq (sunrise)—a multidimensional program for 12–15-year-old out-of-school girls—was launched in 2001 by the Population Council in collaboration with CEDPA, Save the Children, Caritas, and local nongovernmental organizations. The program combined traditional tested program elements (literacy, life skills, nutrition) with more innovative ones (sports, financial education). It focused on building a multilayered platform to support and institutionalize the program by educating and mobilizing communities around issues of importance to adolescent girls; forging partnerships between international NGOs, government institutions, and local NGOs; and building capacities of local facilitators and partners to implement the program. This report identifies ways to continue expanding Ishraq, for which community demand remains high, including a new generation of girls’ programs to support graduates in exercising their rights and becoming active members of the community; and notes many important lessons on recruitment strategy, program structure and implementation, capacity-building, and partnerships

Impact of Total Salpingectomy Versus Tubal Conservation During Abdominal Hysterectomy on Ovarian Function

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most common surgeries in women worldwide. It is applied for the treatment of various problems, such as pelvic pain, menstrual problems, tumors, and other related diseases. Objective: The aim of this work was to preservation of ovarian function as long as possible to decrease manifestation of menopause in hysterectomized patients. Patients and Methods: The study was case control study included 58 patients attendant in outpatient clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Zagazig University Hospital, and Banha Teaching Hospital during the period from April 2017 to October 2018. All patients were scheduled to total abdominal hysterectomy without oophorectomy due to benign uterine disease. Patients was classified into two groups randomly: Group 1: included odd number of patients 29 was subjected to total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral complete excision of the tubes. Group II: included an even numbers of patients (n =29) for whom the classical approach of hysterectomy was performed. Results: There was no significant difference between groups regarding Operation, time Hospital stay and Bleeding. Also regarding number of antral follicle post operatively. While these are significant differences between Ovary size distributions between studied groups at different times. Conclusions: It could be concluded that salpingostomy with abdominal hysterectomy is a safe and convenient treatment that does not have a deleterious effect on ovarian reserve

EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ON HEAD NURSES, PERFORMANCE OF CONTROL AND SAFEGUARD REGARDING RESOURCES AT EL-MENSHAWY GENERAL HOSPITAL

Abstract Resources control is to know how to act in a responsible and recognized way to add economic value to the hospital units. it includes nursing practices that reducing the utilization of non-beneficial care and use of medical resources appropriately, without compromising the quality of the nursing care provided to the patient. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of management program on head nurses, performance of control and safeguard regarding resources at El-Menshawy General Hospital. Method: Design: Quasi experimental research Setting: Study was conducted at El-Menshawy General hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health and Population. It divided into three main big buildings A, B, and C which include twenty inpatient and outpatient units. Subjects: All (N=60) head nurses working in inpatient units, divided into head nurses (40) and in-charge nurses (20). Data collection tools: Tool (I) head nurses’ knowledge about control and safeguard regarding resources questionnaire. Tool (II) head nurses, performance of control and safeguard regarding resources observational checklist. Results; Preprogram more than half of head nurses had low level of knowledge regarding control and safeguard resources, changed to be none had low but all had high level of knowledge post program. Beside preprogram seventy percent of head nurses at morning shift, but all of them at afternoon and evening shift had unsatisfactory level of performance regarding control and safeguard resources, changed post program to be all head nurses at morning shift, most and majority of them at afternoon and evening showed satisfactory performance levels. There was a strong and highly statistically significant positive correlation between total head nurses’ high knowledge and satisfactory performance level post program than pre. Conclusion; The designed and implemented management program significantly improve head nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding control and safeguard resources. Recommendation; Maintain periodical in-service training program to improve nursing staff’ knowledge and practice regarding control and safeguard resources

Effects of short term feeding of some marine microalgae on the microbial profile associated with Dicentrarchus labrax post larvae

AbstractThis study investigates the microbial profile and antimicrobial activity of four marine microalgae species, Tetraselmis chuii, Nannochloropsis salina, Isochrysis galbana and Chlorella salina used in aquaculture of Dicentrarchus labrax in the post larval stage to estimate which was the best algal species that could be used as a green water technique and achieving the maximum rate of growth and survival of D. labrax post larvae. The results represented a significant increase in the length and width of D. labrax at p<0.05 recorded in the case of enrichment with I. galbana followed by N. salina, and the most weight was recorded in the case of N. salina as compared with the control. Significant increase in percentage of survival of D. labrax was recorded in the case of C. salina and T. chuii (70% and 60.1%, respectively) as compared with the control (22%). The antibacterial activity (AU) of the different microalgal ethanolic extracts against fish indicator pathogens was determined. The results indicated that the ethanolic extracts of C. salina and T. chuii have the most positive records against the fish indicator pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio damsela, Vibrio fluvialis and Aeromonas hydrophila). The current study was extended to determine the GC–MS of ethanolic extract of C. salina and T. chuii. The main constituents detected in the ethanolic extract were organic acids like hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, and an acyclic diterpene alcohol like phytol

The Effect Of Culture System On Embryonic Development and Aneuploidy Rate For Icsi Cases

Background: Patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF)cycles often suffer from recurrent implantation failure (RIF). To ensure live birth and embryonic viability, culture systems should be optimized in all ICSI and IVF cycles. The success of IVF can be affected by the culture systems employed for embryonic development. It has been argued that covering micro drops with oil in culture systems can prevent microbial infection, ensure suitable osmotic and pH conditions, and prevent the evaporation of the medium. Objectives: Comparing the embryonic development, euploidy rate ,and clinical outcome of using GPS Dishes covered with paraffine oil and SPL Dishes with mineral oil for patients with previous RIF. Patients and methods: the study was a prospective randomized controlled trial and the sample size consisted of 174 patients undergoing ICSI cycles at a private fertility center during the period between April 2017 and March 2020. Patients’ embryos were randomly assigned into one of the two of the aforementioned groups. Results: The two groups weren’t statistically significantly different in male age, female age, collected oocyte number, number of mature oocytes, and number of blastocysts undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD-A). For the preimplantation parameters of the embryos, fertilization, cleavage, and high-quality blastocyst rates were statistically significantly higher in the GPS Dishes with paraffin oil group than in the SPL Dishes covered with mineral oil group (77.5, 80.1, and 79.45%) (p = 0.012, and 0.001). Conclusion: we conclude that embryonic development can be enhanced by using GPS Dishes with paraffin oil overlying