Thermionic reactor power system: Effects of radiation on integration with Manned Space Station

The application of a thermionic reactor power system to the modular space station is described. The nominal net power is 40 kWe, with the power system designed to be applicable over the power range from 25 to 60 kWe. The power system is designed to be launched by the space shuttle. Radiation protection is provided by LiH neutron shielding and W gamma shielding in a shaped 4 pion configuration, i.e., the reactor is shielded on all sides but not to equal extent. Isodose contours are presented for the region around the modular space station. Levels and spectral distribution of radiation are given for later evaluation of effects on space station experiments. Parametric data on the effects of separation distance on power system mass are presented

Entry corridor definition and SM/RCS deorbit requirements for Apollo block 1 earth orbit missions. Project Apollo

Entry corridor definition and SM reaction control system for Apollo Block 1 earth orbit mission

Variations in the stratospheric ozone field inferred from Nimbus satellite observations

The ultraviolet earth radiance data from the Backscatter Ultraviolet Experiment on Nimbus 4 have been inverted to infer ozone profiles using a single Rayleigh scattering model. Two methods of solution give essentially the same results. Comparisons of these profiles with simultaneous rocket sounding data shows satisfactory agreement at low and middle latitudes. Vertical cross sections of ozone mixing ratio along the orbital tracks indicate that while the gross characteristics of the ozone field above 10 mb are under photochemical control, the influence of atmospheric motions can be found up to the 4 mb level

Towards improved psychological outcomes for survivors of burn injuries

Editoria

Another part of the risk communicatin model: Analysis of risk communication process and message content

The authors undertook a study to define the messages that exist in 2 communities of risk (e.g., high concentration of chemical facilities) using the principles of fantasy theme analysis and symbolic convergence theory. Through several methodological steps including a document review, interviews, focus groups, and a telephone survey (N = 450), the researchers determined the messages that dominate in the community, and were able to segment them into rhetorical visions based on master analogues. Analysis indicated that persons who adhere to different perspectives or opinions (measured as rhetorical visions) experience different amounts of uncertainty, control, and support or opposition for the industries that create the risks. This analysis adds depth to the risk communication literature and suggests that public relations practitioners can and should attempt to understand risk discourse content as well as the communication processes and risk perceptions held by key publics

5-Year survival of pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with living donor hamstring tendon grafts

Background: It is well accepted that there is a higher incidence of repeat anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in the pediatric population after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with autograft tissue compared with adults. Hamstring autograft harvest may contribute to the risk for repeat ACL injuries in this high functional demand group. A novel method is the use of a living donor hamstring tendon (LDHT) graft from a parent; however, there is currently limited research on the outcomes of this technique, particularly beyond the short term. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine the medium-term survival of the ACL graft and the contralateral ACL (CACL) after primary ACLR with the use of an LDHT graft from a parent in those aged less than 18 years and to identify factors associated with subsequent ACL injuries. It was hypothesized that ACLR with the use of an LDHT provides acceptable midterm outcomes in pediatric patients. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between 2005 and 2014, 247 (of 265 eligible) consecutive patients in a prospective database, having undergone primary ACLR with the use of an LDHT graft and aged less than 18 years, were included. Outcomes were assessed at a minimum of 2 years after surgery including data on ACL reinjuries, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, and current symptoms, as well as factors associated with the ACL reinjury risk were investigated. Results: Patients were reviewed at a mean of 4.5 years (range, 24-127 months [10.6 years]) after ACLR with an LDHT graft. Fifty-one patients (20.6%) sustained an ACL graft rupture, 28 patients (11.3%) sustained a CACL rupture, and 2 patients sustained both an ACL graft rupture and a CACL rupture (0.8%). Survival of the ACL graft was 89%, 82%, and 76% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Survival of the CACL was 99%, 94%, and 86% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Survival of the ACL graft was favorable in patients with Tanner stage 1-2 at the time of surgery versus those with Tanner stage 3-5 at 5 years (87% vs 69%, respectively; hazard ratio, 3.7; P = .01). The mean IKDC score was 91.7. A return to preinjury levels of activity was reported by 59.1%. Conclusion: After ACLR with an LDHT graft from a parent in those aged less than 18 years, a second ACL injury (ACL graft or CACL injury) occurred in 1 in 3 patients. The 5-year survival rate of the ACL graft was 76%, and the 5-year survival rate of the CACL was 86%. High IKDC scores and continued participation in sports were maintained over the medium term. Importantly, there was favorable survival of the ACL graft in patients with Tanner stage 1-2 compared with patients with Tanner stage 3-5 over 5 years. Patients with Tanner stage 1-2 also had a significantly lower incidence of second ACL injuries over 5 years compared with those with Tanner stage 3-5, occurring in 1 in 5 patients. Thus, an LDHT graft from a parent is an appropriate graft for physically immature children

Proceedings of the first International Conference on Veterinary Behavioural Medicine

Abstrac

Antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative infections in neonates: burden of disease and challenges in treatment.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the main challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the neonatal population with a special focus on multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens. RECENT FINDINGS: MDR-Gram-negative bacteria are a great concern in the neonatal population, with a worldwide rise in the reported incidence and with very limited therapeutic options. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been reported as responsible for neonatal ICU outbreaks. Hospital data from low/middle-income countries show high proportions of isolates from neonates resistant to the WHO first-line and second-line recommended treatments. The spread of CRE has resulted in old antibiotics, such as colistin and fosfomycin, to be considered as alternative treatment options, despite the paucity of available data on safety and appropriate dosage. SUMMARY: Improved global neonatal AMR surveillance programmes including both epidemiology and clinical outcomes are critical for defining the burden and designing interventions. The optimal empiric treatment for neonatal sepsis in settings of high rates of AMR is currently unknown. Both strategic trials of older antibiotics and regulatory trials of new antibiotics are required to improve clinical outcomes in MDR-Gram-negative neonatal sepsis

SLoMo: automated site localization of modifications from ETD/ECD mass spectra

Recently, software has become available to automate localization of phosphorylation sites from CID data and to assign associated confidence scores. We present an algorithm, SLoMo (Site Localization of Modifications), which extends this capability to ETD/ECD mass spectra. Furthermore, SLoMo caters for both high and low resolution data and allows for site-localization of any UniMod post-translational modification. SLoMo accepts input data from a variety of formats (e.g., Sequest, OMSSA). We validate SLoMo with high and low resolution ETD, ECD, and CID data