Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells is associated with ROS generation and activation of p38/JNK pathway

Purpose: To investigate the effect of 2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (DHPP) on lung cancer cells, and the associated mechanism.Methods: The effect of DHPP on cell proliferation was measured using sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. Apoptosis of cells was determined using Olympus IX71 inverted microscope connected to FITC and rhodamine filters.Results: DHPP significantly suppressed the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells at doses of 0.5-8.0 μM, but did not affect normal cells (MRC5 and BEAS-2B). In DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells, caspase-3 activity was markedly enhanced. At 24 h of treatment with 8.0 μM DUPP, apoptosis in A549 and H1299 cells was increased to 67.89 and 61.35 %, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of JNK-1/2 and p38 in DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells were markedly enhanced. The p-ERK-1/2 expressions in DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells were suppressed significantly at 24 h. In DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells, DCF-fluorescence was increased 10 folds and 8.5 folds, respectively. Pretreatment with FeTMPyP, an antioxidant, effectively alleviated DHPP-induced increase in expressions of p-p38 and p-JNK, and suppression of expression of p-ERK-1/2. In FeTMPyP-pre-treated cells, the DHPPinduced increase in caspase-3 activity was markedly reduced.Conclusion: DHPP selectively inhibits lung cancer cell growth via oxidative stress which subsequently causes cell apoptosis. Moreover, it activates caspase-3 protein and p38/JNK signaling, with simultaneous inactivation of ERK-1/2. Therefore, DHPP has a potential to be developed for the treatment of lung cancer. However; more studies are required to confirm these findings. Keywords: Lung cancer, Anti-oxidant, Apoptosis, Caspase-3, Chemotherap

Evaluation of n-Butane Gas Adsorption Performance of Composite Adsorbents Used for Carbon Canister

AbstractA novel adsorbent design technique was proposed to composite adsorbent used for carbon canister for improving the adsorption performance of n-butane gas. Two kinds of activated carbons were tested to produce composite adsorbents and evaluate the performance by measuring the adsorption isotherms of butane and pore structure characteristics. The volume-based amount of adsorption for the adsorbents prepared at sodium silicate solution concentration of 0.1wt% is 1.04 and 1.53 times that of the raw activated carbons (AC1 and AC2). The packing density of the composite adsorbent increased with the increase of sodium silicate solution concentration

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Study on using hydrogen and ammonia as fuels: Combustion characteristics and NOx formation

This paper evaluates the potential of hydrogen (H-2) and ammonia (NH3) as carbon-free fuels. The combustion characteristics and NOx formation in the combustion of H-2 and NH3 at different air-fuel equivalence ratios and initial H-2 concentrations in the fuel gas were experimentally studied. NH3 burning velocity improved because of increased amounts of H-2 atom in flame with the addition of H-2. NH3 burning velocity could be moderately improved and could be applied to the commercial gas engine together with H-2 as fuels. H-2 has an accelerant role in H-2-NH3-air combustion, whereas NH3 has a major effect on the maximum burning velocity of H-2-NH3-air. In addition, fuel-NOx has a dominant role and thermal-NOx has a negligible role in H-2-NH3-air combustion. Thermal-NOx decreases in H-2-NH3-air combustion compared with pure H-2-air combustion. NOx concentration reaches its maximum at stoichiometric combustion. Furthermore, H-2 is detected at an air-fuel equivalence ratio of 1.00 for the decomposition of NH3 in flame. Hence, the stoichiometric combustion of H-2 and NH3 should be carefully considered in the practical utilization of H-2 and NH3 as fuels. H-2 as fuel for improving burning performance with moderate burning velocity and NOx emission enables the utilization of H-2 and NH3 as promising fuels. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Broadband Athermal Waveguides And Resonators For Datacom And Telecom Applications

The high-temperature sensitivity of the silicon material index limits the applications of silicon-based micro-ring resonators in integrated photonics. To realize a low but broadband temperature-dependent-wavelength-shift microring resonator, designing a broadband athermal waveguide becomes a significant task. In this work, we propose a broadband athermal waveguide that shows a low effective thermo-optical coefficient of 1 × 10−6 ∕K from 1400 to 1700 nm. The proposed waveguide shows a low-loss performance and stable broadband athermal property when it is applied to ring resonators, and the bending loss of ring resonators with a radius of \u3e30 μm is 0.02 dB/cm

Loss Reduction Of Silicon-On-Insulator Waveguides For Deep Mid-Infrared Applications

We report that propagation loss of optical waveguides based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material platform can be greatly reduced. Our simulations show that the loss, including SiO2 absorption and substrate leakage, but no scattering loss, is 0.024 and 0.53 dB/cm in the deep mid-infrared at 4.8 and 7.1 μm wavelengths, where the material absorption in SiO2 is 100 and 1000 dB/cm, respectively. The loss becomes negligible, compared to scattering loss in Si waveguides. This is enabled by using the TE10 mode in a pedestal waveguide. We also show that the TE10 mode can be excited in the proposed waveguide by the fundamental mode with a coupling efficiency of \u3e94%. Low propagation loss, high coupling efficiency, and fabrication-friendly design would make it promising for practical use of SOI devices in the deep mid-infrared

Broadband Athermal Waveguides And Devices For Datacom And Telecom Applications

The high temperature sensitivity of silicon material limits the applications of silicon-based micro-ring resonators in integrated photonics. To realize a low but broadband temperature-dependence-wavelength-shift (TDWS) micro-ring resonator, designing a broadband athermal waveguide becomes a significant task. In this work, we propose a broadband athermal waveguide which shows a low effective thermos-optical coefficient (TOC) of ±1×10-6/K at 1400 nm to 1700 nm. The proposed waveguide shows low-loss performance of 0.01 dB/cm and stable broadband-athermal ability when it\u27s applied in micro-ring resonators, and the optical loss of micro-ring resonator with a radius of 100 μm using this waveguide is 0.02 dB/cm

Low-Loss Soi Waveguides At Mid-Ir Wavelengths (4800 Nm) Using The Second-Order Te Mode

A SOI pedestal waveguide can greatly reduce the material absorption induced loss at the Mid-IR wavelengths range. We propose using the second-order TE mode to reduce the propagation loss of the waveguide by \u3e7 times compared to the fundamental TE mode