Ferrocenes with a Persulfurated Cyclopentadienyl Ring: Synthesis, Structural Studies, and Optoelectronic Properties

Persulfurated arenes are a fascinating class of functional molecules with a wide range of potential applications. Ferrocenes are also a multifaceted class of aromatic compounds that can easily be finetuned for an enormous variety of desired properties. A combination of both substance classes might yield an even wider field of applications. Herein, we describe the synthesis of two ferrocenes with one persulfurated cyclopentadienyl ring [C5(SR)5], with R=Me or Ph, together with their crystal structures, optical, and electrochemical properties. Both crystal structures show significant intramolecular sulfur‐iron interactions as well as weak intermolecular sulfur– contacts. Cyclovoltammetry of the [C5(SPh)5] compound shows a high oxidation potential of 651 mV vs. FcH/FcH+

Measurement of the diffractive structure function in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

This paper presents an analysis of the inclusive properties of diffractive deep inelastic scattering events produced in $ep$ interactions at HERA. The events are characterised by a rapidity gap between the outgoing proton system and the remaining hadronic system. Inclusive distributions are presented and compared with Monte Carlo models for diffractive processes. The data are consistent with models where the pomeron structure function has a hard and a soft contribution. The diffractive structure function is measured as a function of \xpom, the momentum fraction lost by the proton, of $\beta$, the momentum fraction of the struck quark with respect to \xpom, and of $Q^2$. The \xpom dependence is consistent with the form \xpoma where $a~=~1.30~\pm~0.08~(stat)~^{+~0.08}_{-~0.14}~(sys)$ in all bins of $\beta$ and $Q^2$. In the measured $Q^2$ range, the diffractive structure function approximately scales with $Q^2$ at fixed $\beta$. In an Ingelman-Schlein type model, where commonly used pomeron flux factor normalisations are assumed, it is found that the quarks within the pomeron do not saturate the momentum sum rule.Comment: 36 pages, latex, 11 figures appended as uuencoded fil

Observation of hard scattering in photoproduction events with a large rapidity gap at HERA

Events with a large rapidity gap and total transverse energy greater than 5 GeV have been observed in quasi-real photoproduction at HERA with the ZEUS detector. The distribution of these events as a function of the $\gamma p$ centre of mass energy is consistent with diffractive scattering. For total transverse energies above 12 GeV, the hadronic final states show predominantly a two-jet structure with each jet having a transverse energy greater than 4 GeV. For the two-jet events, little energy flow is found outside the jets. This observation is consistent with the hard scattering of a quasi-real photon with a colourless object in the proton.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 4 figures appended as uuencoded fil

Observation of Events with an Energetic Forward Neutron in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA

In deep inelastic neutral current scattering of positrons and protons at the center of mass energy of 300 GeV, we observe, with the ZEUS detector, events with a high energy neutron produced at very small scattering angles with respect to the proton direction. The events constitute a fixed fraction of the deep inelastic, neutral current event sample independent of Bjorken x and Q2 in the range 3 · 10-4 \u3c xBJ \u3c 6 · 10-3 and 10 \u3c Q2 \u3c 100 GeV2

Ultraviolette Bestrahlungsdosen für die Inaktivierung von Coronaviren - Review und Analyse von Coronavirusinaktivierungsstudien

Background: To slow the increasing global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, appropriate disinfection techniques are required. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) has a well-known antiviral effect, but measurements on the radiation dose necessary to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 have not been published so far.Methods: Coronavirus inactivation experiments with ultraviolet light performed in the past were evaluated to determine the UV radiation dose required for a 90% virus reduction. This analysis is based on the fact that all coronaviruses have a similar structure and similar RNA strand length.Results: The available data reveals large variations, which are apparently not caused by the coronaviruses but by the experimental conditions selected. If these are excluded as far as possible, it appears that coronaviruses are very UV sensitive. The upper limit determined for the log-reduction dose (90% reduction) is approximately 10.6 mJ/cm2 (median), while the true value is probably only 3.7 mJ/cm2 (median).Conclusion: Since coronaviruses do not differ structurally to any great exent, the SARS-CoV-2 virus - as well as possible future mutations - will very likely be highly UV sensitive, so that common UV disinfection procedures will inactivate the new SARS-CoV-2 virus without any further modification.Hintergrund: Um die weltweite Ausbreitung des SARS-CoV-2 Virus zu verlangsamen, werden geeignete Desinfektionstechniken benötigt. Ultraviolette Strahlung (UV) hat bekanntlich eine antivirale Wirkung, aber Messungen zu benötigten Bestrahlungsdosen für die Inaktivierung von SARS-CoV-2 sind bisher nicht veröffentlicht worden.Material und Methoden: Coronavirusinaktivierungsexperimente, die in der Vergangenheit durchgeführt wurden, werden herangezogen, um die UV-Bestrahlungsdosis für eine 90%ige Virusreduktion zu ermitteln. Die durchgeführte Analyse nutzt dabei die Tatsache, dass alle Coronaviren eine ähnliche Struktur und eine vergleichbare RNA-Länge aufweisen.Ergebnisse: Die verfügbaren Daten weisen große Variationen auf, die durch unterschiedliche experimentelle Bedingungen zu erklären sind. Wenn extremere Versuchsbedingungen ausgeschlossen werden, zeigt sich, dass Coronaviren sehr UV-empfindlich sind. Der ermittelte obere Grenzwert für die log-Reduktionsdosis (90% Reduktion) beträgt ungefähr 10.6 mJ/cm2 (Median), während der wahre Wert vermutlich nur etwa 3.7 mJ/cm2 (Median) beträgt.Schlussfolgerung: Da sich Coronaviren in ihrer Struktur nicht stark unterscheiden, wird auch das neue SARS-CoV-2 Virus - und mögliche zukünftige Mutationen - sehr UV-empfindlich sein, vermutlich sogar so UV-empfindlich, dass etablierte UV-Desinfektionsverfahren das neue SARS-CoV-2 Virus ohne zusätzliche Modifikationen effizient inaktivieren können