Experimental study of chemotherapy related leukocytopenia treated by various peroal leucocyte increasing drugs

Background: Clinically, the patients with significant WBC decrease are mostly administered G-CSF, this kind of drugs is expensive and adverse reactions are often seen. In contrast, oral leucocyte increasing drug has small adverse reactions, can be used for longer time and can improve the continuity and stability of treatment. The experimental study based on study of mouse was to evaluate the effects of treatment and chemotherapy of related leukocytopenia by five kinds of commonly used peroal leucocyte increasing drugs.Materials and Methods: We prepared mice chemotherapy related leukocytopenia model by cyclophosphamide intraperitoneal injection, the positive control drug is G-CSF, respectively fill five kinds of peroal Leucocyte increasing drugs (Qijiao Shengbai Capsule, Weixuening Granule, Compound Zaofan Pill, Berbamine and Leucogen Tablets) in the stomach, the experimental group was divided into normal control group (group A), model group (group B), positive control group (Group rhG-CSF, group C) and treatment groups (group D-H), and treatment groups were divided into Qijiao Shengbai Capsule group (group D), Weixuening Granule group (group E), Compound Zaofan Pill group (group F), Berbamine Tablet group (group G) and Leucogen Tablet group (group H). Calculate the death rate, blood routine and important visceral organ index in each group..Results: The death rate of mice in each group has no significant difference (P>0.05). WBC of B, D, E and F groups was significantly lower than that of group A (P<0.05 or P<0.01). WBC of C, G and H groups was significantly higher than those of group B (P<0.01). WBC of D, E and F groups was significantly lower than that of group C (P<0.01). WBC of G and H groups was significantly higher than that of D and F groups (P<0.01), WBC of group H is significantly higher than that of group E (P<0.05). RBC of group F, G and H groups was significantly higher than that of group D (P<0.05 or P<0.01). HB of group H is significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.01). HB of C, G and H groups was significantly higher than that of group B (P average <0.01). HB of D, E and F groups was significantly lower than that of group C (P<0.05 or P<0.01). HB of G and H groups was significantly higher than that of D, E and F groups (P average <0.01). PLT of group H was significantly higher than that of group B (P average <0.05). PLT of F, G and H groups was significantly higher than that of group D (P<0.01). Lung index of group G was significantly higher than that of D, E, F and H groups (P<0.01). Liver index of group H is significantly higher than that of group D (P<0.05). Thymus index of G and H groups is significantly higher than that of group F (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions: Among all drugs of rising WBC, G-CSF owns strongest effect. In oral drug groups, WBC rising effect of Leucogen Tablets is best, RBC, HB and PLT improvement effect of Berbamine and Leucogen Tablets is best. In addition, Berbamine and Leucogen Tablets respectively caused significant increase of lung and liver index, what indicates that, the two drugs may be accompanied by relevant viscera damage. At the same time, the two drugs also  increased thymus index, which indirectly indicates that, the immunity and regulation abilities of Berbamine and Leucogen Tablets are stronger. The spleen index of Qijiao Shengbai Capsule group was significantly higher than that of Berbamine Tablet and Leucogen Tablet groups, what indicates that, the immunity and regulation abilities of Qijiao Shengbai Capsule may be stronger in oral drug group.Keywords: leucocyte increasing drugs; chemotherapy; leukocytopenia; mous

Regulation of Dendrite-Free Li Plating Via Lithiophilic Sites on Lithium-Alloy Surface

Lithium (Li) deposition behavior plays an important role in dendrite formation and the subsequent performance of lithium metal batteries. This work reveals the impact of the lithiophilic sites of lithium-alloy on the Li plating process via the first-principles calculations. We find that the Li deposition mechanisms on the Li metal and Li22Sn5 surface are different due to the lithiophilic sites. We first propose that Li plating on the Li metal surface goes through the adsorption-reduction-desorption-heterogeneous nucleation-cluster drop process, while it undergoes the adsorption-reduction-growth process on the Li22Sn5 surface. The lower adsorption energy contributes to the easy adsorption of Li on the lithiophilic sites of the Li22Sn5 surface. The lower Li reduction energy on the Li metal surface indicates that it is easy for Li to be reduced on the Li metal surface, attributed to its higher Fermi energy level. Furthermore, the faster Li diffusion on the Li22Sn5 surface results in smooth Li deposition, which is based on a two-Li synergy diffusion mechanism. However, Li diffuses more slowly on the Li metal surface than on the Li22Sn5 surface due to the single Li diffusion mechanism. This work provides a fundamental understanding on the impact of lithiophilic sites of Li alloy on the Li plating process and points out that the future design of 3D Li-alloy substrates decorated with multilithiophilic sites can prevent dendrite formation on the lithium-alloy substrate by guiding uniform Li deposition

SIRT1 is a regulator of autophagy: Implications in gastric cancer progression and treatment

AbstractSilent mating type information regulation 1 (SIRT1) is implicated in tumorigenesis through its effect on autophagy. In gastric cancer (GC), SIRT1 is a marker for prognosis and is involved in cell invasion, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance. Autophagy can function as a cell-survival mechanism or lead to cell death during the genesis and treatment of GC. This functionality is determined by factors including the stage of the tumor, cellular context and stress levels. Interestingly, SIRT1 can regulate autophagy through the deacetylation of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and mediators of autophagy. Taken together, these findings support the need for continued research efforts to understand the mechanisms mediating the development of gastric cancer and unveil new strategies to eradicate this disease

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CHEMOTHERAPY RELATED LEUKOCYTOPENIA TREATED BY VARIOUS PEROAL LEUCOCYTE INCREASING DRUGS

Background: Clinically, the patients with significant WBC decrease are mostly administered G-CSF, this kind of drugs is expensive and adverse reactions are often seen. In contrast, oral leucocyte increasing drug has small adverse reactions, can be used for longer time and can improve the continuity and stability of treatment. The experimental study based on study of mouse was to evaluate the effects of treatment and chemotherapy of related leukocytopenia by five kinds of commonly used peroal leucocyte increasing drugs. Materials and Methods: We prepared mice chemotherapy related leukocytopenia model by cyclophosphamide intraperitoneal injection, the positive control drug is G-CSF, respectively fill five kinds of peroal Leucocyte increasing drugs (Qijiao Shengbai Capsule, Weixuening Granule, Compound Zaofan Pill, Berbamine and Leucogen Tablets) in the stomach, the experimental group was divided into normal control group (group A), model group (group B), positive control group (Group rhG-CSF, group C) and treatment groups (group D-H), and treatment groups were divided into Qijiao Shengbai Capsule group (group D), Weixuening Granule group (group E), Compound Zaofan Pill group (group F), Berbamine Tablet group (group G) and Leucogen Tablet group (group H). Calculate the death rate, blood routine and important visceral organ index in each group.. Results: The death rate of mice in each group has no significant difference (P>0.05). WBC of B, D, E and F groups was significantly lower than that of group A (

Time Sequence Map for Interpreting the Thermal Runaway Mechanism of Lithium-Ion Batteries With LiNixCoyMnzO2 Cathode

Thermal runaway is one of the key failure reasons for the lithium-ion batteries. The potential of thermal runaway in applications increases when the industry starts to use high energy LiNixCoyMnzO2 cathode. The thermal runaway mechanism is still unclear, because the side reactions are complex. Heat generation during thermal runaway can be caused by the decomposition of individual cell components, or by interactive reactions between multiple components. This paper tries to comb the heat sources during thermal runaway using a novel method named the “Time Sequence Map” (TSM). The TSM tracks the heat sources according to the notion of thermodynamic systems. The thermodynamic system means a combination of materials that stay and react together, and generate heat independently without interruptions from other thermodynamic systems. With the help of the defined thermodynamic systems, researchers will be rescued from being trapped in the complex reactions, and the heat sources during thermal runaway can be clearly explained from bottom up. The thermal runaway results for two battery samples demonstrate the validity of the TSM. The TSM shows the heat sources including that: (1) fire, (2) internal short circuit, (3) oxidation-reduction reaction between the cathode and anode, etc. The contributions for the heat sources to the thermal runaway are further discussed. Conclusions come to: (1) the major heat source is the oxidation-reduction reaction; (2) the fire releases lots of heat, but most of the heat is not to heat the cell itself; (3) the internal short circuit is critical to trigger the oxidation-reduction reaction; (4) the internal short circuit is not the major heat source that heat the cell to 800°C or higher; (5) the oxidation-reduction reaction is triggered when the temperature reaches a critical temperature. The TSM helps depict the frontiers in the researches of battery thermal runaway. It suggests that we focus on: (1) the relationship between internal short circuit and thermal runaway; (2) the mechanism of the oxidation-reduction reaction between the cathode and anode; (3) the detailed reaction mechanisms for a specific thermodynamic system within the cell

Phenotypic Plasticity of Staphylococcus aureus in Liquid Medium Containing Vancomycin

Phenotypic plasticity enables individuals to develop different phenotypes in a changing environment and promotes adaptive evolution. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) facilitates the study of the genetic basis of bacterial phenotypes, and provides a new opportunity for bacterial phenotypic plasticity research. To investigate the relationship between growth plasticity and genotype in bacteria, 41 Staphylococcus aureus strains, including 29 vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strains, were inoculated in the absence or presence of vancomycin for 48 h. Growth curves and maximum growth rates revealed that strains with the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed different levels of plasticity in response to vancomycin. A bivariate GWAS was performed to map single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with growth plasticity. In total, 227 SNPs were identified from 14 time points, while 15 high-frequency SNPs were mapped to different annotated genes. The P-values and growth variations between the two cultures suggest that non-coding region (SNP 738836), ebh (SNP 1394043), drug transporter (SNP 264897), and pepV (SNP 1775112) play important roles in the growth plasticity of S. aureus. Our study provides an alternative strategy for dissecting the adaptive growth of S. aureus in vancomycin and highlights the feasibility of bivariate GWAS in bacterial phenotypic plasticity research

EFFECTS OF SALVIA MILTIORRHIZAE ON THE KIDNEY OF RATS WITH SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS AND OBSTRUTIVE JAUNDICE

Background: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and obstructive jaundice (OJ) are frequent recurring diseases that bring about huge threat to human health. Some reports have demonstrated that Salviae miltiorrhizae can protect multiple organs of SAP and OJ model animals or patients, but their related mechanisms were not clear. In this study, we observed the effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae injection on apoptosis and NF-κB expression in kidney and explored the protective effect and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhizae on the kidney of SAP or OJ rats. The results obtained will provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhizae. Material and Methods: A total of 288 rats were used for SAP - and OJ-associated experiments. The mortality rates of rats, the contents of serum BUN and CREA, the expression levels of Bax, NF-κB proteins and the apoptosis index were observed, respectively. Results: The pathological changes in the kidney of SAP or OJ rats in treated group were mitigated to varying degrees. At 6 and 12 hours after operation in SAP rats or on 21 and 28 days after operation in OJ rats, the contents of serum CREA in treated group were significantly lower than those in model control group; At 3 and 6 hours after operation, the staining intensity of Bax protein of kidney in treated group was significantly lower than that in model control group; on 14 days after operation, the apoptosis index in the kidney of OJ rats in treated group was significantly lower than that in model control group. Conclusion: Salvia miltiorrhizae can exert protective effects on the kidney of SAP and OJ rats