56 research outputs found
Physics Constrained Flow Neural Network for Short-Timescale Predictions in Data Communications Networks
Machine learning is gaining growing momentum in various recent models for the
dynamic analysis of information flows in data communications networks. These
preliminary models often rely on off-the-shelf learning models to predict from
historical statistics while disregarding the physics governing the generating
behaviors of these flows. This paper instead introduces Flow Neural Network
(FlowNN) to improve the feature representation with learned physical bias. This
is implemented by an induction layer, working upon the embedding layer, to
impose the physics connected data correlations, and a self-supervised learning
strategy with stop-gradient to make the learned physics universal. For the
short-timescale network prediction tasks, FlowNN achieves 17% - 71% of loss
decrease than the state-of-the-art baselines on both synthetic and real-world
networking datasets, which shows the strength of this new approach. Code will
be made available.Comment: re-organize the presentatio
Approximate Equivalence of the Hybrid Automata with Taylor Theory
Hybrid automaton is a formal model for precisely describing a hybrid
system in which the computational processes interact with the physical
ones. The reachability analysis of the polynomial hybrid automaton is
decidable, which makes the Taylor approximation of a hybrid automaton
applicable and valuable. In this paper, we studied the simulation relation
among the hybrid automaton and its Taylor approximation, as well as
the approximate equivalence relation. We also proved that the Taylor approximation simulates its original hybrid automaton, and similar hybrid
automata could be compared quantitatively, for example, the approximate equivalence we proposed in the paper
Automata-Based Analysis of Stage Suspended Boom Systems
A stage suspended boom system is an automatic steeve system orchestrated by the PLC (programmable logic controller). Security and fault-recovering are two important properties. In this paper, we analyze and verify the boom system formally. We adopt the hybrid automaton to model the boom system. The forward reachability is used to verify the properties with the reachable states. We also present a case study to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed verification
Towards Understanding the Capability of Large Language Models on Code Clone Detection: A Survey
Code cloning, the duplication of code fragments, is common in software
development. While some reuse aids productivity, excessive cloning hurts
maintainability and introduces bugs. Hence, automatic code clone detection is
vital. Meanwhile, large language models (LLMs) possess diverse code-related
knowledge, making them versatile for various software engineering challenges.
However, LLMs' performance in code clone detection is unclear and needs more
study for accurate assessment. In this paper, we provide the first
comprehensive evaluation of LLMs for clone detection, covering different clone
types, languages, and prompts. We find advanced LLMs excel in detecting complex
semantic clones, surpassing existing methods. Adding intermediate reasoning
steps via chain-of-thought prompts noticeably enhances performance.
Additionally, representing code as vector embeddings, especially with text
encoders, effectively aids clone detection.Lastly, the ability of LLMs to
detect code clones differs among various programming languages. Our study
suggests that LLMs have potential for clone detection due to their language
capabilities, offering insights for developing robust LLM-based methods to
enhance software engineering.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
Pharmacologic inhibition of the Menin-MLL interaction blocks progression of MLL leukemia in vivo
Chromosomal translocations affecting mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL) result in acute leukemias resistant to therapy. The leukemogenic activity of MLL fusion proteins is dependent on their interaction with menin, providing basis for therapeutic intervention. Here we report the development of highly potent and orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitors of the menin-MLL interaction, MI-463 and MI-503, and show their profound effects in MLL leukemia cells and substantial survival benefit in mouse models of MLL leukemia. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of these compounds in primary samples derived from MLL leukemia patients. Overall, we demonstrate that pharmacologic inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction represents an effective treatment for MLL leukemias in vivo and provide advanced molecular scaffold for clinical lead identification
Plant 45S rDNA Clusters Are Fragile Sites and Their Instability Is Associated with Epigenetic Alterations
Our previous study demonstrated that 45S ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA) clusters were chromosome fragile sites expressed spontaneously in Lolium. In this study, fragile phenotypes of 45S rDNA were observed under aphidicolin (APH) incubation in several plant species. Further actinomycin D (ActD) treatment showed that transcriptional stress might interfere with chromatin packaging, resulting in 45S rDNA fragile expression. These data identified 45S rDNA sites as replication-dependent as well as transcription-dependent fragile sites in plants. In the presence of ActD, a dramatic switch to an open chromatin conformation and accumulated incomplete 5β² end of the external transcribed spacer (5β²ETS) transcripts were observed, accompanied by decreased DNA methylation, decreased levels of histone H3, and increased histone acetylation and levels of H3K4me2, suggesting that these epigenetic alterations are associated with failure of 45S rDNA condensation. Furthermore, the finding that Ξ³-H2AX was accumulated at 45S rDNA sites following ActD treatment suggested that the DNA damage signaling pathway was associated with the appearance of 45S rDNA fragile phenotypes. Our data provide a link between 45S rDNA transcription and chromatin-packaging defects and open the door for further identifying the molecular mechanism involved
Automata-Based Analysis of Stage Suspended Boom Systems
A stage suspended boom system is an automatic steeve system orchestrated by the PLC (programmable logic controller). Security and fault-recovering are two important properties. In this paper, we analyze and verify the boom system formally. We adopt the hybrid automaton to model the boom system. The forward reachability is used to verify the properties with the reachable states.We also present a case study to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed verificationpartly supported by Grants (HCIC201110) of Guangxi HCIC lab Open Fund, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Lanzhou University, no. 860772, and NSF of China no. 60973147,the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China under Grant no. 20090009110006 the NSF of Guangxi no.2011GXNSFA018154, the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangxi no. 10169-1, and Guangxi Scientific Research Project No.201012MS27
Nectin2 influences cell apoptosis by regulating ANXA2 expression in neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system and represents the most frequent solid malignancy in infants. Nectin2 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and has been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis. In the current study, we demonstrate that serum Nectin2 level is increased in NB patients compared with that in healthy controls and Nectin2 level is correlated with neuroblastoma international neuroblastoma staging system (INSS) classification. There is a positive correlation between Nectin2 level and shorter overall survival in NB patients. Knockdown of Nectin2 reduces the migration of SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE2 cells and induces their apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. RNA-seq analysis demonstrates that Nectin2 knockdown affects the expressions of 258 genes, including 240 that are upregulated and 18 that are downregulated compared with negative controls. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis confirm that ANXA2 expression is decreased in Nectin2-knockdown SH-SY5Y cells, consistent with the RNA-seq results. ANXA2 overexpression rescues the percentage of apoptotic NB cells induced by Nectin2 knockdown and compensates for the impact of Nectin2 knockdown on cleaved caspase3 and bax expressions. In addition, western blot analysis results show that ANXA2 overexpression rescues the effect of Nectin2 knockdown on MMP2 and MMP9 expressions. The current data highlight the importance of Nectin2 in NB progression and the potential of Nectin2 as a novel candidate target for gene therapy
Effects of Simultaneous Application of Double Chelating Agents to Pb-Contaminated Soil on the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Indocalamus decorus Q. H. Dai and the Soil Environment
Recent studies have shown that the combined application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and degradable chelating agents can enhance EDTA’s affinity for heavy metals and reduce its toxicity, but the effect of this combination on the phytoremediation remains largely unknown. This study evaluated and compared the effects of EDTA, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) alone (E, N, G treatment), and in combination (EN and EG treatment), on the growth of dwarf bamboo (Indocalamus decorus Q. H. Dai), their phytoremediation efficiency, and the soil environment in Pb-contaminated soil. The results showed that treatment E significantly reduced the biomass, while treatments N and EN were more conducive to the distribution of aerial plant biomass. Except for treatment E, the total Pb accumulation in all treatments increased significantly, with the highest increase in treatment EN. For double chelating agents, the acid-soluble Pb concentrations in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of treatments EN and EG were lower than those of treatment E, and the soil water-soluble Pb content after 20 days of treatment EN was significantly lower than that of treatment EG. Furthermore, chelating agents generally increased soil-enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil, indicating that chelating agents may promote plant heavy-metal uptake by changing the rhizosphere environment. In conclusion, treatment EN had the highest phytoremediation efficiency and significantly lower environmental risk than treatments E and EG, highlighting its massive potential for application in phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil when combined with I. decorus
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Porous Chitosan/Gelatin/Polycaprolactone Bone Scaffold Prepared by Microwave Foaming Method
Bone tissue may suffer from bone injury and bone defects due to accidents or diseases. Since the demand for autologous bone and allograft tissue far exceeds the supply, bone scaffolds have taken the lead. The use of bone scaffolds is one of the measures to help heal or regenerate bone tissue. Therefore, a new bone scaffold was proposed in this study, which has a simpler preparation process and stronger performance. This study proposes bone scaffolds with an attempt to use polymers that are synthesized separately with three types of minerals as the filler using the microwave foaming method as follows. A 0.1 wt% of montmorillonite (MMT), zinc oxide (ZnO), or titanium dioxide (TiO2) is added to chitosan (CS)/gelatin mixtures, respectively, after which sodium bicarbonate is added as a foaming agent, thereby forming porous gels. The polymer synthesized from three minerals was used as filler. The following microwave foaming method was adopted: 0.1 wt% MMT, ZnO, or TiO2 was added to the CS/gelatin mixture, and then sodium bicarbonate was added as a foaming agent to form a porous gel. Next, porous gels and polycaprolactone were combined in a self-made mold in order to form bone scaffolds. A stereo microscope is used to observe the morphology of bone scaffolds, after which the pore size analysis, pore connectivity, swell property, porosity, and compressive strength are tested, examining the effects of the mineral type on bone scaffolds. The test results indicate that with MMT being the filler and sodium bicarbonate being the foaming agent, the resulting bone scaffolds yield a porous structure with a pore size between 120 μm and 370 μm. Besides, the incorporation of polycaprolactone also provides samples of 1MCG-P, 2MCG-P, and 5MCG-P with a certain compressive strength of 150–170 MPa. To sum up, the test results substantiate that a combination of the microwave foaming method and MMT generates a porous structure for bone scaffolds (1MCG-P, 2MCG-P, and 5MCG-P), involving a porosity of 38%, an inter-connected porous structure, and the compressive strength that exceeds 150 MPa
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