Using an Entropy-GRA, TOPSIS, and PCA Method to Evaluate the Competitiveness of AFVs – The China Case

With the increase in severe environmental problems associated with fossil fuel vehicles, the development of Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) has led to their promotion and use in Chinese provinces and cities. The comprehensive evaluation of competitiveness of the AFV industry in Chinese cities is beneficial to analyse the effects and relationships of different factors to promote the sustainable development of the AFV industry and guide the growth paths of the cities. An industrial competitiveness evaluation index system is established based on the characteristics of AFVs, and the development of the AFV industry in ten typical cities in China is comprehensively evaluated based on the Grey Relative Analysis (GRA) Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods. To evaluate the results, the entropy weighting method is used for the weight distribution, and the industrial competitiveness rankings of ten cities are obtained by the entropy-GRA, TOPSIS, PCA (EGTP) method. The results show that Beijing is ranked first, followed by Shanghai, and Qingdao is ranked last. By analysing the correlation between the evaluation methods and indicators, it is found that EGTP has a high correlation with the other three evaluation methods, which proves the rationality of the weighted linear combination of GRA and the other three methods. Indices C5 (pure electric car proportion) and C13 (average concentration of PM2.5) were outliers due to the small number of samples.</p

A facile route to encapsulate ultrasmall Ni clusters within the pore channels of AlPO-5

A simple one-step method to encapsulate Ni (II) into the pore channels of AlPO-5 molecule sieve was developed by using nickel-amine complexes as templating agent for synthesis of Ni(deta)2-AlPO-5. The Ni (II) occluded in the pores can be directly reduced by reducing gases in situ generated from the decomposition of nickel-amine complexes in AlPO-5 during heat treatment. The resulted catalyst has ultra-small Ni clusters highly dispersed into the pore channels, showing a high selectivity for 1,2-propanediol in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol

H2O2‐induced Microvessel Barrier Dysfunction: The Interplay Between Reactive Oxygen Species, Nitric Oxide, and Peroxynitrite

Elevated H2O2 is implicated in many cardiovascular diseases. We previously demonstrated that H2O2-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and excessive NO production contribute to vascular cell injury and increases in microvessel permeability. However, the mechanisms of excessive NO-mediated vascular injury and hyperpermeability remain unknown. This study aims to examine the functional role of NO-derived peroxynitrite (ONOO) in H2O2-induced vascular barrier dysfunction by elucidating the interrelationships between H2O2-induced NO, superoxide, ONOO, and changes in endothelial [Ca2+ ]i and microvessel permeability. Experiments were conducted on intact rat mesenteric venules. Microvessel permeability was determined by measuring hydraulic conductivity (Lp). Endothelial [Ca2+ ]i, NO, and O2 were assessed with fluorescence imaging. Perfusion of vessels with H2O2 (10 µmol/L) induced marked productions of NO and O2, resulting in extensive protein tyrosine nitration, a biomarker of ONOO. The formation of ONOO was abolished by inhibition of NOS with NG-Methyl-L-arginine. Blocking NO production or scavenging ONOO by uric acid prevented H2O2- induced increases in endothelial [Ca2+ ]i and Lp. Additionally, the application of exogenous ONOO to microvessels induced delayed and progressive increases in endothelial [Ca2+ ]i and microvessel Lp, a pattern similar to that observed in H2O2-perfused vessels. Importantly, ONOO caused further activation of eNOS with amplified NO production. We conclude that the augmentation of NOderived ONOO is essential for H2O2-induced endothelial Ca2+ overload and progressively increased microvessel permeability, which is achieved by self-promoted amplifications of NO-dependent signaling cascades. This novel mechanism provides new insight into the reactive oxygen and/or reactive nitrogen species-mediated vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases

Effect of Ag nanopowders on microstructure, hardness and elastic modulus of Sn-Bi solders

This paper presents the microstructure, hardness and elastic modulus of Sn58Bi, Sn57Bi1Ag and Ag nanopowders reinforced Sn58Bi composite solders. Microstructural observations reveal that the Ag nanopowders reinforced Sn58Bi composite solders have smaller grains of Ag3Sn and a more uniform Ag3Sn distribution in comparison with those of Sn57Bi1Ag solder. Nanoindentation test results show that the addition of Ag nanopowders has greatly enhanced the mechanical properties of Sn58Bi solder, i.e., it exhibits 13-30% increase in hardness and 10-22% increase in modulus of the composite solder. Besides, hardness and elastic modulus of solder are dependent on the size, distribution and the quantity of the second-phase

Reinforcement Learning Based Gasoline Blending Optimization: Achieving More Efficient Nonlinear Online Blending of Fuels

The online optimization of gasoline blending benefits refinery economies. However, the nonlinear blending mechanism, the oil property fluctuations, and the blending model mismatch bring difficulties to the optimization. To solve the above issues, this paper proposes a novel online optimization method based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm (DRL). The Markov decision process (MDP) expression are given considering a practical gasoline blending system. Then, the environment simulator of gasoline blending process is established based on the MDP expression and the one-year measurement data of a real-world refinery. The soft actor-critic (SAC) DRL algorithm is applied to improve the DRL agent policy by using the data obtained from the interaction between DRL agent and environment simulator. Compared with a traditional method, the proposed method has better economic performance. Meanwhile, it is more robust under property fluctuations and component oil switching. Furthermore, the proposed method maintains performance by automatically adapting to system drift.Comment: 30 pages,13 figure

The two-loop supersymmetric corrections to lepton anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments

Using the effective Lagrangian method, we analyze the electroweak corrections to the anomalous dipole moments of lepton from some special two-loop topological diagrams which are composed of neutralino (chargino) - slepton (sneutrino) in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM). Considering the translational invariance of the inner loop momenta and the electromagnetic gauge invariance, we get all dimension 6 operators and derive their coefficients. After applying equations of motion to the external leptons, the anomalous dipole moments of lepton are obtained. The numerical results imply that there is a parameter space where the two-loop supersymmetric corrections to the muon anomalous dipole moments may be significant.Comment: Revtex, 45 pages, including 8 fig

Strong Photoluminescence Enhancement of MoS2 through Defect Engineering and Oxygen Bonding

We report on a strong photoluminescence (PL) enhancement of monolayer MoS2 through defect engineering and oxygen bonding. Micro- PL and Raman images clearly reveal that the PL enhancement occurs at cracks/defects formed during high temperature vacuum annealing. The PL enhancement at crack/defect sites could be as high as thousands of times after considering the laser spot size. The main reasons of such huge PL enhancement include: (1) the oxygen chemical adsorption induced heavy p doping and the conversion from trion to exciton; (2) the suppression of non-radiative recombination of excitons at defect sites as verified by low temperature PL measurements. First principle calculations reveal a strong binding energy of ~2.395 eV for oxygen molecule adsorbed on an S vacancy of MoS2. The chemical adsorbed oxygen also provides a much more effective charge transfer (0.997 electrons per O2) compared to physical adsorbed oxygen on ideal MoS2 surface. We also demonstrate that the defect engineering and oxygen bonding could be easily realized by oxygen plasma irradiation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further confirms the formation of Mo-O bonding. Our results provide a new route for modulating the optical properties of two dimensional semiconductors. The strong and stable PL from defects sites of MoS2 may have promising applications in optoelectronic devices.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, to appear in ACS Nan