Multiresolution Analysis and Haar Wavelets on the Laguerre Hypergroup

Let ℍn be the Heisenberg group. The fundamental manifold of the radial function space for ℍn can be denoted by [0,+∞)×ℝ, which is just the Laguerre hypergroup. In this paper the multiresolution analysis on the Laguerre hypergroup 𝕂=[0,+∞)×ℝ is defined. Moreover the properties of Haar wavelet bases for La2(𝕂) are investigated

Product Market Regulation and Competition in China

The extent of competition in product markets is an important determinant of economic growth in both developed and developing countries. This paper uses the 2008 vintage of the OECD indicators of product market regulation to assess the extent to which China’s regulatory environment is supportive of competition in markets for goods and services. The results indicate that, although competition is increasingly robust across most markets, the overall level of product market regulation is still restrictive in international comparison. These impediments to competition are likely to constrain economic growth as the Chinese economy continues to develop and becomes more sophisticated. The paper goes on to review various aspects of China’s regulatory framework and suggests a number of policy initiatives that would improve the extent to which competitive market forces are able to operate. Breaking the traditional links between state-owned enterprises and government agencies is an ongoing challenge. Reducing administrative burdens, increasing private sector involvement in network sectors and lowering barriers to foreign direct investment in services would also increase competition and enhance productivity growth going forward. Some of the reforms introduced by the Chinese government over the past two years go in this direction and should therefore help foster growth.

Effect of Electrolytic Compositions in Kinetics Mechanism of High-Purity Titanium Electrochemical Extraction Process

High pure titanium, which is a critical material used for integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing, can be extracted by molten salt-electrolysis process. It will be widely used in the future for the process, is simple and easy, to achieve continuous production. However, some scientific questions need to be clarified at present. (1) Current efficiency needs to be enhanced by way of electrolyte designing and selection; (2) Product quality needs to be improved by means of electrolyte purification; (3) Electrolytic parameters need to be optimized for obtaining a better morphology. Above on, this chapter aims to explore the behaviors of titanium ions in various molten salts by means of chemical analysis and electrochemical testing. The complexes will be discussed for clarifying the influence of electrolytic compositions on kinetics mechanisms of the electrolysis process and the properties of the molten salt. A quantitative method for estimating oxygen content will be also discussed for the purpose of optimizing the composition of electrolytes. The chapter will provide a better understanding mechanism of kinetics of high pure titanium electrolysis, and the basic theory and experimental data can be used for reference in the industrialization process

Screening Retinopathy of Prematurity in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants in China and the Need for Earlier Screening Times

Purpose. To convey the need for a revised screening strategy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in China. Design. A retrospective longitudinal study. Methods. The medical charts of infants with a birth weight (BW) of less than 1 kg were reviewed. The infants were divided into three groups: group A, without ROP; group B, with ROP but not up to type 1 prethreshold or threshold ROP; group C, with type 1 prethreshold or threshold ROP. Data collected included gender, gestational age (GA), BW, postmenstrual age (PMA), age of onset of ROP, and age at which treatment was carried out, if required. Results. A total of 77 infants were involved. Fifty-six infants developed ROP at any stage and 38 infants developed type 1 prethreshold or threshold ROP. The mean BW and GA of infants in group A were significantly different compared with groups B and C. The mean PMA of onset of ROP in infants who developed mild ROP was 37 weeks compared with 34 weeks for infants who developed severe ROP. Conclusion. ELBW infants have a higher incidence of ROP in China which highlights the need for optimizing neonatal care for these infants. In ELBW infants, ROP tends to develop more severely when it occurs earlier. It is necessary for ELBW infants, especially for those with a BW less than 800 g or a GA less than 25 weeks, to be initially screened at an earlier time

On the security of a provably secure, efficient, and flexible authentication scheme for ad hoc wireless sensor networks

In a recent paper, Chang and Le proposed an efficient smart card?based authenticated key exchange protocol (which is referred to as CL scheme) for heterogeneous ad hoc wireless sensor networks. However, we found that the CL scheme is subject to sensor capture attack which breaks the session key security of the CL scheme. An improved protocol is proposed to fix this problem.Peer reviewe

Uneven-Layered Coding Metamaterial Tile for Ultrawideband RCS Reduction and Diffuse Scattering

In this paper, a novel uneven-layered coding metamaterial tile is proposed for ultra-wideband radar cross section (RCS) reduction and diffuse scattering. The metamaterial tile is composed of two kinds of square ring unit cells with different layer thickness. The reflection phase difference of 180° (±37°) between two unit cells covers an ultra-wide frequency range. Due to the phase cancellation between two unit cells, the metamaterial tile has the scattering pattern of four strong lobes deviating from normal direction. The metamaterial tile and its 90-degree rotation can be encoded as the ‘0’ and ‘1’ elements to cover an object, and diffuse scattering pattern can be realized by optimizing phase distribution, leading to reductions of the monostatic and bi-static RCSs simultaneously. The metamaterial tile can achieve −10 dB RCS reduction from 6.2 GHz to 25.7 GHz with the ratio bandwidth of 4.15:1 at normal incidence. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement and validate the proposed uneven-layered coding metamaterial tile can greatly expanding the bandwidth for RCS reduction and diffuse scattering