Seasonal distribution and virulence properties of escherichia coli o157, escherichia coli o157:h7 ısolated from minced meat and traditional cheese samples

Bu çalışma, bazı hayvansal gıdalarda (kıyma, Carra ve Surk peynirleri) Escherichia coli O157, Escherichia coli O157:H7varlığı ile virülens özelliklerini araştırmak ve izolatların aylık-mevsimsel dağılımlarını belirlemek amacıyla yürütüldü. Toplam 71 geleneksel peynir (35 Surk, 36 Carra) ve 60 kıyma örneği alındı. E. coli O157:H7'nin izolasyon ve identifikasyonunda immunomanyetik separasyon bazlı kültür tekniği ve PCR kullanıldı. Genel olarak, 131 gıda örneğinin 17 (% 13) ve 16'sının (% 12.2) sırasıyla E. coli O157 ve E. coli O157:H7 ile kontamine olduğu tespit edildi. İzolatların çoğunluğunun (% 83.3) eaeA genine sahip olduğu ve intimin en yaygın virülens faktörü olarak belirlendi. Stx2 geni yalnızca kıyma örneklerinden elde edilen iki (% 6.6) izolatta saptandı. Bu çalışmada, izolatlar örneklerden en fazla ilkbaharda elde edildi. Bu sonuçlar kıyma ve geleneksel peynirlerde virülens özelliği olan E. coli O157:H7 suşlarının bulunmasının insanlardaki infeksiyonlar açısından potansiyel bir risk oluşturabileceğini göstermektedir.This study was carried out to investigate the presence and virulence properties of Escherichia coli O157, Escherichia coli O157:H7 in some foods of animal origin (minced meat, Carra and Surk cheeses) and to determine the monthly and seasonal distribution of the isolates. A total of 71 traditional cheeses (35 Surk, 36 Carra) and 60 minced meat samples were collected. Immunomagnetic separation based cultural technique and PCR were used for the isolation and identification of E. coli O157:H7. Overall, 17 (13%) and 16 (12.2%) of 131 food samples were found to be contaminated with E. coli O157 and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. Intimin was determined as the most common virulence factor, since the majority (83.3%) of isolates harbouring the eaeA gene. Stx2 gene was only detected in two (6.6%) isolates recovered from minced meat samples. In this study, isolates were obtained from the samples at most in spring. These results indicate that the presence of virulent E. coli O157:H7 strains in minced meat and traditional cheeses can be a potential risk for human infections

Occurence and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter species in food and slaughterhouse samples

Abstract The objectives of this study were i) to isolate Arcobacter species (Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii, Arcobacter cryaerophilus) from different foods and sources, ii) to verify the isolates by multiplex PCR assay, iii) to detect the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates. In this study a total of 60 Arcobacter isolates were obtained. Arcobacter species were mostly isolated from swab samples (40%), followed by wastewater (29.1%), broiler wing meat (30%), raw milk (23.9%) and minced meat (6.6%). Regarding the seasonal distribution of Arcobacter from swab and wastewater samples, the bacterium was commonly isolated from wastewater in winter and spring, while it was frequently detected in swab samples during autumn and spring. All of the isolates were found to be resistant to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, rifampin, and erythromycin. The most effective antibiotic was tetracycline, because 96.66% of the isolates were susceptible against it. This is the first report of the isolation, seasonal distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Arcobacter species in cattle slaughterhouse samples in Turkey. These results indicate that foods of animal origin and cattle slaughterhouses are significant source of the antimicrobial resistant arcobacters

Occurence and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter species in food and slaughterhouse samples

Abstract The objectives of this study were i) to isolate Arcobacter species (Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii, Arcobacter cryaerophilus) from different foods and sources, ii) to verify the isolates by multiplex PCR assay, iii) to detect the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates. In this study a total of 60 Arcobacter isolates were obtained. Arcobacter species were mostly isolated from swab samples (40%), followed by wastewater (29.1%), broiler wing meat (30%), raw milk (23.9%) and minced meat (6.6%). Regarding the seasonal distribution of Arcobacter from swab and wastewater samples, the bacterium was commonly isolated from wastewater in winter and spring, while it was frequently detected in swab samples during autumn and spring. All of the isolates were found to be resistant to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, rifampin, and erythromycin. The most effective antibiotic was tetracycline, because 96.66% of the isolates were susceptible against it. This is the first report of the isolation, seasonal distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Arcobacter species in cattle slaughterhouse samples in Turkey. These results indicate that foods of animal origin and cattle slaughterhouses are significant source of the antimicrobial resistant arcobacters

Fish consumption preferences and factors influencing it

Fish consumption preferences are affected by individuals’ socioeconomic characteristics. The aims of the present paper were (i) to obtain information on fish consumption level and frequency; (ii) to investigate the associations between the socioeconomic characteristics of consumers and their preferences; and (iii) to examine the influence of determinants on fish consumption. Data were gathered through a questionnaire completed by a total of 127 randomly selected individuals from different socioeconomic backgrounds from the Antakya, Turkey. The average consumption was found to be 2.98 kg/person/year for fish. Anchovies, gilt-head sea bream, and sea bass were reported as the most consumed three species, respectively. Significant differences in fish consumption were found among age groups, gender groups, and education groups, as well as between marital statuses. A majority of the consumers eat fish once a month throughout the year or only during the winter months. Fish consumption level and frequency were significantly positively correlated with education (p<0.01), income (p<0.05) and total meat consumption (p<0.01). The stepwise multiple regression model explained 41.7% (p<0.01) of the total variance for fish consumption. The amount and frequency of the consumption in the region, which is very far below the world and Turkey average especially for lower socioeconomic groups and for less-consumed fish species, can be increased by certain policies, such as training, advertising and different marketing strategies. Moreover, consumption should be distributed equally throughout the year instead of consuming only in certain seasons

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in milk from dairy cows with chronic mastitis

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amaçları: i) sürekli tekrarlayan mastitli inek sütlerinden koagulaz pozitif stafilokok ve koagulaz negatif stafilokokları izole etmek, ii) izolatları Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus ve metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus yönünden multipleks PCR yöntemi ile doğrulamak ve iii) disk difüzyon yöntemi ile izolatların antimikrobiyel duyarlılığını belirlemektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kapsamda, Hatay ilinde sürekli tekrarlayan klinik mastit sorunu yaşayan süt ineklerinden toplam 52 adet süt örneği alındı. Koagulaz pozitif stafilokok ve koagulaz negatif stafilokokların izolasyon ve identifikasyonu klasik kültür tekniği ile yapıldı. Koagulaz pozitif stafilokok ve koagulaz negatif stafilokok olarak saptanan izolatların hepsi 16S rRNA, nuc ve mecA gen sekansları baz alınarak, sırasıyla Staphylococcus spp., S. aureus ve metisiline dirençli S. aureus yönünden multipleks PCR yöntemi ile doğrulandı. Ayrıca izolatların antimikrobiyel duyarlılığı araştırıldı.Bulgular: Süt örneklerinin % 48.0'inde pozitif sonuçlar elde edildi. Pozitif örneklerden toplam 56 adet stafilokok izolatı (22 adet koagulaz pozitif stafilokok ve 34 adet koagulaz negatif stafilokok) elde edildi. Koagulaz pozitif stafilokok izolatlarının 20'si (% 90.9) S. aureus olarak doğrulandı. S. aureus olarak doğrulanan izolatlarının 18'inde (% 90) mecA geni tespit edildi. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada izolatlarda disk difüzyon yöntemiyle, eritromisin (% 66), tetrasiklin (% 62.5), ampisilin (% 60.7), penisilin (% 60.7), sefoksitin (% 50), oksasilin (% 46.4) ve kloramfenikole (% 5.3) karşı direnç belirlendi Öneri: Çalışmada, kronik tekrarlayan mastitli inek sütlerinde antibiyotiklere dirençli stafilokokların ve özellikle metisiline dirençli S. aureus'un saptanması, bu bakterilerin süt ile birlikte gıda zinciri boyunca yayılma olasılığı açısından dikkate alınmalıdır.Aim: The aims of this study were: i) to isolate coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) in milk from dairy cows with chronic recurrent mastitis, ii) to verify isolates in terms of Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by multiplex PCR, and iii) to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates by disk diffusion method. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 milk samples were collected from the dairy cows with chronic recurrent mastitis in Hatay province. Isolation and identification of CPS and CNS were detected by using classical culture method. All CPS and CNS isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility and also, were confirmed as Staphylococcus spp., S. aureus and MRSA by multiplex PCR based on 16S rRNA, nuc, and mecA gene sequences, respectively. Results: Positive results were found in 48.0% of the milk samp-les. A total of 56 Staphylococcus spp. isolates (22 CPS and 34 CNS) were obtained from the positive samples. Twenty (90.9%) of the CPS isolates were detected as S. aureus. The mecA gene was detected in 18 (90%) of the S. aureus isolates. By disk dif-fusion method, resistance to erythromycin (66%), tetracycli-ne (62.5%), ampicillin (60.7%), penicillin (60.7%), cefoxitin (50%), oxacillin (46.4%), and chloramphenicol (5.3%) was also determined in this study.Conclusion: In the study, the detection of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus strains and especially MRSA in milk from dairy cows with chronic recurrent mastitis should be taken into account for potential spread through the dairy food chai