EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION LEVELS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF SOME DROUGHT TOLERANT MELON (CUCUMIS MELO L.) GENOTYPES

This study was conducted for determining drought tolerance in melon genotypes. In order to reduce the negative effects of the climatic changes on vegetable production, new melon cultivars that are tolerant to water stress are being developing. For this purpose, 9 melon genotypes that were previously found as drought tolerant have been tested in field conditions. In order to determine field performance of the melon genotypes three irrigation treatments with different water levels have been realized; 100% (control), 50% and 0% irrigations. In 50% and 0% irrigated plants, the above mentioned parameters have been compared versus their control plants. Some Physiological parameters were investigated. The investigated parameters were: Total fruit yield (kg/ha), brix in fruit (%), leaf stoma conductance (mmol/m(2)/s), membrane damage on leaf cells (%), leaf water potential (MPa), leaf osmotic potential (MPa), leaf temperature (degrees C), K and Ca concentrations in leaf (%), water use efficiency (g/Liter) of the genotypes According to the results melon genotypes were sorted from highest to lowest levels for their stress tolerance

Pollen quality, pollen production and yield of some tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes under high temperature stress in Eastern Mediterranean

Pollen quality, pollen production and yield of different high temperature tolerant tomato genotypes were evaluated under Adana, Turkey conditions in two different periods. The control treatment (normal sown, where day/night temperatures during the vegetative and generative stage are below 32/20 degrees C) of the first period started on February 20, 2015. The seedlings in the second period were planted on May 15, 2015. The performances of twenty-four tomato genotypes (resistant and sensitive commercial genotypes) were compared to determine high temperature resistant and sensitive tomato genotypes. Significant relationship was obtained between the yield and the number of pollens. The results of the experiment revealed that 'Tom173', 'Tom119' and 'T15656' genotypes were more resistant, while 'Tom108' and 'Tom10' genotypes were more sensitive compared to the other tomato genotypes tested in the experiment

Silicon-induced Salinity Tolerance Improves Photosynthesis, Leaf Water Status, Membrane Stability, and Growth in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Salt stress is a major problem worldwide because it decreases yields of many important agricultural crops. Silicon is the second-most abundant element in soil and has numerous beneficial effects on plants, particularly in alleviating stress-related impacts. Pepper is an important crop in the Mediterranean region, but pepper varieties differ in their salinity tolerances. The objective of this research was to test the ability of silicon to mitigate effects of salt stress in both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars. Salt damage was evaluated by measuring biomass, photosynthetic-related variables, leaf water potential, and membrane damage. We found that the addition of silicon solute to a growth medium was highly effective in improving plant growth by enhancing photosynthesis, stomatal conductance (g(S)), leaf water status, and membrane stability, which in turn led to higher biomass production in salt-stressed pepper plants, especially in a salt-sensitive cultivar. From an agronomic viewpoint, application of Si may provide economically relevant productivity improvements for salt-sensitive pepper genotypes grown under moderate salinity conditions and for salt-tolerant genotype grown under higher-salinity conditions

Determination of germination and some early growth parameters of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seeds under different lead concentration stress and vermicompost applications

Bu çalışma, Bu-Ter tere (Lepidium sativum L.) tohumlarına uygulama olarak ağır metal kurşunun farklı konsantrasyonları ve vermikompost uygulamasının çimlenme ve fide gelişim parametrelerine etkisi belirlenmesi amacıyla tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışma Siirt Üniversitesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü Laboratuvarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede kullanılan uygulamalar 0, 500, 1000, 1500 ppm, vermikompost, 500 ppm+vermikompost, 1000 ppm+vermikompost, 1500 ppm+vermikompost olarak belirlenmiştir. Petrilere tohumlar eklenmiş ve uygulamalar yapıldıktan sonra 22±1 °C sıcaklığa ayarlanmış etüve yerleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda çimlenme yüzdesi (%), ortalama çimlenme zamanı (gün), çimlenme hızı (çimlenme indeksi), vigor indeksi gibi çimlenme parametreleri ile fide boyu (cm), hipokotil çapı (cm), kök uzunluğu (cm), yaş ağırlık ve kuru ağırlık (mg) parametreleri değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Pb konsantrasyonu arttıkça çimlenme yüzdesinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. En düşük çimlenme yüzdesine 1500 ppm Pb uygulamasında %60.75 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ortalama çimlenme süresi bakımından, vermikompost uygulamasının Pb ile birlikte uygulanmasının 500 ppm Pb ve 1500 ppm Pb uygulamasındaki ortalama çimlenme süresini düşürdüğü ancak 1000 ppm Pb uygulamasında ise negatif etki yaparak ortalama çimlenme süresini arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Çimlenme indeksinin en düşük 1500 ppm Pb uygulamasında 9.900 olduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek çimlenme enerjisinin 93.333 ile vermikompost uygulamasında, en düşük ise 500 ppm kurşun uygulamasında 2.667 olarak belirlenmiştir. Vigor indeksi, boy uzunluğu, hipokotil çapı ve kök uzunluğunu en yüksek vermikompost uygulamasında olduğu görülmüştür. Fide yaş ve kuru ağırlığı bakımından uygulamalar arasındaki farklılığın istatistiksel olarak önemli olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Bu-Ter tere tohumunda uygulamaların belirli düzeylerde etkili olduğu ve elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında ilerde tere genotip ve çeşitleri üzerine yapılacak olan daha geniş çaplı çalışmalara referans olacağı düşünülmektedir.This study was carried out in three replications according to the randomized plot design in order to determine the effects of different concentrations of heavy metal lead and vermicompost application on germination and seedling growth parameters as an application of Bu-Ter cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seeds. The study was carried out in laboratory of Siirt University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture. The applications used in the experiment were determined as 0, 500, 1000, 1500 ppm, vermicompost, 500 ppm+vermicompost, 1000 ppm+vermicompost, 1500 ppm+vermicompost. Seeds were added to the petri dishes and after the applications were made, they were placed in an oven set at 22±1 °C. At the end of the study, germination parameters such as germination percentage (%), average germination time (day), germination rate (germination index), vigor index, and seedling length (cm), hypocotyl diameter (cm), root length (cm), fresh weight and dry weight (mg) parameters were evaluated. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the germination percentage decreased as the Pb concentration increased. It was determined that the lowest germination percentage was 60.75% in 1500 ppm Pb application. In terms of average germination time, it was determined that the application of vermicompost together with Pb decreased the average germination time in 500 ppm Pb and 1500 ppm Pb applications, but increased the average germination time by having a negative effect in 1000 ppm Pb application. The lowest germination index was found to be 9.900 in 1500 ppm Pb application. The highest germination energy was determined as 93.333 in vermicompost application, and the lowest in 500 ppm lead application was determined as 2.667. Vigor index, height, hypocotyl diameter and root length were found to be highest in vermicompost application. It was determined that the difference between the applications in terms of seedling fresh and dry weight was not statistically significant. As a result, it is thought that the applications in Bu-Ter cress seeds are effective at certain levels and in the light of the results obtained, it is thought that it will be a reference for wider studies on the cress genotype and varieties in the future

Impact of Salt-tolerant Rootstock on the Enhancement of Sensitive Tomato Plant Responses to Salinity

. In the present study, salt-tolerant (Tom 174) and sensitive (Tom 121) tomato genotypes were grafted onto their own roots (174/174 and 121/121), and a susceptible genotype was also grafted onto tolerant genotype 121/174. The grafted plants were grown under 50 mM NaCl and control conditions in a greenhouse. Plant physiological parameters, fruit yield, and physical measurements of fruit (e.g., weight, height, diameter, volume), and chemical analysis of fruit (e.g., vitamin C, pH, and total dry matter content) were investigated. When the sensitive genotype was grafted onto tolerant genotype 121/174, the tolerant genotype Tom 174 reduced the yield loss of susceptible genotype from 44% to 3%. Also, fruit size, total dry matter content, and vitamin C increased, while pH decreased under saline conditions. The rootstock Tom 174 seemed to be able to control sensitive scions’ stomatal openness and closure for transpiration and CO2 transition on photosynthesis because dry matter content was increased. It was found that the tolerant genotype played a role in ameliorating leaf osmotic adjustment of the sensitive genotype in grafting under salt stress. The combination 121/174 had the lowest Na+ concentration in young leaves. Thus, the tolerant rootstock Tom 174 decreased the transport of accumulation of Na+ ions to young leaves in this grafting combination

Screening of High Temperature Tolerant Tomato Genotypes for Their Fruit Mineral Content

Agriculture is at the forefront of the sectors that will be most affected by climate change. It is inevitable that Turkey is exposed to the negative effects of climate change due to its geographical location. The development of new high temperature tolerant varieties is seen as an important economic measure in the adaptation to climate change. In this study, heat temparature tolerant tomato genotypes were investigated for their fruit mineral content. For this purpose, twenty tolerant tomatoes from the gene pool of the Çukurova University, Department of Horticulture the and two commerical cultivars were grown in the open field conditions during 2016 spring and summer periods in Adana, Turkey. Tomato fruits grown under control and high temperature stresses conditions were analyzed for phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc. According to heat stress effects on the tomato fruit mineral content, the macronutrients were ordered P, K, Ca, Mg from the least affected to the most affected. Moreover, the micro-nutrients were ordered Cu, Fe and Zn from the least affected to the most affected. In the present study heat tolerant tomato genotypes showed better performance and their mineral content most cases were higher than mineral content of the control trade cultivars

Use of Mycorrhiza to Reduce Mineral Fertilizers in Soilless Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Cultivation

Intensive use of mineral fertilizers in soilless growing systems can have adverse effects on the environment and human health and could be economically expensive. Aim of this study was whether it can be reduced mineral nutrients in soilless grown melon by using mycorrhizae inoculation. The experiment has been carried out in the early spring growing period in a greenhouse in the Mediterranean climate. The eight treatments have been applied: (1) 100% Full nutrition (control), (2) 100% Full nutrition+mycorrhiza, (3) 80% nutrition, (4) 80% nutrition+mycorrhiza (5) 60% nutrition (6) 60% nutrition+mycorrhiza (7) 40% nutrition, (8) 40% nutrition+mycorrhiza. Effects of mycorrhiza on melon plant growth, yield, fruit quality, and leaf nutrient concentrations were investigated. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization is accompanied by plant growth increases in reduced nutrient levels. The mycorrhiza inoculation had a significant enhancing effect on total yield in soilless grown melon plants. The highest increasing effect on melon yield was observed in the “80% nutrient+mycorrhiza”, and AM- inoculated plants produced 49.5% higher melon yield (12.4 kg m-2) than that of control plants without mycorrhizae (8.3 k gm-2). AM-inoculation was also able to establish an improvement in Brix and EC of melon fruit. In the nutrient contents of leaves, there were slight increases in AM-inoculated plants, except P. The P content was significantly increased in AM-inoculated 80% nutrient plants as comparison to that of its control

PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION, STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE OF SOME MELON (CUCUMIC MELO L.) GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT DROUGHT STRESS

Drought is a major threat to sustain the crop production in the world. This study was conducted to determine the drought resistance andsensitivity of five melon genotypes, which have been previously tested at young plant stages. Water deficit treatments of the experimentincluded theirrigation at field capacity to maintain100% of the plant requirement (control), irrigation at 50% of the field capacity and no irrigation (0%). Photosynthesis, transpiration, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductivity, water use efficiency, membrane damage index, yield and leaf temperature of melon genotypeswere measured. Drought treatments caused significant differences in the parameters investigatedbetween the melon genotypes. Photosynthesis, transpiration, stomata closure and yield had significant correlations. The results indicated that Mln 4 is more sensitive and CU 179 is more tolerant melon genotypes in under drought stress conditions

The effects of foliar spraying of selenium and silicon on cucumber plants

Bu çalışmada, yapraktan selenyum (Se) ve silisyum (Si) gübrelemelerinin açık tarla koşullarında yetiştirilen hıyar (Cucumis sativus L.) bitkisinde büyüme, verim, bitki besin maddeleri alımı ve bazı meyve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Selenyum, Na2SeO4 bileşiği olarak 50 ppm dozunda ve Silisyum, K2SiO3 bileşiği olarak 300 ppm dozunda yapraklardan sprey şeklinde olmak üzere 3 defa 15 gün aralıklarla uygulanmıştır. Deneme süresince bitkilerde ve meyvelerde ölçülen, analiz edilen ve incelenen parametreler olarak; yaprak sayısı, bitki boyu, hasat süresince meyve sayısı ve ağırlığı, meyve çapı, meyve boyu, meyve sertliği, meyvede suda çözülebilir kuru madde (SÇKM), meyvede pH, meyvede EC, yaprakta N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Se ve Si içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Se ve Si’un insan beslenmesi üzerine olumlu etkileri nedeniyle, yaprak gübrelemesi ile meyvenin Se ve Si içeriğinin değişimini incelemek için meyvede Se ve Si analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yapraktan Se uygulaması hıyar meyve veriminde % 11, Si, % 8 ve Se + Si uygulaması ise verimde % 25 artışlar sağlamıştır. Bitki büyümesi ve meyve özellikleri üzerine Se ve Si’un etkileri belirgin değilken, meyvenin Se ve Si içeriği üzerine artırıcı etkiler görülmüştür. Silisyum uygulamasında dikkat çekici bir şekilde kontrole göre %134 daha sert meyve eti olmuştur. Selenyum tek başına ve Se + Si uygulamalarında ise kontrole göre sırasıyla % 35 ve %38 daha sert meyveler oluşmuştur.In the present study, foliar applications of selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) on the open field grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were studied. Treatments were performed by four ways; 1) Selenium, 2) Silicon, 3) Control, 4) Se + Si together. The effects of Se and Si on plant growth, yield, fruit properties, leaf mineral concentrations and fruit Se, Si contents have been investigated. The concentration of 50 ppm Se from Na2SeO4 and 300 ppm Si from K2SiO3 were applied to the leaves three times by 15 days interval during the growing period. In order to investigate the effects of the Se and Si on plant growth and fruit properties following parameters were investigated: plant height, leaf number, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, pH, and EC and total soluble solids of fruit juice. The fruit harvests were performed every 2-3 days and total yield was collected. The effects of the Se and Si on the leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Se and Si were investigated. Fruit Se and Si contents were also analyzed. As results, the effects of foliar applications of Se and Si on total yield were significant and increasingly affected the yield. Selenium, Si and Se+Si have increased the yield by 11 %, 8 % and 25 %, respectively. The most remarkable effect on yield was together using of Se+Si. Fruit Se and Si contents also increased by the foliar applications. The increasing of fruit firmness was134% in Si foliar application alone, Se and Se+Si together have also increased the fruit firmness by 35% and 38%, respectively

Effects of Calcium Nitrate Applications on the Leaf Iron Concentration of Having Different Flesh Firmness Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) Varieties

Bu çalışmada, farklı meyve et sertliğine sahip beş çilek çeşidi (Camarosa sert; Osmanlı yumuşak; Sevgi, Ebru ve Kaşka orta düzeyde sert) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada ilk çiçeklenme tarihinden başlayarak mayıs ayı sonuna kadar artan dozlarda yapraktan kalsiyum nitrat uygulamaları (0 ml/100 L (su), 150 ml/100 L, 300 ml/100 L ve 450 ml/100 L) yapılmıştır. Çileklerin yetiştirme periyodu boyunca aylık olarak alınan yaprak örneklerinde demir (Fe) elementinin mevsimsel değişimi incelenmiştir. Bulgular; Fe elementinin bitkilerin gelişme dönemi boyunca azaldığını, çeşitlerin Mart, Nisan ve Mayıs aylarına ait Fe konsantrasyonları arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Mart ayında artan dozlardaki kalsiyum nitrat uygulamalarının yaprakların Fe düzeyini önemli düzeyde arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Çeşit x Doz etkileşimleri incelendiğinde ise Mart ve Nisan aylarında Ebru çeşidinde en yüksek düzeyde Fe elementi 3. doz uygulamasından elde edilmiştir.In the present study, five strawberry cultivars which have very different flesh firmness characteristics (Camarosa firm; Osmanlı soft; Sevgi, Ebru and Kaska moderately firm ) were used as plant material. Foliar application was applied by using various dosages of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3 )2 ) (0 ml/100 L (control), 150 ml/100 L, 300 ml/100 L and 450 ml/100 L ). Application was started at the beginning of blooming time (15 January) and continued until at the end of May. The seasonal changes of iron concentration of strawberry leaf samples were detected during the growing period as monthly. As a result, Fe concentration was decreased with progressive growing season and significantly differences among the experimental cultivars at the some months (March, April and May). The significant increase was detected iron level by increased doses of calcium nitrate application in March. As a result of cultivar x dose interaction, the highest iron concentration was determined by Ebru variety from the 3rd application dose in March and April