Using History to Study Information Seeking Behavior

has focused on approaches that provide a snapshot in time of what is going on in a household. This poster explores the use of history to examine changes over time in both information questions and information sources used in the prosecution of everyday life activities in America. The study is based on identifying endogenous and exogenous forces to the activity at hand, and seeing how these forces cause change. A secondary question raised in this poster is the largely unexamined belief that the Internet has played an exceptional role in changing the nature of everyday information seeking behavior in America. The case of 100 years of car buying in America is used as a particular example, drawn from a larger study of nine everyday American activities

PROGRESS TOWARD A SINGLE MARKET: THE NEW INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS OF THE NAFTA LIVESTOCK SECTORS

International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries,

Atom Scattering from Metals

In the initial portion of this dissertation studies of Ar scattering from Ru(0001) at thermal and hyperthermal energies are compared to calculations with classical scattering theory. These data exhibited a number of characteristics that are unusual in comparison to other systems for which atomic beam experiments have been carried out under similar conditions. The measured energy losses were unusually small. Some of the angular distributions exhibited an anomalous shoulder feature in addition to a broad peak near the specular direction and quantum mechanical diffraction was observed under conditions for which it was not expected. Many of the unusual features observed in the measurements are explained, but only upon using an effective surface mass of 2.3 Ru atomic masses, which implies collective effects in the Ru crystal. The large effective mass, because it leads to substantially larger Debye-Waller factors, explains and confirms the observations of diffraction features. It also leads to the interesting conclusion that Ru is a metal for which atomic beam scattering measurements in the purely quantum mechanical regime, where diffraction and single-phonon creation are dominant, should be possible not only with He atoms, but with many other atomic species with larger masses. A useful theoretical expression for interpreting and analyzing observed scattering intensity spectra for atomic and molecular collisions with surfaces is the differential reflection coefficient for a smooth, vibrating surface. This differential reflection coefficient depends on a parameter, usually expressed in dimensions of velocity, that arises due to correlated motions of neighboring regions of the surface and can be evaluated if the polarization vectors of the phonons near the surface are known. As a part of this dissertation experimental conditions are suggested under which this velocity paramenter may be more precisely measured than it has been in the past. Experimental data for scattering of argon, neon and xenon atoms from molten gallium, indium and bismuth surfaces are compared to calculations with classical scattering theory. The results of the theory are in reasonable agreement with observed energy resolved spectra taken at fixed angles, with in-plane angular distribution distributions, and with the first available out-of-plane angular distribution spectra for these systems. For all three of the rare gases, only scattering from liquid Ga required the use of an effective surface mass equal to 1.65 times the mass of a single Ga atom. The need for a larger effective mass has been noted previously for Ar/Ga scattering and is indicative of collective effects in the liquid Ga. Comparisons with data taken at low incident energies enables estimates of the physisorption well depth in the interaction potentials for many of the gas-metal combinations. Surface corrugation is considered in a theory for which the surface corrugation amplitude is estimated from the temperature dependence of the most probable intensity for energy resolved scattering distributions. The theory is applied to an approximation for a sinusoidal surface corrugation. Final energy resolved spectra, in-plane and out-of-plane angular spectra are examined that exhibit reasonable agreement with data for scattering of rare argon from liquid metals. This establishes benchmark results for the behavior of this theory. Rainbow scattering is also considered

On the political economy of school deregulation

Education

Critical Thinking through Literature: A Dialogue Teaching Model

Many traditional approaches to teaching literature depend on lecturing and asking pointed or leading questions which require correct answers. Through such lessons have their value, they do not engage students in earnest and thoughtful discussions of literature. Such methods may be useful for reviewing material, but they are not sufficient to foster critical thinking. The Dialogue Teaching Model evolves in eight phases. It allows students to respond to literature at their own level of understanding by giving students the opportunity to interpret readings on their own. Using a dialogue approach, the teacher has students make judgments or decision about their reading which they must explain and defend during a class discussion. The discussion allows students to test the soundness of their decisions by comparing their arguments to those of others. In a later phase of the lesson, students reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of their interpretations. The teacher facilitates the learning process by guiding the discussion and by helping students examine their own thinking. After the dialogue has been completed students may maintain or revise their initial decisions, depending on how well they were able to defend their positions. Evaluation is an ongoing process in the Dialogue Teaching Model, since the teacher observes and assesses students during the dialogue and reflection phases of the lesson. Students also demonstrate their knowledge and improve their skills through writing and/or speaking assignments at the end of the lesson. Evaluation is viewed as part of the learning process and is not limited to a testing procedure. The Dialogue Teaching Model gives students the opportunity to become more active learners. By considering a number of different viewpoints, students can develop a deeper understanding of both literature and critical thinking . Students are not told what to think: they decide for themselves through discourse and reflection. In the process of teaching literature and critical thinking, the Dialogue Teaching Model encourages effective speech, attentive listening, improved writing skills, and autonomy of thought

Geology of the Ozark-Martin Mine area, Madison County, Missouri

General descriptions of the region adjacent to the Ozark and Martin Mines of Madison County, Missouri have been included in a number of early publications dealing with the Einstein Silver Mine area, but a detailed geologic map has not been made. It was thought that through detailed mapping and by a detailed analysis of all of the geologic features present, a more definite relationship between mineralization and structure might be determined --Introduction, Purpose and Scope of Work, page 1