Optimum tilt and azimuth angles of heat pipe solar collector, an experimental approach

The application of solar energy as the widest, clean and free source of thermal energy requires the solar collector. As one of the common types of solar collector, heat pipe solar collector has been investigated. The thermal performance of a solar heat pipe collector was simulated using the anisotropic sky radiation model in eight different tilt angles and thirteen azimuth angles at the location of Isfahan City, Iran. The obtained theoretical results were compared with experimental ones and an average discrepancy of 5 % was obtained. After approving the chosen model, the optimum seasonal and yearly tilt angles were calculated and the correlations also were drawn from a written subroutine. The results show that through spring and summer, the optimum tilt angle is somewhat less and through autumn and winter the optimum tilt angle is beyond the latitude angle with the largest difference in spring and autumn. For the whole year and under the conditions of the present study, the optimum tilt angle is nearly the same as the latitude angle of the location

Numerical investigation of the heat flux frequency effect on the doxorubicin absorption by Bio MOF11 carrier: A molecular dynamics approach

The present study investigated the effect of heat flux frequency on doxorubicin adsorption by bio MOF11 biocarrier using molecular dynamics simulation. This simulation examined the effect of several heat flux frequencies (0.001, 0.002, 0.005, and 0.010 1/fs) on the quantity of drug particles absorbed, mean square displacement (MSD), diffusion coefficient, and interaction energy. The present outputs of simulations predicted the structural stability of the modeled MOF-drug system in 300 K. Also, simulation outputs predicted by frequency optimization, the adsorption of target drug inside MOF11 maximized, and efficiency of this sample in actual clinical applications, such as drug delivery process increased. Numerically, the optimum value of frequency was estimated to be 0.005 1/fs. Using this heat setting, the interaction energy between MOF 11 and the doxorubicin drug increased to −929.05 kcal/mol, and the number of penetrated drug particles inside MOF11 converged to 207 atoms. The results reveal that the MSD parameter reached 64.82 Å2 after 100000-time steps. By increasing frequency to 0.005 fs−1, this increased to 78.05 Å2. By increasing MSD parameter, the drug diffusion process effectively occurred, and the diffusion coefficient increased from 67.29 to 82.47 nm2/ns. It is expected that the findings of present investigation guide the design of more efficient drug delivery platforms, enhance drug-carrier interactions, improve manufacturing processes, and aid in developing novel nanomaterials with enhanced adsorption properties for various applications