Universal dark halo scaling relation for the dwarf spheroidal satellites

Motivated by a recently found interesting property of the dark halo surface density within a radius, $r_{\rm max}$, giving the maximum circular velocity, $V_{\rm max}$, we investigate it for dark halos of the Milky Way's and Andromeda's dwarf satellites based on cosmological simulations. We select and analyze the simulated subhalos associated with Milky Way-sized dark halos and find that the values of their surface densities, $\Sigma_{V_{\rm max}}$, are in good agreement with those for the observed dwarf spheroidal satellites even without employing any fitting procedures. This implies that this surface density would not be largely affected by any baryonic feedbacks and thus universal. Moreover, all subhalos on the small scales of dwarf satellites are expected to obey the relation $\Sigma_{V_{\rm max}}\propto V_{\rm max}$, irrespective of differences in their orbital evolutions, host halo properties, and observed redshifts. Therefore, we find that the universal scaling relation for dark halos on dwarf galaxy mass scales surely exists and provides us important clues to understanding fundamental properties of dark halos. We also investigate orbital and dynamical evolutions of subhalos to understand the origin of this universal dark halo relation and find that most of subhalos evolve generally along the $r_{\rm max}\propto V_{\rm max}$ sequence, even though these subhalos have undergone different histories of mass assembly and tidal stripping. This sequence, therefore, should be the key feature to understand the nature of the universality of $\Sigma_{V_{\rm max}}$.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures and 3 tables, submitted to Ap

Identifying Suspicious Regions of Covid-19 by Abnormality-Sensitive Activation Mapping

This paper presents a fully-automated method for the identification of suspicious regions of a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on chest CT volumes. One major role of chest CT scanning in COVID-19 diagnoses is identification of an inflammation particular to the disease. This task is generally performed by radiologists through an interpretation of the CT volumes, however, because of the heavy workload, an automatic analysis method using a computer is desired. Most computer-aided diagnosis studies have addressed only a portion of the elements necessary for the identification. In this work, we realize the identification method through a classification task by using a 2.5-dimensional CNN with three-dimensional attention mechanisms. We visualize the suspicious regions by applying a backpropagation based on positive gradients to attention-weighted features. We perform experiments on an in-house dataset and two public datasets to reveal the generalization ability of the proposed method. The proposed architecture achieved AUCs of over 0.900 for all the datasets, and mean sensitivity $0.853 \pm 0.036$ and specificity $0.870 \pm 0.040$. The method can also identify notable lesions pointed out in the radiology report as suspicious regions.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Correlation of Blood Platelet Count and Petechiae on the Visible Mucous Membrane in Grazing Cattle

Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Ruth BohunovskyCoorientadora: Drª. Carmen SchierDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras e Universidade de Leipzig. Defesa : Curitiba, 17/12/2019Inclui referências: p. 87-90Área de concentração: Estudos LinguísticosResumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo uma análise acerca da representação da mulher em letras de rap feministas e como essas poderiam ser didatizadas para o contexto brasileiro de ensino de Alemão como Língua Estrangeira (ALE). Entre as letras de rap escolhidas para a análise - "Die Gretchenfrage" da rapper austríaca Yasmo, "Die Freundin von" da rapper alemã Sookee, "Sand in die Augen" do rapper alemão Danger Dan e "Gelernt" da banda Käptn Peng & Die Tentakel von Delphi - há algumas cantadas a partir de uma perspectiva masculina. Após uma discussão teórica sobre as particularidades do gênero textual rap e dos questionamentos atuais sobre a inserção desse gênero em livros didáticos e em sala de aula, apresenta-se uma análise das quatro letras de rap que compõem o corpus. Essa análise leva em consideração discursos feministas da atualidade e baseia-se no método de análise discursiva de textos em língua alemã proposto por Claus Altmayer (2007), assim como no conceito de Letramento Crítico. Baseado na análise realizada, o trabalho mostra que as mulheres são retratadas em situação de vulnerabilidade e ao mesmo tempo também de empoderamento. O presente trabalho almeja responder às seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: Que relevância didática possuem letras de raps feministas para o ensino de ALE em contexto brasileiro? Quais padrões de interpretação da imagem das mulheres podem ser reconstruídos em letras de rap feministas? De que forma as letras de rap feministas podem ser usadas para tematizar a igualdade de gênero em sala de aula de ALE? Por fim, propõe-se alguns exercícios para a inserção das letras de rap analisadas no presente trabalho no ensino de ALE em contexto brasileiro. Palavras-chave: Alemão como Língua Estrangeira. Estudos culturais. Padrão de interpretação cultural. Estudos de gênero. Imagem da mulher. Hip-hop. Rap.Abstract: The present work aims to analyze the representation of women in feminist rap lyrics and how these could be taught in the Brazilian context of teaching German as a Foreign Language (GFL). Among the rap lyrics chosen for analysis - "Die Gretchenfrage" from Austrian Rapper Yasmo, "Die Freundin von" from German Rapper Sookee, "Sand in die Augen" from German Rapper Danger Dan and "Gelernt" from the diverse band Käptn Peng & Die Tentakel von Delphi - there are some sung from a male perspective. After a theoretical discussion about the particularities of the rap as a textual genre and the current questions about the insertion of this genre in textbooks and in the classroom, an analysis of the four rap lyrics that make up the corpus is presented. This analysis considers feminist discourses today and is based on the method of discursive analysis of texts in German language proposed by Claus Altmayer (2007), as well as on the concept of Critical Literacy. Based on the analysis performed, the present work shows that women are portrayed in a situation of vulnerability and empowerment at the same time. This work aims to answer the following research questions: What didactic relevance do feminist rap lyrics have for teaching GFL in the Brazilian context? What patterns of women's image interpretation can be reconstructed in feminist rap lyrics? How can feminist rap lyrics be used to address gender equality in the GFL classroom? Finally, some exercises for the insertion of rap lyrics analyzed in the present work in the teaching of GFL in a Brazilian context are proposed. Keywords: German as a foreign language. Cultural studies. Cultural interpretation pattern. Gender studies. Perception of women. Hip-hop. RapZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit soll untersucht werden, wie Frauen in feministischen Raptexten vertreten sind und wie diese Texte für den brasilianischen Kontext des Unterrichts von Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) verwendet werden können. Unter den für die Analyse ausgewählten Raptexten "Die Gretchenfrage" der österreichischen Rapperin Yasmo, "Die Freundin von" der deutschen Rapperin Sookee, "Sand in die Augen" des deutschen Rapper Danger Dan und "Gelernt" der Band Käptn Peng & Die Tentakel von Delphi gibt es einige, die aus einer männlichen Sicht gesungen sind. Nach einer theoretischen Diskussion über die Besonderheiten des Rap als Textsorte und die aktuellen Fragen zur Einfügung dieser Textsorte in Lehrwerken und im Klassenzimmer folgt eine Analyse der vier Raptexte, aus denen das Korpus dieser Masterarbeit besteht. Diese Analyse berücksichtigt die heutigen feministischen Debatten und basiert auf dem von Claus Altmayer (2007) vorgeschlagenen Verfahren der diskursiven Analyse von Texten in deutscher Sprache sowie auf dem Konzept des "Letramento Crítico". Basierend auf der durchgeführten Analyse zeigt die Arbeit, dass Frauen oft als verletztlich und gleichzeitig machtvoll dargestellt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die folgenden Forschungsfragen zu beantworten: Welchen didaktischen Mehrwert haben feministische deutschsprachige Raptexte für den DaFUnterricht im brasilianischen Raum? Welche Deutungsmuster zum Frauenbild lassen sich in feministischen deutschsprachigen Raptexten rekonstruieren? Inwiefern können feministische Raptexte dazu beitragen, die Debatte über Geschlechtergleichstellung im DaF-Unterricht zu thematisieren? Anschließend werden einige Möglichkeiten zum Einsatz von Raptexten vorgeschlagen, die in der vorliegenden Arbeit zum DaF-Unterricht im brasilianischen Kontext analysiert wurden. Stichwörter: Deutsch als Fremdsprache. Kulturstudien. Kulturelles Deutungsmuster. Genderforschung. Frauenbild. Hip-Hop. Rap

Retrorectal epidermoid cyst with unusually elevated serum SCC level, initially diagnosed as an ovarian tumor

Retrorectal epidermoid cyst is one of the developmental cysts which arise from remnants of embryonic tissues. We report a rare case of retrorectal epidermoid cyst, initially diagnosed as an ovarian tumor. Serum SCC value as tumor marker was elevated to the high level. Laparoscopy revealed ovaries, uterus and other pelvic organs were all normal. This tumor existed in the retroperitoneal cavity and compressed the rectum. Later, complete tumor resection was performed by laparotomy. Histological study revealed the epithelium of this tumor consisted of only squamous cells without atypia, and the diagnosis of this tumor was retrorectal epidermoid cyst. Retrorectal epidermoid cyst is very rare, and difficult to diagnose before surgery. However, if we have-knowledge of developmental cysts, and by careful digital examination and image diagnosis, a differential diagnosis can be made