個体の大域的情報推定に基づいた局所相互作用による集団の環境適応

付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第22771号工博第4770号新制||工||1746(附属図書館)京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻(主査)教授 松野 文俊, 教授 椹木 哲夫, 教授 泉田 啓学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDGA

Firm-level Analysis of Globalization: A Survey

This paper extensively reviews empirical studies that analyze the various impacts of the globalization phenomenon on corporate activities by using micro data. First, we set up a flow chart describing how globalization leads to national productivity enhancement. Secondly, we summarize the hypotheses and the methods explored in 13 lines of literature on globalization, which this flow chart maps. Thirdly, we discuss further possible avenues for micro data analysis. Finally, we provide some suggestions on statistics-related policies.Firm-level data; Globalization; Productivity.

Globalization and productivity : a survey of firm-level analysis

Recent empirical studies which utilize plant- or establishment-level data to examine globalization's impact on productivity have discovered many causal mechanisms involved in globalization's impact on firms' productivity. Since these pathways have been broad, there have been few attempts to summarize the several and detailed mechanisms of self-selection and learning at the same time. This paper examines seven pathways so that the clear-cut consequences of the broad picture of globalization become visible. This strategy is useful for detecting missing links within and across the existing studies as well as for finding possible synergy effects among different mechanisms. Insightful policy implications may be derived from the comprehensive comparisons between the seven different pathways of globalization.Firm-level data, Globalization, Productivity, International trade, Foreign investments, Developing countries, Developed countries

Physiological Roles of Class I HDAC Complex and Histone Demethylase

Epigenetic gene silencing is one of the fundamental mechanisms for ensuring proper gene expression patterns during cellular differentiation and development. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are evolutionally conserved enzymes that remove acetyl modifications from histones and play a central role in epigenetic gene silencing. In cells, HDAC forms a multiprotein complex (HDAC complex) in which the associated proteins are believed to help HDAC carry out its cellular functions. Though each HDAC complex contains distinct components, the presence of isoforms for some of the components expands the variety of complexes and the diversity of their cellular roles. Recent studies have also revealed a functional link between HDAC complexes and specific histone demethylases. In this paper, we summarize the distinct and cooperative roles of four class I HDAC complexes, Sin3, NuRD, CoREST, and NCoR/SMRT, with respect to their component diversity and their relationship with specific histone demethylases

A Study on the Teaching of Discipline and the Formation of Self-discipline in Lessons: Korn’s Historical Study of the Problem of Discipline

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the significance of the teaching of discipline for the formation of self-discipline. This is done by looking at recent teaching trends for discipline, namely the historical study of the German word Disziplin by Korn, a German educationalist. Korn, stating that the term Disziplin derives from the Latin word disciplina, pointed out that the term represents the unity of the subject and the conduct of learners. While Disziplin was previously understood as a conduct such as control, and Korn now states that the meaning of Disziplin denotes the separation of the subject from the conduct of the learners. To understand Disziplin as a unified meaning, Korn reconstructed the teaching of Disziplin by means of Hönigswald and Petzelt’s educational theory. Furthermore, the significance of his concept is to reconstruct the teaching of discipline by means of historical study and to indicate the possibilities of rethinking the current situation regarding discipline such as “zero-tolerance policing” and so on. However, Korn’s concept is problematic in that it does not focus on the subject

Globalization and productivity : a survey of firm-level analysis

Recent empirical studies which utilize plant- or establishment-level data to examine globalization\u27s impact on productivity have discovered many causal mechanisms involved in globalization\u27s impact on firms\u27 productivity. Since these pathways have been broad, there have been few attempts to summarize the several and detailed mechanisms of self-selection and learning at the same time. This paper examines seven pathways so that the clear-cut consequences of the broad picture of globalization become visible. This strategy is useful for detecting missing links within and across the existing studies as well as for finding possible synergy effects among different mechanisms. Insightful policy implications may be derived from the comprehensive comparisons between the seven different pathways of globalization

Classroom Management in Germany

This study clarifies the significance of classroom management in Germany. After the Second World War, Germany did not pay attention to classroom management. In 1970, Kounin introduced the concept of classroom management to Germany. The term was translated as klassenführung. Recently, the importance of klassenführung was emphasized because educational studies had shown a close relationship between classroom management and academic ability. Klassenführung was recently studied in Germany, which identified its use and possibilities in terms of inclusive education. This study was concerned with the development of klassenführung in Germany; thus, the study results show the utility of klassenführung and clarify the possibility of using classroom management in inclusive education

Behavioral responses to colony-level properties affect disturbance resistance of red harvester ant colonies

Self-organizing biological systems, such as colonies of social insects, are characterized by their decentralized control and flexible responses to changing environments, often likened to swarm intelligence. Although decentralized control is well known to be a product of local interactions among agents, without the need for a bird’s-eye view, indirect knowledge of properties that indicate the current states of the entire system also helps each agent to respond to changes, thereby leading to a more adaptive system. In this study, we analyze the rules that govern workers’ behavioral responses to colony-level properties and assess whether they contribute to adaptive flexibility in social insect colonies. We focus on task allocation among red harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) as a model system and develop an ordinary differential equation model to describe the system of task allocation among workers. We simulate 12 scenarios specifying how workers respond to changes in the colony-level properties of colony size and nutritional state. We found that when workers decrease their contact rates in response to increasing colony size, they enable achievement of a larger colony size, similar to that of P. barbatus colonies in nature, and when workers increase their foraging levels in response to decreasing colony-wide nutritional levels, they increase resilience to environmental disturbances. These negative feedback rules governing the response to colony-level properties are consistent with previous reports on ants and honeybees

Structural characterization of N-lignoceroyl (C24:0) sphingomyelin bilayer membranes : A reevaluation

Sphingomyelin (SM) is a membrane lipid and plays important roles in signaling, protein trafficking, cell growth and death. We investigated the structure of hydrated highly asymmetric SM, N-Lignoceroyl (C24:0) SM, bilayers with X-ray diffraction (XRD), simultanous small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle XRD, and SAXS measurements. At temperatures between two endothermic transitions of hydrated C24:0 SM bilayers, the C24:0 SM formed a ripple phase with the ripple periodicity of ~12-14 nm. About 3 month incubation at 277 K induced the formation of a stable phase with a short lamellar spacing of 5.62 nm. Based upon the structures revealed by this study and the phase behavior, we discuss the intermolecular interactions between C24:0 SM molecules in the bilayer membrane