How to Win Friends and Trade with People: Southern Inuit, George Cartwright, and Labrador Households, 1763 to 1809

British and Southern Inuit traders in late-18th-century Labrador embedded the fisheries and fur trade in their social relations through transculturation. Specifically, British traders such as Capt. George Cartwright changed how they organized their friendships and households, as did Attuiock, an Inuit angakkuq or shaman. Cartwright’s approach evolved from using “luxury” to try to regulate Inuit workers and traders to also including Inuit traders and workers in his friendships and households. Even if Cartwright misunderstood what this meant to his Inuit partners, this approach made sense to them, too, as they were, after all, also agents of this transculturation.Les commerçants de fourrures britanniques et Inuit du Sud intégrèrent la pêche et la traite des fourrures dans leurs relations sociales par transculturation dans le Labrador de la fin du 18e siècle. Plus précisément, les commerçants britanniques, tel le capitaine George Cartwright, transformèrent leur façon d’organiser leurs amitiés et leur foyer, comme le fit Attuiock, un angakkuk ou shaman inuit. Délaissant le recours aux articles de «  luxe  » pour tenter de régir les travailleurs et les commerçants inuits, Cartwright s’employa aussi à les inclure parmi ses amis et dans son ménage. Même si Cartwright ne comprenait pas bien ce que cela signifiait pour ses partenaires inuits, cette approche leur semblait logique à eux aussi car, après tout, ils étaient également des agents de cette transculturation

Permeability, Past and Present, in Continental Crustal Basement

The examination of microcracks from the Lewisian of the northwest highlands of Scotland, has revealed the sequential development of microcrack networks, sealed by minerals deposited from fluids passing along them. Comparisons, between open and sealed microcracks, indicate that both thermal and mechanical stresses were active in the formation of the cracks. Several mechanisms which may allow a crack to remain open under compressive stress have been seen, and it is found that microcracks may act as recurring fluid pathways. Observations on the crack-sealing minerals have allowed inferences on the nature of fluid flow within the Lewisian crystalline basement to be made. The sealed cracks were formed as a result of both localized, and regional, periods of fluid flow through the basement. This fluid flow took place over a period spanning some two billion years (from the Archaean Badcallian metamorphic event, to the late-Proterozoic Torridonian rifting). Several magnetite crack sealing events, specific to lithologies and structures, occurred during pre-Torridonian times. These were associated with the Scourian and Laxfordian metamorphic cycles. However, most sealed cracks are post-tectonic. Four main post-Laxfordian regional sealing events have been identified, and are characterized by the sealing mineral sequence of; K-feldspar + calcite; prehnite + albite + calcite; pumpellyite + quartz + calcite; and stilpnomelane. Crack-crack intersections indicate that this sequence of crack sealing is consistent throughout the Lewisian's central region. Investigation of these sealed cracks, using mineral PTX considerations, stable isotopes, fluid inclusions and radiometric isotopes, suggest that this sequence relates to a period of hydrothermal activity within the Lewisian complex, associated with Torridonian basin subsidence and rifting. The study suggests that the fluid passing along the cracks was originally a surface derived meteoric water. This permeated into the basement gneisses along subvertical, NE-SW, microcracks and joints, which were dilating during the Torridonian extension. Pressure estimates suggest that the currently exposed Lewisian surface was in the region of 3 km deep when the fractures were sealing. The precipitated mineral sequence was the result of a cooling and evolving hydrothermal system, progressing from about 35

Editorial: globalisation and the journal of eating disorders

Editoria

High functioning autism spectrum disorder: a challenge to secondary school educators and the students with the condition

Across the Australian schooling sector, students with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HFASD) can represent a challenge to educators and the nature of that challenge is the focus of this study. The setting for this research is secondary education with the teachers and the students supported through additional services based within an integrated special education service model. In this study students were identified as HFASD if they had a diagnosis of ASD given by an independent medical officer and the students were functioning in the regular classroom and achieving at, or near, grade level on classroom based or standardised tests of achievement. This study investigated the educational issues associated with students with HFASD using both teacher (N = 81) and students with HFASD (N=32) surveys. These surveys were developed after extensive focus group activities with the teachers and the students identified with ASD, and were framed in the language provided by the participants. The teacher survey contained 27 items and the student survey contained 34 items. Both instruments used a 5 point Likert scale. The two main concepts in the mainstream teachers' responses were: (i) the less predictable and at times inflexible social behaviour of the students; and (ii) the level of additional in-class attention required to effectively teach the students in a group context. The two main concepts from the students with HFASD responses were: (i) the students' desire for social relationships and friendships; and (ii) their concerns about their learning environments. The educational implications of these findings are discussed in relation to theory and practice

Britain's role in the world: a conversation

Stephen Whitefieldtalks to Colin Hay about Britain’sprojection of its place in the world today, set in the contextof the diminished sense of Britishness and the story of thelong decline of the country itseel

Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are causing increasing problems in our society, and many approaches to treatment are used, some more successful than others. This volume provides therapists and students with practical and evidence-based guidance on diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders. It builds on existing knowledge as well as the enormous wealth of clinical experience that the authors have developed over the past three decades. It assumes a basic understanding of therapeutic intervention and some clinical training. This book will be of interest not only to those clinicians who have developed a special expertise in eating disorders, but to psychologists, psychiatrists, general practitioners, dietitians, social workers, nurses, and other allied mental health practitioners as well

Psychometric properties of instruments assessing exercise in patients with eating disorders : a systematic review

Background: Research has identified factors specific to exercise in eating disorder patients such as affect regulation and compulsivity. Existing measures of exercise behaviour which were not originally designed for eating disorder patients may not adequately assess these factors. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and assess the psychometric properties of all self-report measures of exercise designed to be used with eating disorder patients. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. MedLine, Scopus and PsycINFO were systematically searched. A total of 12 studies examining two measures, the Exercise and Eating Disorders and the Compulsive Exercise Test, met inclusion criteria. Results: Validation studies showed promising results for both tests and established internal consistency, concurrent and convergent validity, and construct validity. The factor structure of the Compulsive Exercise Test was not confirmed in the majority of the studies included in this review, while there are only two studies conducting factor analysis on the Exercise and Eating Disorders. Conclusion: The two measures identified by this systematic review represent the current research on measures of compulsive exercise for eating disorder patients. Further research is needed to confirm a factor structure and validate both the Compulsive Exercise Test and the Exercise and Eating Disorders in more diverse clinical samples

Stepping out: information for families of young people with a disability moving from secondary school to adult life

Leaving secondary school means making the change from being a school student to becoming a young adult. It is a critical time and can have a significant impact on the lives of the young person and family members. This transition period involves many changes which can be both challenging and rewarding. It is a time of moving towards independence and may not always be an easy or smooth process. Choices about further study, training for work and moving out of home all need to be considered

Making care visible at the heart of government, through successfully advocating for the adoption of a new National Outcome dedicated to Care in one country, Scotland

Governments create National Performance Framworks (NPF) to highlight the 'golden threads' they want all stakeholders to most focus on. Two years ago we presented at ICIC 2022 on the design and development of a new National Outcome for Care in Scotlands NPF, and the 11 existing outcomes in that which did not include Care explicitly, which was up for review. We can now report that the campaign was a huge success, and the Scottish Government is now creating a National Outcome on Care. This presentation will explain how the campaign worked to achieve this, what we believe to be a global first