Environmental effects of James River sewage treatment plant outfall construction

In the spring of 1975 the Institute began a program to determine whether significant environmental changes would occur in the area of the new James River Plant outfall that might be related to its construction and/or initial operation. Parameters measured in the study were benthic animal and oyster populations, coliform levels and chlorine residuals. The primary emphasis of the study centered on the estimation of the impact of the construction activity on shellfish beds in the area. The results of the investigation are presented in three segments, the first dealing with shellfish populations, the second with other benthic animals and the third with coliforms and chlorine. Section I. Environmental Effects of James River Sewage Treatment Plant Outfall Construction on Oyster Beds in the James River by Dexter S. Haven and Paul C . Kendall Section II. Environmental Effects of the James River Sewage Treatment Plant Outfall Construction: Soft Bottom Macrobenthos by Robert J. Diaz and Donald F. Boesch Section III. Water Quality in the Vicinity of James River Sewage Treatment Plant Outfall by Michael E. Bende

ENERGY IN THE PACIFIC COASTAL ZONE DOES D.O.E. HAVE A ROLE?

This paper addresses the energy-related acti ties in the Pacific Coastal Zone within the context of the absence of a coastal-specific energy policy. First, the present and projected coastal energy activities are described in order to establish a perspective of the importance of the coastal zone to energy development. transport, and use. Next, the state and federal decision-making processes relevant to coastal energy activities are summarized for the purpose of defining the institutional framework that has been constructed to respond to coastal energy issues. Finally, the functional areas not currently being adequately addressed are identified; and an associate role, which ensures both comprehensive evaluation and sound development of regional coastal energy resources, is defined for the DOE Office of Environment

MARINE BIOMASS SYSTEM: ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND PRODUCTION OF METHANE

Two approaches to kelp conversion to methane are described. First, a large (10.56 mi/sup 2/) oceanic farm using an artificial substrate and an upwelling system to deliver nutrient-rich deep ocean water to the kelp bed is described. This system can yield as much as 50 tons of kelp (dry ash free - DAF) per acre-year. Kelp are harvested by a specially designed 30,000 DWT ship and delivered to an onshore processing plant as a ground kelp slurry. The second system involves the use of a natrual coastal kelp bed. Growth rates in this bed are stimulated by a nutrient rich sewer outfall. A conceptual model is presented for calculation of the growth rate of kelp in this natural bed which can reach 15 tons (DAF) per acre-year. The harvest activity and processing plant are similar to those for oceanic farm system. In the next section of this report, the overall concept of kelp production and conversion to methane is discussed. In Section III the general design of the ocean farm system is presented and discussed while Section IV contains a similar description for the natural bed system. Section V presents the capital requirements and operational labor, resources and material requirements. Section VI describes the environmental residuals created by the operation of either system and, to the extent possible, quantifies the rate at which these residuals are generated. In addition to the technical data reported herein, cost data have been generated for the various processes and components utilized in each solar technology. The requirements for costing information basically arise from the need to compute parameters such as investment demands, employment patterns, material demands and residual levels associated with each technology for each of several national and regional scenarios

ENERGY IN THE PACIFIC COASTAL ZONE DOES D.O.E. HAVE A ROLE?

This paper addresses the energy-related acti ties in the Pacific Coastal Zone within the context of the absence of a coastal-specific energy policy. First, the present and projected coastal energy activities are described in order to establish a perspective of the importance of the coastal zone to energy development. transport, and use. Next, the state and federal decision-making processes relevant to coastal energy activities are summarized for the purpose of defining the institutional framework that has been constructed to respond to coastal energy issues. Finally, the functional areas not currently being adequately addressed are identified; and an associate role, which ensures both comprehensive evaluation and sound development of regional coastal energy resources, is defined for the DOE Office of Environment

A weighted procrustes criterion

rotation, matching, Procrustes analysis, Tucker's coefficient of congruence,