628 research outputs found
Thermodynamics of the BCS-BEC crossover
We present a self-consistent theory for the thermodynamics of the BCS-BEC
crossover in the normal and superfluid phase which is both conserving and
gapless. It is based on the variational many-body formalism developed by
Luttinger and Ward and by DeDominicis and Martin. Truncating the exact
functional for the entropy to that obtained within a ladder approximation, the
resulting self-consistent integral equations for the normal and anomalous Green
functions are solved numerically for arbitrary coupling. The critical
temperature, the equation of state and the entropy are determined as a function
of the dimensionless parameter , which controls the crossover from the
BCS-regime of extended pairs to the BEC-regime of tightly bound molecules. The
tightly bound pairs turn out to be described by a Popov-type approximation for
a dilute, repulsive Bose gas. Even though our approximation does not capture
the critical behaviour near the continuous superfluid transition, our results
provide a consistent picture for the complete crossover thermodynamics which
compare well with recent numerical and field-theoretic approaches at the
unitarity point.Comment: published versio
Criticality and Superfluidity in liquid He-4 under Nonequilibrium Conditions
We review a striking array of recent experiments, and their theoretical
interpretations, on the superfluid transition in He in the presence of a
heat flux, . We define and evaluate a new set of critical point exponents.
The statics and dynamics of the superfluid-normal interface are discussed, with
special attention to the role of gravity. If is in the same direction as
gravity, a self-organized state can arise, in which the entire sample has a
uniform reduced temperature, on either the normal or superfluid side of the
transition. Finally, we review recent theory and experiment regarding the heat
capacity at constant . The excitement that surrounds this field arises from
the fact that advanced thermometry and the future availability of a
microgravity experimental platform aboard the International Space Station will
soon open to experimental exploration decades of reduced temperature that were
previously inaccessible.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, plus harvard.sty style file for references
Accepted for publication in Colloquia section of Reviews of Modern Physic
Liquid 4He near the superfluid transition in the presence of a heat current and gravity
The effects of a heat current and gravity in liquid 4He near the superfluid
transition are investigated for temperatures above and below T_lambda. We
present a renormalization-group calculation based on model F for the Green's
function in a self-consistent approximation which in quantum many-particle
theory is known as the Hartree approximation. The approach can handle a zero
average order parameter above and below T_lambda and includes effects of
vortices. We calculate the thermal conductivity and the specific heat for all
temperatures T and heat currents Q in the critical regime. Furthermore, we
calculate the temperature profile. Below T_lambda we find a second correlation
length which describes the dephasing of the order parameter field due to
vortices. We find dissipation and mutual friction of the superfluid-normal
fluid counterflow and calculate the Gorter-Mellink coefficient A. We compare
our theoretical results with recent experiments.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figure
Spectroscopy of Superfluid Pairing in Atomic Fermi Gases
We study the dynamic structure factor for density and spin within the
crossover from BCS superfluidity of atomic fermions to the Bose-Einstein
condensation of molecules. Both structure factors are experimentally accessible
via Bragg spectroscopy, and allow for the identification of the pairing
mechanism: the spin structure factor allows for the determination of the two
particle gap, while the collective sound mode in the density structure reveals
the superfluid state.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Fermionic superfluidity with positive scattering length
Superfluidity in an ultracold Fermi gas is usually associated with either a
negative scattering length, or the presence of a two-body bound state. We show
that none of these ingredients is necessary to achieve superfluidity. Using a
narrow Feshbach resonance with strong repulsive background interactions, the
effective interactions can be repulsive for small energies and attractive for
energies around the Fermi energy, similar to the effective interactions between
electrons in a metallic superconductor. This can result in BCS-type
superfluidity while the scattering length is positive.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures; v2: added references and details energy-dependent
interactio
Formation of magnetic impurities and pair-breaking effect in a superfluid Fermi gas
We theoretically investigate a possible idea to introduce magnetic impurities
to a superfluid Fermi gas. In the presence of population imbalance
(, where is the number of Fermi atoms with
pseudospin ), we show that nonmagnetic potential
scatterers embedded in the system are magnetized in the sense that some of
excess -spin atoms are localized around them. They destroy the
superfluid order parameter around them, as in the case of magnetic impurity
effect discussed in the superconductivity literature. This pair-breaking effect
naturally leads to localized excited states below the superfluid excitation
gap. To confirm our idea in a simply manner, we treat an attractive Fermi
Hubbard model within the mean-field theory at T=0. We self-consistently
determine superfluid properties around a nonmagnetic impurity, such as the
superfluid order parameter, local population imbalance, as well as
single-particle density of states, in the presence of population imbalance.
Since the competition between superconductivity and magnetism is one of the
most fundamental problems in condensed matter physics, our results would be
useful for the study of this important issue in cold Fermi gases.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figure
BCS-BEC crossover at finite temperature in the broken-symmetry phase
The BCS-BEC crossover is studied in a systematic way in the broken-symmetry
phase between zero temperature and the critical temperature. This study bridges
two regimes where quantum and thermal fluctuations are, respectively,
important. The theory is implemented on physical grounds, by adopting a
fermionic self-energy in the broken-symmetry phase that represents fermions
coupled to superconducting fluctuations in weak coupling and to bosons
described by the Bogoliubov theory in strong coupling. This extension of the
theory beyond mean field proves important at finite temperature, to connect
with the results in the normal phase. The order parameter, the chemical
potential, and the single-particle spectral function are calculated numerically
for a wide range of coupling and temperature. This enables us to assess the
quantitative importance of superconducting fluctuations in the broken-symmetry
phase over the whole BCS-BEC crossover. Our results are relevant to the
possible realizations of this crossover with high-temperature cuprate
superconductors and with ultracold fermionic atoms in a trap.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figure
Thermodynamics of Crossover from Weak- to Strong-Coupling Superconductivity
In this paper we study an evolution of low-temperature thermodynamical
quantities for an electron gas with a -function attraction as the
system crosses over from weak-coupling (BCS-type) to strong-coupling
(Bose-type) superconductivity in three and two dimensions.Comment: Replaced with journal version. Insignificant presentation changes.
Links to related papers are also available at the author home page
http://www.teorfys.uu.se/PEOPLE/egor
Superconducting properties of the attractive Hubbard model
A self-consistent set of equations for the one-electron self-energy in the
ladder approximation is derived for the attractive Hubbard model in the
superconducting state. The equations provide an extension of a T-matrix
formalism recently used to study the effect of electron correlations on
normal-state properties. An approximation to the set of equations is solved
numerically in the intermediate coupling regime, and the one-particle spectral
functions are found to have four peaks. This feature is traced back to a peak
in the self-energy, which is related to the formation of real-space bound
states. For comparison we extend the moment approach to the superconducting
state and discuss the crossover from the weak (BCS) to the intermediate
coupling regime from the perspective of single-particle spectral densities.Comment: RevTeX format, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Z.Phys.
- …