Growth control of GaAs nanowires using pulsed laser deposition with arsenic over pressure

Using pulsed laser ablation with arsenic over pressure, the growth conditions for GaAs nanowires have been systematically investigated and optimized. Arsenic over pressure with As$_2$ molecules was introduced to the system by thermal decomposition of polycrystalline GaAs to control the stoichiometry and shape of the nanowires during growth. GaAs nanowires exhibit a variety of geometries under varying arsenic over pressure, which can be understood by different growth processes via vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. Single-crystal GaAs nanowires with uniform diameter, lengths over 20 $\mu$m, and thin surface oxide layer were obtained and can potentially be used for further electronic characterization

Broadband multi-wavelength campaign on PKS 2005-489

The spectral energy distribution (SED) of high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (HBL) is characterized by two peaks: one in the UV-X-ray and one in the GeV-TeV regime. An interesting object for analyzing these broadband characteristics is PKS 2005-489, which in 2004 showed the softest TeV spectrum ever measured. In 2009, a multi-wavelength campaign has been conducted with, for the first time, simultaneous observations by H.E.S.S. (TeV), Fermi/LAT (GeV), RXTE (keV), Swift (keV, UV, optical) and ATOM (optical) to cover the two peaks of the SED. During this campaign PKS 2005-489 underwent a high state in all wavebands which gives the opportunity to study in detail the emission processes of a high state of this interesting HBL.Comment: 2009 Fermi Symposium; eConf Proceedings C09112

Evidence of breakdown of the spin symmetry in diluted 2D electron gases

Recent claims of an experimental demonstration of spontaneous spin polarisation in dilute electron gases \cite{young99} revived long standing theoretical discussions \cite{ceper99,bloch}. In two dimensions, the stabilisation of a ferromagnetic fluid might be hindered by the occurrence of the metal-insulator transition at low densities \cite{abra79}. To circumvent localisation in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) we investigated the low populated second electron subband, where the disorder potential is mainly screened by the high density of the first subband. This letter reports on the breakdown of the spin symmetry in a 2DEG, revealed by the abrupt enhancement of the exchange and correlation terms of the Coulomb interaction, as determined from the energies of the collective charge and spin excitations. Inelastic light scattering experiments and calculations within the time-dependent local spin-density approximation give strong evidence for the existence of a ferromagnetic ground state in the diluted regime.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Revte

Electromagnetic interferences from plasmas generated in meteoroids impacts

It is shown that the plasma, generated during an impact of a meteoroid with an artificial satellite, can produce electromagnetic radiation below the microwave frequency range. This interference is shown to exceed local noise sources and might disturb regular satellite operations.Comment: 6 pages, no figures. This version macthes the published versio

Observables for spacetimes with two Killing field symmetries

The Einstein equations for spacetimes with two commuting spacelike Killing field symmetries are studied from a Hamiltonian point of view. The complexified Ashtekar canonical variables are used, and the symmetry reduction is performed directly in the Hamiltonian theory. The reduced system corresponds to the field equations of the SL(2,R) chiral model with additional constraints. On the classical phase space, a method of obtaining an infinite number of constants of the motion, or observables, is given. The procedure involves writing the Hamiltonian evolution equations as a single `zero curvature' equation, and then employing techniques used in the study of two dimensional integrable models. Two infinite sets of observables are obtained explicitly as functionals of the phase space variables. One set carries sl(2,R) Lie algebra indices and forms an infinite dimensional Poisson algebra, while the other is formed from traces of SL(2,R) holonomies that commute with one another. The restriction of the (complex) observables to the Euclidean and Lorentzian sectors is discussed. It is also shown that the sl(2,R) observables can be associated with a solution generating technique which is linked to that given by Geroch.Comment: 23 pages (LateX-RevTeX), Alberta-Thy-55-9

Einstein's equations and the chiral model

The vacuum Einstein equations for spacetimes with two commuting spacelike Killing field symmetries are studied using the Ashtekar variables. The case of compact spacelike hypersurfaces which are three-tori is considered, and the determinant of the Killing two-torus metric is chosen as the time gauge. The Hamiltonian evolution equations in this gauge may be rewritten as those of a modified SL(2) principal chiral model with a time dependent `coupling constant', or equivalently, with time dependent SL(2) structure constants. The evolution equations have a generalized zero-curvature formulation. Using this form, the explicit time dependence of an infinite number of spatial-diffeomorphism invariant phase space functionals is extracted, and it is shown that these are observables in the sense that they Poisson commute with the reduced Hamiltonian. An infinite set of observables that have SL(2) indices are also found. This determination of the explicit time dependence of an infinite set of spatial-diffeomorphism invariant observables amounts to the solutions of the Hamiltonian Einstein equations for these observables.Comment: 22 pages, RevTeX, to appear in Phys. Rev.

The harmonic power spectrum of the soft X-ray background I. The data analysis

Fluctuations of the soft X-ray background are investigated using harmonic analysis. A section of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey around the north galactic pole is used. The flux distribution is expanded into a set of harmonic functions and the power spectrum is determined. Several subsamples of the RASS have been used and the spectra for different regions and energies are presented. The effects of the data binning in pixels are assessed and taken into account. The spectra of the analyzed samples reflect both small scale effects generated by strong discrete sources and the large scale gradients of the XRB distribution. Our results show that the power spectrum technique can be effectively used to investigate anisotropy of the XRB at various scales. This statistics will become a useful tool in the investigation of various XRB components.Comment: 12 pages, A&A accepte