Psychometric examination and factorial validity of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised in Italian exercisers

Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to verify the factorial structure, internal validity, reliability, and criterion validity of the 21-item Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R) in an Italian sample. Methods: Italian voluntary (N = 519) users of gyms who had a history of regular exercise for over a year completed the EDS-R and measures of exercise frequency. Results and conclusions: Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated a good fit to the hypothesized 7-factor model, and adequate internal consistency for the scale was evidenced. Criterion validity was evidenced by significant correlations among all the subscale of the EDS and exercise frequency. Finally, individuals at risk for exercise dependence reported more exercise behavior compared to the nondependent-symptomatic and nondependent-asymptomatic groups. These results suggest that the seven subscales of the Italian version of the EDS are measuring the construct of exercise dependence as defined by the DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence and also confirm previous research using the EDS-R in other languages. More research is needed to examine the psychometric properties of the EDS-R in diverse populations with various research designs

I can't stop : the relationship among exercise dependence symptoms, injury and illness behaviors, and motives for exercise continuance

Etude de la relation entre la dépendance à l'activité physique, la blessure ou la maladie et les motivations à poursuivre la pratique, chez 332 étudiants garçons et filles non-athlètes de 3 niveaux de dépendance (faible, moyen et fort

Transtheoretical model of behavior change : does the termination stage exist for exercise?

Etude de la stabilisation à long terme de la motivation positive pour l'activité physique régulière effectuée auprès de 178 membres hommes et femmes d'un club local de gymnastique volontaire âgés de 20 à 70 ans

The transtheoretical model and exercise adherence: examining construct associations in later stages of change

Objective Over 40% of Americans are sedentary and of those beginning an exercise program, 50% will drop out within 6 months. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is commonly used to describe exercise behavior and develop interventions for the initiation of exercise behavior. Less is known, however, about maintenance of exercise behavior and the construct associations for the action, maintenance, and termination stages of change. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine which of the TTM constructs (i.e. decisional balance, processes of change, barriers-efficacy, and temptation) best distinguishes between the action, maintenance, and termination stages of change for men and women. Methods Questionnaires measuring each of the TTM constructs were collected from 330 men (M age=27.14 years) and 380 women (M age=24.80 years). Data were examined for sex differences and subsequently, two forward logistic regressions were conducted for each sex such that the dependent variables for the regressions were action/maintenance and maintenance/termination. Results Compared to men, women reported significantly less barriers-efficacy (p=.04), greater pros of exercise (p=.004), and greater use of behavioral (p=.001) and experiential (p<.001) processes of change. For the men, affect temptation was the only significant correlate of action/maintenance (p=.02), while barriers efficacy (p=.001), environmental evaluation (p=.02), and affect temptation (p=.03) were associated with maintenance/termination. For the women, environmental reevaluation (p=.02) and social liberation (p=.05) were associated with action/maintenance, while barriers-efficacy (p=.003) was the only construct correlated with maintenance/termination. Conclusions Stage and gender specific considerations are warranted when designing stage-matched exercise interventions for long-term maintenance of exercise behavior

Factorial Validity and Psychometric Examination of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised

The research purposes were to examine the factorial and convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS). Two separate studies, containing a total of 1,263 college students, were undertaken to accomplish these purposes. Participants completed the EDS and measures of exercise behavior and perfectionism. Confirmatory factor analysis in Study 1 reduced the scale from 28 to 21 items (i.e., 3 items per subscale) and it supported a correlated seven-factor model in Study 2 (Tucker-Lewis Index = .96, comparative fit index = .97, root mean square error of approximation = .05, average absolute standardized residual = .02). Adequate internal consistency and test-rest reliability for the scale was evidenced. Consistent with the hypotheses and the EDS classifications for exercise dependence symptoms, individuals at risk for exercise dependence reported more exercise behavior and perfectionistic tendencies, compared to the nondependent-symptomatic and nondependent-asymptomatic groups. These studies provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the EDS. Research in more diverse populations is needed to further examine the general applicability of the EDS-Revised

Effectiveness of NexQuest Natural Frequency Technology® on sleep and mood of adults with insomnia symptoms: a randomized, double blind and placebo controlled crossover trial

Objectives: The study purpose was to conduct a four-week randomized double-blind placebocontrolled crossover trial on adults with insomnia symptoms to examine the effectiveness of Natural Frequency Technology® (NFT), found in Philip Stein Sleep Bracelets, on sleep quality, anxiety/stress levels, and mood. Methods: Adults (N = 44, M age = 41.9 years) were randomized to the Placebo Bracelet (PB) or NFT Sleep Bracelet (SB) for two weeks and then the alternative bracelet for two weeks. Self-reported mood, anxiety/stress, and sleep quality were completed at Day 0 (PRE) and following each condition; POST PB and POST SB). Results: When the participants wore the SB, compared to the PB, they had improved sleep quality (i.e., Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), anxiety/ perceived stress, and mood, p’s < .05. Discussion: The SB may be simple, noninvasive, and nonpharmacological intervention to improve sleep quality and daytime mood

Effectiveness of a grid mattress on adults' sleep quality and health: A quasi‐experimental intervention study

Abstract Background and aims Despite that 93% of people indicate that a mattress plays a pivotal role in achieving high‐quality sleep, there is a scarcity of research investigating the influence of mattresses on sleep quality, pain, and mood in nonclinical poor sleepers. The purpose was to examine the effectiveness of a pressure‐releasing medium‐firm grid mattress on sleep and health outcomes (e.g., mood, pain, daytime fatigue) of adults with nonclinical insomnia symptoms using a quasi‐experimental design. Methods Participants were 39 adults (mean age = 45.29) with nonclinical insomnia (i.e., occasional sleeplessness). Following 1 week of baseline assessments on their current mattress, they slept on a pressure‐relieving grid mattress for 8 weeks. Participants completed self‐report assessments of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Berlin Questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, Restorative Sleep Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Profile of Mood States, Daytime Fatigue Scale, Pain and Sleep Questionnaire, and Brief Pain Inventory at Baseline and Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8. Participants continually wore an Oura Ring to objectively assess sleep and daytime activity. The data were collected from January 2022 to April 2022 and were stored electronically. Repeated‐measures analyses of variance were used to analyze mean time differences. Results Self‐reported sleep quality, perceived pain, perceived stress, mood, and daytime fatigue improved significantly from Baseline to Week 8, p's < 0.05. Objective Oura Ring validated the self‐reported sleep and daytime activity outcomes with improvements in sleep duration, time awake during the night, light sleep, deep sleep, and total sleep time, p's < 0.05. No significant time effects were evidenced for rapid eye movement sleep. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion The grid mattress is a simple, noninvasive, and nonpharmacological intervention that improved adults sleep quality and health. Controlled trials are encouraged to examine the effects of this mattress in a variety of populations and environments