P2: Image Analysis and Quantification of 3D Cancer Cell Migration

Metastatic tumors are known for their ability to migrate toward circulatory apparatus and detach from the primary tumor. Generally, metastasis is quantified in vitro using migration assays that are normally measured in two dimensions (2D). Threedimensional (3D) migration assays can better mimic cancers by providing similar microenvironments to those observed in vivo. Imaging 3D cell cultures requires multiple 2D images stacked along a Z-axis; however, imaged cells would be in-focus at varied z-positions at different time points due to the characteristics of cell migration. Our goal in this study was to analyze in-focus cell images and quantify cell migration in 3D in high throughput. Briefly, Hep3B human hepatoma cell line in alginate was printed on top of a layer of chemoattractants in a microwell chip and cultured over time to model hepatocellular carcinoma. Acquired cell images were analyzed using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to create a histogram of pixel brightness variation within an image. We selected a specific frequency range that would correspond to a sharp change in pixel brightness, a spheroid\u27s edge, while the rest was subtracted to delete out-of-focus cells. In-focus cell images were recreated by reverse FFT, and ImageJ macros have been used to calculate the brightness of each corrected image in our 3D culture. By correlating pixel brightness to cell number, it allowed us to calculate the average position of all the cells in our 3D culture, based on brightness and z-position of the cell image. By measuring the change in average position over time, we created a quantifiable method to measure cell migration in 3D.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2017/1054/thumbnail.jp

Effect of various doses of zinc and nitrogen applied at different times on wheat grain zinc concentration.

TEZ8703Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2012.Kaynakça (s. 101-121) var.xix, 123 s. : res. ; 29 cm.Increasing zinc (Zn) concentration of cereal grains is a global challenge to alleviate Zn deficiency-related health problems in humans caused by low dietary Zn intake. The number of studies on the crucial role of nitrogen nutrition on plants Zn and Fe uptake, transportation and accumulation is increasing. This study was focused on the potential of N fertilization in biofortification of wheat grain based on the assumption that N nutrition is affecting ransporter proteins along with other nitrogen bearing molecules which involved in Zn and Fe uptake, transportation and accumulation. For this purpose, wheat plants were grown with different N and Zn treatments at greenhouse and field conditions. According to the results of field and greenhouse trials; grain Zn concentration was greatly enhanced by soil or foliar applied zinc. Similar to Zn increase, treatments also affected N and Fe concentrations of grain. When Zn was adequately supplied, both soil and foliar N applications improved grain zinc concentration. Under greenhouse conditions, with sufficient Zn treatment along with high N application contributed to the the uptake and remobilization of Zn and Fe from vegetative tissues. Under field conditions, the positive effect of adequate N nutrition on remobilization of micro elements might be more relevant, when uptake is limited during grain development due to drought or any other stress condition.Tahıl tanelerinin çinko içeriğini yükseltmek, insanlarda beslenme yoluyla ortaya çıkan çinko (Zn) eksikliğine bağlı sağlık problemlerini azaltmada önemli bir global (küresel) stratejidir. Bitkilerin hem Zn hem de demir (Fe) alımı, taşıması ve biriktirmesinde azot (N) beslenme statüsünün önemli bir rol oynadığına ilişkin literatür bilgisi artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, N beslenmesinin, Zn ve Fe'in alımında, bitkideki hareketinde ve tanede birikiminde rol alan taşıyıcı proteinleri ve diğer azotlu bileşikleri etkileyebileceği düşüncesinden hareketle, buğday tohumunun zenginleştirilmesine yönelik potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, buğday bitkileri, farklı N ve Zn uygulamaları ile tarla ve sera koşullarında yetiştirilmiştir. Tarla ve sera koşullarında yürütülen denemelerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre; topraktan Zn ve N uygulamaları ile yapraktan Zn uygulamalarının, tane Zn konsantrasyonunu arttırdığı ulunmuştur. Uygulamalar, tane N ve Fe konsantrasyonu üzerinde de etkili olmuştur. Bitki için ortama yeterince Zn sağlandığı zaman, hem topraktan hem de yapraktan N uygulaması ile tanenin Zn konsantrasyonu artmıştır. Sera koşullarında yürütülen denemelerde, yeterli çinko uygulaması ile yüksek dozda N uygulamasının, Zn ve Fe'in vejetatif dokudan alınımı ve remobilize olmasına katkısı olmuştur. Tarla koşullarında, yeterli miktarda N uygulamasının, mikro elementlerin remobilizasyonu üzerine olan pozitif etkisi, kuraklık veya her hangi bir stres koşulu nedeniyle tane gelişim döneminde Zn alınımın sınırlanması durumunda daha önemli hale gelebilir.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: ZF2010D27

Çinko eksikliği ve bor toksisitesi gösteren topraklarda gyttja uygulamasının buğdayın büyümesi ve çinko ve bor konsantrasyonlarına üzerine etkisi

TEZ2557Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1997.Kaynakça (s. 55-63) var.iv, 65 s. ; 30 cm.…Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir

The Role of Nitrogen and Sulphur Nutrition on Zinc and Iron Transport to Wheat Grain

Son yıllarda yapılan araştırma sonuçları, tahıl tanelerinin mineral element (çinko ve demir) konsantrasyonları bakımından fakir olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu nedenle tahılların beslenme kalitesinin arttırılması gerekmektedir. Buğdayda tane verimi ve protein konsantrasyonuna, azot ve kükürt beslenmesinin önemli etki yaptığı bilinmektedir. Bazı fiziksel ve moleküler mekanizmalardan dolayı bitkilerin azot beslenme statüleri çinko ve demir alımlarını ve birikimini etkileyen en önemli kompenent olduğu gösterilmektedir. Buğdayın kükürt ihtiyacı azota göre azdır. Ancak, kükürt eksikliğinde protein olmayan azotlu bileşikler (asparagine, glutamine) birikmekte, kükürt içeren amino asitlerin (sistein, methionine) sentezi ve tanedeki birikimleri azalmaktadır. Buğday tanesinin çinko (ve demir) içeriğinin arttırılması çabaları; çinkonun kök bölgesinden absorbsiyonu, kökten bitki dokularına taşınması, floemde taşınımı, çinkonun bitkinin vejetatif dokusundan gelişmekte olan tohuma taşınması ve tohumda çinkonun depolanması gibi, süreçlerdeki bilgi eksikliğinden dolayı engellenmektedir. Literatürde artan kanıtlar, yukarıda sayılan faktörlerin azotlu gübreleme veya bitkinin azot metabolizması tarafından etkilendiğini işaret etmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalarda, tanenin çinko ve demirkonsantrasyonunun, azot uygulamasıyla arttırılabileceği ve çinko ve azot uygulamalarının makarnalık buğdayın tane çinko konsantrasyonunun arttırılmasında sinerjik etki yaptığı belirtilmiştir. Çinkonun floem yoluyla taneye taşınabilmesi için, kükürt içeren amino asitlerle ligand oluşturması gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, buğday tanesinde çinko ve demir birikiminde, azot ve kükürt beslenmesinin önemi vurgulanmıştır.Research results in recent years, revealed that cereal grains are low in mineral element (zinc and iron) concentrations. Therefore, improving the quality of nutrition is required. Significant effects of nitrogen and sulphur nutritionon grain yield and protein concentration of wheat were reported. Nitrogen nutrition of plants appears to be a critical component for an effective bio-fortification of food crops with Zn and Fe due to several physiological and molecular mechanisms.The sulphur requirement of wheat is lower than nitrogen. However, in case of sulphur deficiency, nitrogenous compounds (asparagines, glutamine) are accumulated, S-containing amino acid (sistein, methionine) synthesis and accumulation decreased in grain. Efforts to increase the Zn concentration (and Fe) in wheat grain are root uptake, root-toshoot transport, phloem loading, remobilization of Zn from source tissues into developing seeds and seed deposition of Zn.Researches provide increasing evidences about possible effects of nitrogenous fertilization on plant nitrogen mechanisms of the above mentioned factors. Recently, it has been reported that grain concentration of Zn and Fe can be enhanced by increasing the nitrogen (N) supply and N and Zn applications have a synergistic effect on grain Zn concentration of durum wheat. Zinc needs to form ligand with S-containing amino acids in order to be carried by phloem. In this study, the importance of nitrogen and sulfur nutrition on zinc and iron accumulation in the grain of wheat has emphasized

Effects of Zinc Treatments on Yield and Some Agronomic Traits of Durum Wheat Cultivars

This study was carried out to determine the effects of zinc applications on the development, yield and yield components of widespread durum wheat cultivars in Çukurova Region. Amanos-97 and Fuatbey-2000 durum wheat cultivarswere used in the research. Field experiments were performed by two different zinc application methods; via soil and via soil+foliage. In both trials, 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg Zn da-1pure zinc doses were applied to the soil. 0.4% ZnSO4.7H2O solution was used for foliar zinc applications. As a result of the research, it has been determined that application of zinc via soil and via soil+foliage is not statistically effective on plant height, biological yield, stem yield, harvest index and grain yield of durum wheat. The application of zinc via soil were found statistically significantly effective at 1% level on thousand grains weight, number of spikes per square meter and zinc concentration of the grains. As a result of the research, it has been determined that when basal soil Zn content was0.23-0.24 ppm, application of 1-2 kg da-1of zinc via soil has positive effects on grain zinc concentration, yield and yield components. It has also been determined that soil+foliar application of zinc is more effective on zinc concentration of grains

Comparison of wheat-based rotation systems and monocropping systems under dryland Mediterranean conditions

WOS: 000412990100020Mono-cropping systems consisting of general low-yielding cereals are crucial productivity constraints in dry areas of the Mediterranean region. A crop rotation consisting of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L)-chickpea (Cicer arietinum) was compared with monocropping in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. A four year crop rotation trial was set up in Adana, Turkey. A total of nine crop rotation systems of Quinoa (Q), chickpea (L) and wheat (W) were considered in this study. The four year results revealed that there was significant difference in grain and biomass yields, but no significant difference in plant height, harvest index, and 1000 grain weight of wheat among the treatments in crop rotation except number of grains per spike and soil organic matter. Continuous wheat and chickpea-wheat-chickpea-wheat (LWLW) produced significantly greater grain yield in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. QWLW and QWQW rotation produced significantly lower biomass yield in 2008/2009. The maximum biomass yield of LWLW rotation resulted in 2011/2012 growing season. Therefore, the effect of previous crop on wheat grain and biomass yield in the four years of the rotation study was significantly different. In the long run, the favorable effects of legume-based rotations on crop yields and water productivity are apparent.EU projectEuropean Union (EU) [KBBE-2008-212337]The authors would like to thank the financial support of the EU project ref. KBBE-2008-212337 (SWUP-MED) Sustainable water use securing food production in dry areas of the Mediterranean region, which allowed carrying out these experiments

The Roleof Nitrogen and Sulphur Nutrition on Zinc and Iron Transport to Wheat Grain

Research results in recent years, revealed that cereal grains are low in mineral element (zinc and iron) concentrations.Therefore, improving the quality of nutrition is required. Significant effects of nitrogen and sulphur nutritionon grain yield and protein concentration of wheat were reported. Nitrogen nutrition of plants appears to be a critical component for an effective bio-fortification of food crops with Zn and Fe due to several physiological and molecular mechanisms.The sulphur requirement of wheat is lower than nitrogen.However, in case of sulphur deficiency, nitrogenous compounds (asparagines, glutamine) are accumulated, S-containing amino acid (sistein, methionine) synthesis and accumulation decreased in grain.Efforts toincreasethe Zn concentration (and Fe) in wheat grain areroot uptake, root-to-shoot transport, phloem loading, remobilization of Zn from source tissues into developing seeds and seed deposition of Zn.Researchesprovide increasing evidences about possible effects of nitrogenous fertilization on plant nitrogen mechanisms of the above mentioned factors.Recently, it has been reported that grain concentration of Zn and Fe can be enhanced by increasing the nitrogen (N) supply and N and Zn applications have asynergistic effect on grain Zn concentration of durum wheat.Zincneeds to form ligand with S-containing amino acids in order to be carried by phloem.In this study, the importance of nitrogen and sulfur nutrition on zinc and iron accumulation in the grain of wheat has emphasized

Hatun Barut1* Sait Aykanat1 Tuğba Şimşek2 Selim Eker3

Bu çalışma Çukurova’da yaygın olarak yetiştirilen ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinin azot-kullanma etkinliklerinin (NUE) belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemeler 2000-2001 ve 2001-2002 yıllarında Doğu Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsünün Doğankent lokasyonunda yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada materyal olarak, 7 ekmeklik (Adana-99, Ceyhan-99, Yüreğir-89, Doğankent-1, Panda, Seyhan-95 ve Genç-99) ile 3 makarnalık (Amanos-97, Fuatbey-2000 ve Gediz-75) buğday çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Denemeler bölünmüş parseller deseninde 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş, azot dozları (0, 5, 10, 20 kg N da- 1) ana parsellere, buğday çeşitleri ise alt parsellere tesadüfi olarak dağıtılmıştır. Genel ortalama olarak buğday çeşitleri, %29-66 arasında NUE değerlerine sahip olmuşlardır. İki yıl yürütülen denemelerde, fazla yağışlı yıl (737.4 mm) normal yağışlı yıldan (346.7 mm) daha düşük NUE vermiştir (%58’e karşılık %34). Adana-99 ve Ceyhan-99 çeşitleri en yüksek NUE değerine ulaşmışlardır. Her iki yılda da Adana-99 ve Ceyhan-99 çeşitleri yıl ortalaması üzerinde azot-alım etkinliği (NUpE) ve azot- değerlendirme etkinliği (NUtE) göstermişlerdi

The Effect of Different Zinc Application Methods on Yield and Grain Zinc Concentration of Bread Wheat Varieties

This study was carried out to elucidate the impacts of zinc (Zn) treatments on growth, development, quality and yield of commonly sown bread wheat cultivars under field conditions of Çukurova Region. Three different bread wheat cultivars (Adana-99, Ceyhan-99 and Pandas) were experimented in randomized complete blocks-split plots experimental design with 3 replications. Field experiments were performed by two different Zn application methods; via soil and via soil+foliage. In the both trials, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 kg ha-1 pure Zn doses were applied to the soil. 0.4% ZnSO4.7H2O solution was used for foliar Zn applications. Current findings revealed that Zn treatments had significant effects on grain yield, grain Zn concentration, grain phosphorus (P) concentration and thousand grain weight of bread wheat cultivars, but significant effects were not observed on grain protein concentrations. Soil+foliar Zn treatments were more effective in improving grain Zn concentrations. It was concluded that 10- 20 kg ha-1 Zn treatment was quite effective on grain Zn concentrations