Quality of life and functional outcome after infravesical desobstruction and HIFU treatment for localized prostate cancer

Background: To evaluate quality of life, functional and oncological outcome after infravesical desobstruction and HIFU treatment for localized prostate cancer. Methods: One hundred thirty-one patients, treated with TURP and HIFU in a single institution were followed up for oncological and functional outcome. Oncological outcome was quantified by biochemical recurrence free survival using the Stuttgart and Phoenix criteria. Quality of life was assessed by usage of standardized QLQ-C30 and QLQ-PR25 questionnaires. In addition, functional questionnaires such as IPSS and IIEF-5 were used. Complications were assessed by the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: One hundred thirty-one patients with a mean age of 72.8 years (SD: 6.0) underwent HIFU for prostate cancer (29.0% low risk, 58.8% intermediate risk, 12.2% high risk). PSA nadir was 0.6 ng/ml (SD: 1.2) after a mean of 4.6 months (SD: 5.7). Biochemical recurrence free survival defined by Stuttgart criteria was 73.7%, 84.4% and 62.5% for low-, intermediate- and high-risk patients after 22.2 months. Complications were grouped according to Clavien-Dindo and occurred in 10.7% (grade II) and 11.5% (grade IIIa) of cases. 35.1% of patients needed further treatment for bladder neck stricture. Regarding incontinence, 14.3%, 2.9% and 0% of patients had de novo urinary incontinence grade I°, II° and III° and 3.8% urge incontinence due to HIFU treatment. Patients were asked for the ability to have intercourse: 15.8%, 58.6% and 66.7% of patients after non-, onesided and bothsided nervesparing procedure were able to obtain sufficient erection for intercourse, respectively. Regarding quality of life, mean global health score according to QLQ-C30 was 69.4%. Conclusion: HIFU treatment for localized prostate cancer shows acceptable oncological safety. Quality of life after HIFU is better than in the general population and ranges within those of standard treatment options compared to literature. HIFU seems a safe valuable treatment alternative for patients not suitable for standard treatment

Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Transurethral Ultrasound Ablation of Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging-guided transurethral ultrasound ablation uses directional thermal ultrasound under magnetic resonance imaging thermometry feedback control for prostatic ablation. We report 12-month outcomes from a prospective multicenter trial (TACT). Materials and methods: A total of 115 men with favorable to intermediate risk prostate cancer across 13 centers were treated with whole gland ablation sparing the urethra and apical sphincter. The co-primary 12-month endpoints were safety and efficacy. Results: In all, 72 (63%) had grade group 2 and 77 (67%) had NCCN® intermediate risk disease. Median treatment delivery time was 51 minutes with 98% (IQR 95-99) thermal coverage of target volume and spatial ablation precision of ±1.4 mm on magnetic resonance imaging thermometry. Grade 3 adverse events occurred in 9 (8%) men. The primary endpoint (U.S. Food and Drug Administration mandated) of prostate specific antigen reduction ≥75% was achieved in 110 of 115 (96%) with median prostate specific antigen reduction of 95% and nadir of 0.34 ng/ml. Median prostate volume decreased from 37 to 3 cc. Among 68 men with pretreatment grade group 2 disease, 52 (79%) were free of grade group 2 disease on 12-month biopsy. Of 111 men with 12-month biopsy data, 72 (65%) had no evidence of cancer. Erections (International Index of Erectile Function question 2 score 2 or greater) were maintained/regained in 69 of 92 (75%). Multivariate predictors of persistent grade group 2 at 12 months included intraprostatic calcifications at screening, suboptimal magnetic resonance imaging thermal coverage of target volume and a PI-RADS™ 3 or greater lesion at 12-month magnetic resonance imaging (p <0.05). Conclusions: The TACT study of magnetic resonance imaging-guided transurethral ultrasound whole gland ablation in men with localized prostate cancer demonstrated effective tissue ablation and prostate specific antigen reduction with low rates of toxicity and residual disease

native CRP and modified CRP have different effects on the development of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in apoE - knock - out - mice

Kaum eine Krankheit steht seit mehreren Jahrzehnten derart im Blickfeld der medizinischen und biochemischen Forschung wie die Arteriosklerose. Aktuellen Studien zu Folge könnte der Atherogenese ein entzündlicher Prozess zu Grunde liegen, bei dem CRP eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Frühere Untersuchungen gingen nur von einer Konformation des CRP aus. Wie in den 90er Jahren festgestellt wurde, scheint jedoch neben dem nCRP noch das mCRP zu existieren, das sich vom nCRP nicht nur durch seine Struktur, sondern auch seine Funktionen unterscheidet. Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob CRP proatherogen ist und ob es diesbezüglich Unterschiede zwischen nCRP und mCRP gibt. Hierzu wurden Versuche am etablierten ApoE(-/-) - Modell durchgeführt. Die Tiere wurden über einen Zeitraum von 8 Wochen mit nCRP bzw. mCRP in Form von wöchentlichen, subkutanen Injektionen behandelt. Anschließend wurde die Aorta ascendens histologisch und die Aorta abdominalis im Organbad untersucht, um das Ausmaß der atherosklerotischen Plaques und der endothelialen Dysfunktion zu bestimmen. Die histologischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die mit nCRP behandelten Tiere, im Vergleich zur mCRP - Gruppe, signifikant größere atherosklerotischer Plaques aufweisen. Bezüglich der endothelialen Dysfunktion konnte in Gefäßversuchen gezeigt werden, dass nCRP, jedoch nicht mCRP, die Gefäßmotilität negativ beeinflusst, was höchstwahrscheinlich auf eine verstärkte Radikalbildung durch die iNOS zurückzuführen ist. Unter Berücksichtigung der Gefäßversuche und der histologischen Ergebnisse, behaupten wir, dass nCRP die Entstehung atherosklerotischer Plaques in ApoE(-/-) - Mäusen beschleunigt, mCRP hingegen diesbezüglich protektiv wirkt. Die von uns durchgeführte Studie am ApoE(-/-) - Modell ist das erste mCRP - in vivo - Modell zur Atherosklerose. Weitere Untersuchungen diesbezüglich sind nötig, um unsere Hypothese zu untermauern und den zugrunde liegenden Mechanismus besser verstehen zu können und um Herauszufinden, ob mCRP auch unter anderen tierexperimentellen Bedingungen protektive Eigenschaften bezügliche der Atherogenese besitzt und ob sich für mCRP in Zukunft vielleicht sogar therapeutische Konsequenzen ergeben

Application technique: placement of a prostate-rectum spacer in men undergoing prostate radiation therapy

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Different spacing agents have been tested to reduce incidential radiation exposure of the rectum during radiotherapy to the prostate. These agents all had certain drawbacks; either the created space was too small or the agents used did not stay in place during radiotherapy treatment. The study describes the transperineal injection technique of a spacing agent in detail. Furthermore it shows the safety and efficacy of the spacing hydrogel used and shows that it overcomes some of the drawbacks of the previously examined spacing agents

Expression and Functional Characterization of the BNIP3 Protein in Renal Cell Carcinomas

BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3) is a BH3-only protein that regulates apoptosis and autophagy. BNIP3 plays also an important role in hypoxia-induced cell response and is regulated by HIF1. Here, we studied a possible association of BNIP3 expression and the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and examined the functional relevance of BNIP3 in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis of renal carcinoma cells. BNIP3 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in RCC tumor tissue samples of 569 patients using a tissue microarray. Functional characterization of BNIP3 in renal carcinoma cells indicates prosurvival effects. In human RCC tumor samples, high cytoplasmic BNIP3 expression was associated with high-grade RCCs and regional lymph node metastasis. BNIP3 expression correlated negatively with disease-specific survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis retained BNIP3 expression as an independent prognostic factor in patients without distant metastasis. Together, our studies imply that BNIP3 regulates cell survival in RCCs and its expression is an independent prognostic marker in patients with localized RCCs

Interdisciplinary consensus statement on indication and application of a hydrogel spacer for prostate radiotherapy based on experience in more than 250 patients

The aim of the study was to reach a consensus on indication and application of a hydrogel spacer based on multicentre experience and give new users important information to shorten the learning curve for this innovative technique