The Grizzly, November 16, 2023

Fantastic Strings Ensemble • Crossword • Celebration of Lights (In Photos) • A Conversation With Ursinus\u27 Archivist, Carolyn Weigel • Food Forest Continues to Grow • The Creative Collegeville Italian Bakery • From Opponent to Family Member: Natalie Mehl\u27s Journey • Ursinus Football Punches Their Ticket to the Postseasonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/2022/thumbnail.jp

Ultrasound-guided lumbar medial branch blocks and intra-articular facet joint injections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

There is great interest in expanding the use of ultrasound (US), but new challenges exist with its application to lumbar facet-targeted procedures. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the risk of incorrect needle placement associated with US-guided lumbar medial branch blocks (MBB) and facet joint injections (FJI) as confirmed by fluoroscopy or computerized tomography (CT). An a priori protocol was registered, and a database search was conducted. Inclusion criteria included all study types. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood tool for assessing risk bias for observational cohort studies. Pooled analysis of the risk difference (RD) of incorrect needle placement was calculated. Pooled analysis of 7 studies demonstrated an 11% RD

Internal and External Barriers to Energy Efficiency: Made-to-Measure Policy Interventions

This paper has two objectives. First it provides a correlation between internal and external barriers to energy efficiency and consumer behaviour related to two domains. It evaluates behaviour related to energy curtailment, which represents routine, repetitive effort to decrease consumption on a day-to-day basis. It also considers behaviour related to investments, which are one time actions such as purchasing new energy efficiency technologies.. Second, it assesses the effectiveness of the different interventions and programs in addressing the two types of barriers (internal and external) with the aim of informing the policy debate. By assessing the value of a large number of interventions, this paper is one of the first that combines in a unified framework the main findings of different disciplines, from economics to psychology