Pseudomoniasis phytotherapy: A review on most important Iranian medicinal plants effective on Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium found in water and soil. It is a normal flora in skin and gastrointestinal tract of human beings. P. aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen involved in nosocomial infections having multiple pathogenic factors and shows high rate of resistance to different antibiotics. The aim of this study was to identify the most important native medicinal plants of Iran effective on P. aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: All required information was obtained by searching keywords such as P. aeruginosa, medicinal plant extracts or essential oils in published articles in authentic scientific databases such as Science Direct, Wiley-Blackwell, Springer, Google scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID) and Magiran. Results: According to the literature review, our results showed 12 different native medicinal plants were effective against P. aeruginosa in Iran including Eucalyptus camadulensis, Marticaria chamomilla, Ferula gummosa Boiss, Lawsonia inermis, Ocimumgra tissimum, Allium sativum, Satureja hortensis L, Satureja bachtiarica Bunge, Satureja khuzestanica (Jamzad), Thymus daenensis Celak, Thymus carmanicus Jalals and Camellia sinensis. Conclusion: Phytochemical analysis has shown that bioactive compounds of medicinal plants with their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties can be good alternatives for the synthetic medicines in food and drug industry. © Tehran University of Medical Science. All rights reserved

Herbal and chemical drugs effective on malaria

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A survey on peroxide content and acidity level of persian doughnuts in lorestan province, West of Iran

There are different chemical food contaminations that cause detrimental effects on human health. For example, presence of peroxide in fried foods causes free radical formation. Free radicals are not only responsible for food spoilage, but also cause damage to body tissues and cancer, inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, aging and so on. The aim of this study was to evaluate the peroxide content and acidity level in Zoolbia and Bamiehin of Lorestan province, West of Iran. 120 samples of Zoolbia and Bamieh doughnuts were purchased of Lorestan province distribution centers, during March 2014 to March 2015 and handled to Laboratory for chemical analysis and determination of their peroxide value and acidity. Present descriptive study results showed 56.92 and 43.07 % of the samples were out of standard limit and not suitable for consumption due to high levels of peroxides and acidity, respectively. The lowest and highest peroxide value were 1.1 and 2.9 mEq/kg, respectively. The minimum and maximum acidity of the samples were 0.7 and 2.9 wt%, respectively. Obtained results showed high peroxide contents in Persian doughnuts in Lorestan province than standard limit. Therefore, it seems educational programs about nutrition and using proper method for cooking and frying of foods is necessary. Continuous planning and surveillance, providing practical solutions by health authorities and regulatory organs, training of food staffs, using oils a few times and especial for food frying are recommended to reduce the peroxide content in Persian doughnuts (Zoolbia and Bamieh)

A review on most important herbal and synthetic antihelmintic drugs

Parasites and parasitic diseases are widely spread in the world. Their adverse effects on health and social economic society cause tremendous public health problems. Parasitic infections in different ways (water, soil, food and vegetables) can affect humans and induce other complications such as gastrointestinal disorders, malnutrition, anemia and allergies and sometimes even life threatening. Medicinal plants are being widely used, either as a single drug or in combination with synthetic drugs. These medicinal plants are considered as a valuable source of unique natural products and drugs for development of medicines against various disorders and diseases. In this article the recently published papers about medicinal plants and parasites were reviewed, using scientific sites such as Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar. The used terms included: herbal medicine, medicinal plants, and antihelmintic drugs, antinematoda, anticestoda, antitrematoda. From the above collected literature it might be concluded that these plants are promising potential sources for preparation of new drugs or for pharmacological and therapeutic applications

Histamine determination in Koopeh cheese in West-Azerbaijan province by HPLC

Histamine as a primary heterocyclic amine has an important role in human physiology particularly in nervous system as a chemical mediator and neurotransmitter that was found in many foods such as cheese, milk, meat, fish, beer, wine and vegetables. Increasing of histamine concentration in foods is often related to low quality of raw materials, contamination, improper food processing or storage. Therefore, the amount of histamine content is used as a good indicator of hygienic quality in foods and the degree of freshness or spoilage of foods. Histamine can cause symptoms in sensitive consumers such as: redness of face, sweating, palpitations, headache, oral burning and bright red rashes. Cheese provides an ideal environment for the production of proteolytic releases of free amino acids and biogenic amines such as histamine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of histamine in Koopeh cheese as one of the most popular types of traditional cheeses made from raw sheep milk or sometimes cow milk in West-Azerbaijan province, Iran. Experiments conducted by HPLC method on 70 samples of traditional Koopeh cheese revealed that the least amount of histamine was 2.43 ppm and the highest value was estimated at 1102.24 ppm. The average amount of histamine in cheese samples was 304.23 ± 150.89 ppm. Histamine production in cheese and other foods is based on the presence and growth of decarboxylase-positive microorganisms. Therefore, providing guidelines that reduce the population of these types of microorganisms will be effective on decreasing the amount of biogenic amines and histamine in particular

A survey on microbial quality of herbal distillates in Isfahan, central of Iran

Studies have shown that over than 80 of the people in the world use traditional drugs to treat their diseases. Regarding to high consumption and pharmaceutical use of herbal extracts, microbial qualities of eight herbal extracts including lavender, Fumaria parviflora, pussy, cumin, mint, camel's thorn, rose water and Melissa officinalis were investigated in this study. 64 samples of eight type herbal extracts retailed in Isfahan markets were purchased randomly and their total bacterial count, including contamination with coliforms, sulphite reducing Clostridium, Entrococci, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, molds and yeasts were evaluated according to Iranian national standard protocols. 37 of total samples were unacceptable and not consumable compared with the protocol of the national standard of Iran. Forty numbers of samples (63 of total samples) were acceptable and consumable. For improving the quality of herbal extracts, good observations based on hygienic conditions and applying good manufacturing practices, good harvesting practices, safe handling and storage during preparation and distribution are necessary. © 2014 Vasile Goldis University Press

Evaluation of bacterial and fungal contamitation of commerically produced cake in Urmia, northwest of Iran

Disease caused by consumption of contaminated food always has been a problem around the world and annual expenses spent on improving these conditions. Cake because of ingredients has great potential to be contaminated with many types of microbes. The purpose of this study is to determine microbial contamination of the cake is produced in Urmia. 200 cakes were prepared randomization from commercial cake factories in Urmia city and according to national standards survey was performed rate and type of bacterial and fungal infection. The study revealed 100 of samples were contaminated with mold and yeast but the infection was allowed and standard. Fortunately, 100 samples abut bacteria, Entrobacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, positive coagulase, Escherichia coli and salmonella were negative. Training and supervision on the process of health production and better maintenance and package commercial cake is essential for health community. © 2015 Vasile Goldis University Press

Investigating of the bacteriological contamination in traditionally manufactured ice creams in Urmia city

Ice cream is a popular dairy product especially in warm seasons. Due to its lengthy shelf life, it is considered as one of the potentially high-risk foods in transmission of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination of ice cream in Urmia city. To achieve this goal, Urmia city was divided into four regions based on scattering of the ice cream retailers. Afterwards, 144 samples were purchased from traditional retails using cluster sampling method. Bacterial contamination of the samples was analyzed according to the procedures of the Iranian National Standards. Based on the results, 78% of the samples contained the load of contamination higher than 4.2 × 107 CFU/g. Moreover, 82.9% of the samples were contaminated with more than 10 CFU of Enterobacteriaceae per gram. Results also revealed that 52.2% and 2.8% of the samples were contaminated with E. coli and coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples. High microbial contaminations in traditional ice creams represent non-hygienic practices at different stages of production

Antimicrobial effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and mallow (Malva sylvestris) hydroalcholic extracts on four pathogen bacteria

Antibiotic resistance is growing and has limited ability of physicians to treat some infectious diseases. Discovery of new antibiotics or semi-synthetic derivatives affecting on resistant infections are main objectives for treatment of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial activity of Hydro-alcoholic extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Mallow (Malva sylvestris) against Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenesis as a number of important factors and infectious microorganisms. Antimicrobial effects of Hydro-alcoholic extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Mallow (Malva sylvestris) was evaluated by micro-plate dilution and disk diffusion methods. MIC of ginger extract for Staphylococcus aureus, Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Listeria monocytogenesis were 52, 52, 416 1nd 52 μg/ml and MBC of this extract were 104, 104, 416 and 104 μg/ml, respectively. Growth inhibition zone of ginger extract for these bacteria were 16, 9, 7 and 8 mm, respectively. Mallow extract had no antibacterial effects on studied bacteria. Obtained results showed ginger extract can be introduced as bioactive antibiotic in traditional medicine, microbiology and pharmacology sciences