Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (SR)

The HOME FAST-SR is a self report version of the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool. It contains more detailed items to assist an older person to make their own evaluation of their falls risk due to home hazards in their home environment, compared to the HOME FAST - HP which is designed for use by health professionals. This document also includes instructions for how to transform the data from the HOME FAST-SR to the equivalent HOME FAST-HP score

Participation of Iranian Cerebral Palsy Children in Life Areas: A Systematic Review Article

How to Cite This Article: Pashmdarfard M, Amini M, Hassani Mehraban A. Participation of Iranian Cerebral Palsy Children in Life Areas: A Systematic Review. Iran J Child Neurol. Winter 2017; 11(1):1-12. AbstractObjectiveCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of chronic disability that restricts participation in areas of occupations for children. The main aim of rehabilitation is enhancement of their clients for participation in occupations. The aim of this study was to overview of the factors influencing the participations of children with CP in Iran. Materials & MethodsA systematic, evidence-based process (Duffy 2005) was used. For data gathering electronic databases including Google scholar and Iranian and foreigner famous journals in the fields of pediatrics, were used. The main key words for search were Activity of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL), play, leisure, work, rest/sleep, social participation, and education. All the papers of this study were about the factors influencing the participation of Iranian CP children during 2000-2016. Totally, 156 articles were found eligible as for Iranian CP children study, of which 100 articles were discarded. Because of repetitive and duplicability of some articles, 17 articles were removed as well. ResultsThe most studies about Iranian CP children participations in life areas were in the ADL area of participation (N=12), and the lowest articles were in the area in the field of: Work (N=2), play (N=2), and sleep/rest (N=2). Most of the occupational therapists do not focus on the all life areas. ConclusionIn Iran, many researchers do not pay attention to the participation of CP children. Many articles just paid attention to the sensory, motor or cognitive components of their clients.Refereneces1.Trabacca A, Vespino T, Di Liddo A, Russo L. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for patients with cerebralpalsy: improving long-term care. J Multidiscip Health c 2016;22(9):455-462.2. shubhra M, Deborah J. cerebral palsy. In: Braddom RL, editors. physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 3rd ed.Elsevier; 2007. p.1243-61. 3. Van Nieuwenhuizen O, Platenga NJ, Kasteel TE. Epilepsy in cerebral palsy: etiology, classification and prevalence. Europe Paed Neural Soc 1997;1(2-3):111-5.4. Oriady Zanjani M. Cerebral palsy in viewpoint of speech language pathology nature, assessment and treatment. Hamedan: Nooreelm; 2005.5. Joghataei M, Kazem M. Assessment the level of community needs in welfare services on the wholecountry. 1st ed. Tehran: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences; 1990.p.123-5.6. Vohr BR, Wright LL, Dusick AM. Differences and outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2004;113(4):781-9.7. sharifi A, Kamali M, Chabok A. Rehabilitation Needs of People with Cerebral Palsy: a qualitativeStudy. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2014;28:1-10.8. labaf S, Shamsoddini A, Hollisaz MT, Sobhani V, Shakibaee A. Effects of Neurodevelopmental Therapy onGross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Iran J Child Neurol 2015;9(1):36-41.9. Shamsoddini A. comparison between the effect of neurodevelopmental treatment and sensory integration therapy on gross motor function in children with Cerebral Palsy. Iran J Child Neurology 2010;14(1):31-8.10. American Occupational Therapy Association. Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process, 3rd Edition. Am J Occup Therapy 2014;48:3-48.11. Bradley L, Law M. systematically reviewing the evidence. In: Law M, editors. Evidence-based rehabilitation: A guide to practice. 2nd ed. USA: Slack Incorporated; 2008. p.143-7.12. Dalvand H, Dehghan L, Feizy A, Amirsalai S, Bagheri H. Effects of the bobath technique, conductive education and education to parents in activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy. Hong Kong J Occup Therapy 2009;19(1):14–9. 13. Nurani Gharaborghe S, Sarhady M, Hosseini SMS, Mortazavi SS. Relationship between Quality of Life and Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy (Ages 4-12) Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 2015;37(2):48-53. 14. Afshar S, Rassafiani M, Hosseini S.A. Effect of Occupational Therapy Home Program on Activities of Daily Living of 5-12 Years Old Children. J Rehabil 2013 13(4):117-23.15. Lewandowska A, Zajchowska J, Iwaniszyn J, Huk J, Świeboda P, Filip R. Functioning of the family of a child suffering from cerebral palsy. J Pre-Clin Clin Res. 2012; 6(1): 50-53.16. Razavi Afzal Z-S, Rassafiani M, Sarfaraz Z, Malekpour M, Salehi, M. A Survey on caregivers’ knowledge about special caring for 1-to-5 year-old children with cerebral palsy and their compliance with these practices. J Res Rehabil Sci 2013;9(4):618-28.17. Rassafiani M, Sahaf R. Hypertonicity in Children with Cerebral Palsy: a New Perspective. Iran Rehabil J 2011;9:66-74.18. Poursadoughi A, Dadkhah A, Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi M, Biglarian A. Psycho-Rehabilitation Method (Dohsahou) and Quality of Life in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Iran Rehabil J 2015;13(2):28-33.19. Salehi Dehno N, Noorizadeh Dehkordi S, Dadgoo M, Salehi M. Association between spasticity and the level of motor function with quality of life in community dwelling Iranian young adults with spastic cerebral palsy. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2012;26(4):150-6.20. Noori M, Pishyareh E, Hosseini SA, Akbarfahimi N, Rahgozar M. Relationship between upper extremity function and quality of life in the children with spastic cerebral palsy in Capital of Iran. Pajouhan Scientific Journal 2015;13(3):41-8.21. Dalvand H, Rassafiani M, Hosseini S.A. Handling challenges in the children with cerebral palsy: A qualitative content analysis. J Res Rehabil Sci 2013;9(8):1267-80. 22. Balouchy R, Ghaeni S. Physical Fitness of The Children Infected With Cerebral Paralysis Through A work-group of “Therapists - Children - Parents”. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences 2009;17(3):16-23. 23. Dalvand H, Rassafiani M, Hosseini S.A. Handling in the Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Review of Ideas and Practices (A Literature Review). J Rehabil 2012;13(5):8- 17.24. Hassani M, Hassani Mehraban A, Taghizadeh G, Aliabadi F, Ramezani S. Enjoyment of participation in formal and informal activities among students with cerebral palsy and healthy students. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2015;19(3):160-7.25. Nobakht Z, Rassafiani M, Rezasoltani P. Influence of child’s disability on encountering environmental barriers to Participation of children with cerebral palsy. J Res Rehabil Sci 2013;9(2):286-94.26. Ghasemzadeh R, Kamali M, Chabok A, Falahi M, Shirani M. Accessibility to the public facilities: a mean to achieve civil rights of the people with disabilities in Iran. Iran Rehabil J 2008;6(7,8):73-82.27. PourRanjbar M, Keshavarz L, Sharifian E, Farahani A. Barriers for Wheelchair-User Disabled People to Participate in Leisure Physical Activities in Southeast of Iran. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences 2015;22(5):555-68.28. Hassani Mehraban A, Hassani M, Amini M. The Comparison of Participation in School-Aged Cerebral Palsy Children and normal Peers: A Preliminary Study. Iran J Pediatr 2016 June; 26(3):e5303. doi: 10.5812/ijp.530329. Nobakht Z, Rassafiani M, Rezasoltani P, Sahaf R, Yazdani F. Environmental barriers to social participation of children with cerebral palsy in Tehran. Iran Rehabil J 2013;11:40-5.30. Abbaskhanian A , Rashedi V , Delpak A, Vameghi R, Gharib M. Rehabilitation Interventions for Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Rev 2015;3(1):1-8.31. Amini M, Hassani Mehraban A, Haghni H, Asgharnezhad AA, Khayatzadeh Mahani M. Development and validation of Iranian children’s participation assessment scale. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2016 (20 February). Vol. 30:333. 32. Rosenberg L, Jarus T, Bart O. Development and initial validation of the children participation questionnaire(CPQ). Disability Rehabil 2010;32(20):1633-44.33. Amini M, Hassani Mehraban A, Rostamzade O. Translation, cultural adaptation, face, content and convergent validity of children participation questionnaire into Persian. J Rehabil Med 2016; 5(2): 151-157.34. Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Kazemnejad A, Akbar Fahimi N, Nobakht Z, Rassafiani M. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children. Iran J Child Neurol 2015;9(1):76-86

Construct Validity and Reliability of the Children Participation Assessment Scale-Child version in Children with Physical Disabilities

Objective This study was conducted to determine the construct validity and reliability of the Children Participation Assessment Scale in activities outside of School–Child version (CPAS-C) in 6-12-year-old children with physical disabilities (PDs) Materials & Methods In this methodological study, participants were 100 children with PDs, recruited from a school for exceptional children with physical-motor disabilities and 100 normally developing children. For assessing the test-retest reliability (ICC), 40 children with PDs completed CPAS-Cwithin a two-week interval, and for assessing the internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and construct validity, 100 children with PDs separately completed the Vinland Adaptive Behavioral Scale (VABS) and CPAS-C. Result The majority of participants were children with CP, among whom the highest and lowest ratios were related to diplegia (32%) and dystonia (1%), respectively. The results showed that CPAS-C had acceptable reliability (ICC: 0.6-0.99). Cronbach’s α score was between weak to moderate (α = 0.25-0.75). The difference in the score of participation between the two groups (normally developing children and children with physical disabilities) was significant in all areas (P<0.001). Conclusion The CPAS-C had acceptable psychometric properties; it can be used as a valid and reliable tool for assessing the participation of 6-12-yearold children with PDs in school activitie

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers-short Version in Patients with Stroke

Background: Considering the prevalence of stroke, an economical and reliable questionnaire is needed for use in research and rehabilitation to measure the amount of burden on caregivers of stroke patients. True to our knowledge, there is no exclusive Persian language instrument for assessing the burden of stroke caregivers. The current study investigated the validity and reliability of the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers-short version (BSFC-s) for stroke patients’ caregivers.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 51 stroke patients and their caregivers were studied using the above-named questionnaire translated from English into Persian. Construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by Spearman and Eta correlation. Cronbach’s Alfa was used to assess internal consistency. Factorial structure was evaluated by exploratory analysis.Results: The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.93, and the questionnaire’s internal consistency was 0.93. The construct validity of the questionnaire was acceptable.Conclusions: In general, it can be said that this questionnaire has a good structure for assessing the burden of caregivers. In addition, by 10 items we can consider this questionnaire as an economically viable option in research and practice

Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease in Elder People Using Gait Analysis and Kinect Camera

Introduction: Gait analysis using modern technology for detection of Alzheimer's disease has found special attention by researchers over the last decade. In this study, skeletal data recorded with a Kinect camera, were used to analyze gait for the purpose of detecting Alzheimer's disease in elders. Method: In this applied-developmental experimental study, using a Kinect camera, data were collected for 12 elderly women with Alzheimer's disease and 12 healthy elderly women walking in an oval path. After extracting various features of gait, descriptive analysis was performed to compare the features between the healthy and patient groups. Then, a support vector machine classifier was designed to detect elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. Results: The comparison of extracted features from skeletal data of gait using Kinect camera in this study indicate that the results are matched with previous findings from systems based on other types of sensors. The accuracy, sensitivity, precision and specificity of system designed in the present study for classifying elders with Alzheimer's disease and healthy elders were 91.25%, 93.4484%, 90.5945% and 93.581% respectively. Conclusion: In addition to descriptive analysis of gait, by using machine learning methods such as support vector machine classifier, elderly people with Alzheimer's disease can be detected based on features extracted from skeletal data of Elderly people

Life balance of mothers of children with cerebral palsy

Purpose: Having the child with Cerebral palsy is a very stressful experience for the family that could affect daily patterns and routines, habits, needs and occupational performances of all family members specially mothers. This study aimed to investigate life balance of mothers of children with Cerebral palsy (MCCPs) based on the Life Balance Model. Method: Fifty MCCPs aged 3 to 9 years with sample convenient method participated in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. The Severity of cerebral palsy was determined by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and the life balance of mothers was evaluated by Persian version of the LBI (P_LBI). The collected data were evaluated and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The total mean score of LBI and its subscales showed that there is no balanced or very balanced life in mothers and they could be categorized to unbalanced (n = 21) and very unbalanced (n = 29). The total mean score of LBI was 1.46. χ2 test revealed statistically significant difference between two categories (unbalanced and very unbalanced) of mothers regarding GMFCS level (p = 0.009). Also, the total mean score of LBI and its subscales showed no significant difference between two categories (unbalanced and very unbalanced) regarding mother job and age and child age (p > 0.05) but it has significant difference regarding mother education (p = 0.009). Evaluation of the results of LBI and its different subscales indicated that the life balance at balanced or very balanced levels was not observed in any of the studied mothers, and they could be categorized in 2 groups of unbalanced (21 mothers ) and very unbalanced (29 mothers) (Table 2). Discussion: Based on the result of this study, mothers of Cerebral Palsy do not experience balanced life and this feeling of unbalance is related to the level of their child’s disability. Thus, it is necessary to consider this fact in family-centered evaluations and Occupational therapy interventions

Validation of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) based on the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF): A pilot study

Fieldwork education is an integral part of the educational process in occupational therapy and assessing student competency at the end of fieldwork is important. The aim of this study was to design and conduct an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) based on the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF) for occupational therapy students on Level II fieldwork in Iran. A seven-station OSCE was designed and conducted with 13 students. Face and content validity of the exam scenarios and grading checklists was assessed via faculty review. The correlation between scores from each station and total OSCE scores were obtained to assess construct validity. Inter-rater reliability between two independent examiners at each OSCE station was determined. The participants’ (including both students and examiners) reactions to and learning from the exam was assessed using a self-report questionnaire that included participants\u27 attitudes, satisfaction, and emotional response to the OSCE. Finally, a focus group of 12 examiners was conducted to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the exam. It was ascertained that the OSCE had good and acceptable face, content, and construct validity as well as inter-examiner reliability. All students reported that the exam was stressful, and most students (n=8, 61%) and examiners (n=5, 42%) reported there was not enough time for each station. Strength and weaknesses of the exam as related to the exam condition, exam content, students, and examiners were reported. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results, in order to use OSCE as a method of evaluating occupational therapy students, some changes should be applied

Comparsion of participation Patterns between children with cerebral palsy and healthy children in out of school activities

Introduction: Participation in childhood everyday occupations is essential for health development of all children Regardless of ability or disability. The purpose of this study was Comparsion of participation patterrns between children with cerebral palsy and healthy children 7-15 years old.   Materials &Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 children with cerebral palsy from special education school and 40 healthy children from typical schools through simple non propebly sampling were selected. Participation was evaluated with the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). The data were analyzed by spss17.   Results: There were significant differences between children with cerebral palsy and health subject group in diversity and intensity for all of scales only recreational activities (p£0.001). children with CP participated in skill-based (p<0.001) and active physical activities alone than healthy children (p<0.01). children with CP participated proportionally less in places out of home than healthy subjects for most of activities (p£0.001). the main effects of gender and interaction effect between group type and gender was significant only in diversity of active physical activities CAPE variables (p<0.05).  Conclusion: The participation of health subjects in most activities was more than children with cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy can affect participation patterns of children and youth in everyday activities.  Keywords: participation pattern, cerebral palsy, out of school activitie

The Effect of Virtual Reality Practice on Postural Control and Balance in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Study

Objectives: Virtual reality is a new technology that has been recently used for different purposes in the rehabilitation of children. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this method in balance rehabilitation of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Methods: This was an A-B-A design single subject study in which 3 children with hemiplegic CP participated. The baseline phase and intervention phase, lasted 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Then, the secondary evaluation phase was held at an evaluation session. Intervention sessions as the baseline phase were repeated 3 times a week. In each session, children performed different computer games with displacement of the center of pressure in frontal and sagittal planes (for 21 min). The secondary evaluation phase of this study was held 2 to 3 months after the completion of the intervention phase. The changes made in this study were evaluated by assessment tools of Pediatric Reach Test (PRT), Single Limb Stance (SLS), Plate sensitive to pressure of Biometrics Ltd E-LINK force plate, and Activity Scale for Kids (ASK). Finally, the results were evaluated by C static and the visual analysis method.  Results: Comparison of the results of PRT, ASK and the evaluation of planes sensitive to pressure of Biometrics Ltd E-LINK in all 3 phases revealed the significant improvement of dynamic balance and the enhancement of the independence performance of children in daily living activities and the sustainability of the recovery in the secondary evaluation phase. Although, the SLS test results and data of force Plate indicated no significant improvements in the static balance of patients. Discussion: The study results suggest that weight shift exercises with the use of virtual reality can effectively improve the dynamic balance of children with CP. However, it fails to make a significant change in the static balance of these children

The Effect of Group-Based Occupational Therapy on Performance and Satisfaction of Stroke Survivors: Pilot Trail, Neuro-Occupational View

Introduction: Stroke imposes limitations on performing activities of daily living (ADL) and their level. Different therapeutic approaches are used for improving the level of performance after a stroke. This study was performed with the aim of evaluating the effect of group-based occupational therapy on improving the performance of ADL and satisfaction of its performance in patients with chronic strokes. Methods: Fourteen chronic stroke patients with the mean age of 52 years participated in the study. The participants were assigned into two groups (control and treatment). The level of performance of ADL, level of stroke disability, and participation were respectively evaluated by Barthel index (BI), modified Rankin scale (MRS), and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Six sessions of group therapy tasks were scheduled with an emphasis on three main activities, including mobility exercises, craft, and cooking. Results: The COPM changes in the &lsquo;performance&rsquo; and &lsquo;satisfaction&rsquo; scores in the treatment group and the &lsquo;performance&rsquo; scores in the control group were significant. The MRS scale in the two groups revealed no change in the level of stroke disability. However, the changes in the ADL performance in BI were significant. Conclusion: The current study indicated that doing daily, craft, and mobility activities in the groups can affect the &lsquo;performance&rsquo; and &lsquo;satisfaction&rsquo; levels in stroke patients