Micro scalar patterning for printing ultra fine solid lines in flexographic printing process

This research focuses on the study of ultra-fine solid lines printing by using Micro-flexographic machine which is combination of flexography and micro-contact printing technique. Flexography is one of the famous and high speed roll to roll printing techniques that are possible to create graphic and electronic device on variable substrates. Micro-contact printing is a low cost technique that usually uses for micro to nano scale image especially in fine solid lines image structure. Graphene is nano material that can be used as printing ink which usually uses in producing micro to nano scale electronic devices. Lanthanum is a rare earth metal that has potential in printing industry. The combination of both printing techniques is known as Micro-flexographic printing has been successfully produced the lowest fine solid lines width and gap. The new printing technique could print fine solid lines image below 10 μm on biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) substrate by using graphene as printing ink. The Micro-flexographic printing technique has been successfully printed fine solid lines with 2.6 μm width. This study also elaborates the imprint lithography process in achieving micro down to nano fine solid lines structure below 10 μm. In an additional, the lanthanum target has been successful printed on variable substrates with good surface adhesion property. This research illustrates the ultra-fine solid lines printing capability for the application of printing electronic, graphic and bio-medical

Port Injection Of Biomass Producer Gas From Downdraft Gasifier In A Diesel Engine

Producer gas (PG), generated from thermo-chemical conversion process of biomass gasification has been proven to be used as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engine. However, major problems of PG when used as fuel in internal combustion engine are loss of power or engine derating and high exhaust emissions due to incomplete combustion. The most possible reasons are due to low heating value of PG itself and low energy density of PG-air mixture as compared to other alternative gaseous fuel. Based on literature studies, the main factors influencing power output from internal combustion engine fuelled with PG, particularly diesel engine are compression ratio, heating value of PG and the way of air is introduced into the engine cylinder. The method of increasing air density into engine cylinder has been selected, and the present research work deals with supercharging the diesel engine fuelled by PG under dual fuel mode with advanced fuel injection timing. Both PG from downdraft gasifier and air were compressed separately, and simultaneously injected and mixed into the engine’s cylinder via port injection. The experiments were carried out at a constant injection pressure of 200 kPa, with varying injection flow rates of both PG and air at different engine speeds and loads. The effects of fuel injection timing and supercharged on the performance, combustion characteristics and exhaust emission of single cylinder diesel engine have been experimentally investigated. Comparisons were made on diesel fuel alone, xx premixed dual fuel diesel/PG with naturally aspirated (NA) mode, premixed dual fuel diesel/PG and diesel-vegetable oil blends/PG with supercharged (SC) mode of operation. Experiments were conducted at standard 14° and advanced fuel injection timings of 17°, 20° and 23° crank angle before top dead centre. The important finding from this experiment is a major reduction of power derating that ranges between 28.12%-31.37% in a conventional premixed dual fuel D/PG with NA mode to 1.64%-6.41% in premixed dual fuel D/PG with SC mode of operations. Experimental results show that combination of using SC method and advanced fuel injection timing in dual fuel PG engine, brake thermal efficiency and diesel displacement were found increased significantly. There is a significant reduction in specific energy consumption, exhaust gas temperature, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emissions. It was also observed a reduction in ignition delay and increased in cylinder peak pressure of premixed dual fuel D/PG in SC mode as compared to NA mode of operation

The detection and comparison of antimicrobial resistance pattern of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and Salmonella isolated from eggs of commercial layers and free-range chickens

The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and Salmonella in eggs produced by free-range chickens and commercial layers was compared to establish the microbial safety of the food and to determine if management, especially feeding management and the environment, playa role in the occurrence of the two organisms. The isolates were subjected to an antibiotic sensitivity test to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern. It was observed that there was a slight difference in the occurrence of the organisms and in the pattern of antibiotic resistance of isolates from free-range chickens' eggs and those from commercial layers. Enterococcus was detected in 10% and 7.7% of eggs from commercial layers and free-range chickens respectively. Salmonella spp occurred in 7.5% and 12.8% of commercial layers and free-range chicken eggs, respectively. The study suggests that free-range eggs may not be as wholesome as often believed and that the environment plays an important role in the development of antibiotic resistance

Development of coated peanut separator and frying skillet machine

Coated peanut which known as Kacang Bersalut Istimewa Deqyoung is a product made from groundnut mix with flour and special spices. Currently, there are some issues with the product that slow down the production process. The groundnut is sticking and become like a ping pong size ball and the time consuming to fry is longer. Coated peanut separator and frying skillet machine can overcome the problems and able to increase the production. Furthermore, the machine aim to facilitate workers to carry out their duties and to assist small and medium industries (SMEs) in Malaysia. The design convenient, determination of the material selection and the main components that help to operate the machine are the main aspects have been considered. Design analysis helps to identify the capability of the machine when the forces act at some main parts of the machine. The comparison between manual method and semi-automatic method shows that the production increase. By using semi-automatic method of production, the increment shows almost 84 percent of production compares to manual method

Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies on the Exchange Process of n-Hexanol and Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) Micelles

Kinetic studies using ultrasonic relaxation method in the mixed micellar solutions of n-hexanol dan cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide have shown a well-defined single relaxation. This is associated with the exchange process involving the partitioning of alcohol with the mixed micelle. The equilibrium measurement which monitors the monomer concentration of n-hexanol was measured using head space analysis involving gas chromatography. The combined relaxation and equilibrium data were analysed using a phenomenological treatment in which the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters were evaluated for the exchange process. The main conclusion from this work is that the association of n-hexanol to the the mixed micelles is almost a diffusion controlled process

Statistical Malay Dependency Parser for Knowledge Acquisition Based on Word Dependency Relation

AbstractOne of the common problems faced when processing information gathered from any natural language is the “semantic gap” where the “meaning” of the sentences is not exactly extracted. In Malay Natural Language Processing (NLP), as our knowledge, there is no existing Malay Parser that can be used to develop a knowledge acquisition feature to extract “meaning” from Malay articles based-on syntactic relations. This relation is basically the relation between a word and its dependents. This paper will examine the Dependency Grammar (DG) for developing Malay Grammar Parser and discuss the possibilities of developing probabilistic dependency Malay parser using the projected syntactic relation from annotated English corpus. The English side of a parallel corpus, project the analysis to the second language (Malay). Thus, the rules for adaptation from English DG to Malay DG will be defined. The projected tree structure in Malay will be used in training a stochastic analyzer. The training will produce a set of tree lattices which contains chunks of dependency trees for Malay attached with their probability value. A decoder will be developed to test the lattices. A DG for a new Malay sentence is built by combining the pre-determined lattices according to their plausible highest probability of combination

The utilisation of palm oil and oil palm residues and the related challenges as a sustainable alternative in biofuel, bioenergy, and transportation sector: a review.

The importance of energy demands that have increased exponentially over the past century has led to the sourcing of other ideal power solutions as the potential replacement alternative to the conventional fossil fuel. However, the utilisation of fossil fuel has created severe environmental issues. The identification of other renewable sources is beneficial to replace the energy utilisation globally. Biomass is a highly favourable sustainable alternative to renewable resources that can produce cleaner, cheaper, and readily available energy sources in the future. The palm oil industry is essentially ideal for the availability of abundant biomass resources, where the multifaceted residues are vital for energy production through the conversion of biomass waste into value-added products simultaneously. This article discusses the utilisation of palm oil and its residues in the energy and transportation sector. Assessment and evaluation on the feasibility of palm oil and its residues were made on the current valorisation methods such as thermochemical and biochemical techniques. Their potential as transportation fuels were concurrently reviewed. This is followed by a discussion on future challenges of palm oil industries that will take place globally, including the prospects from government and nongovernment organisations for the development of palm oil as a sustainable alternative replacement to fossil fuel. Hence, this review aims to provide further insight into the possibilities of palm oil and its residues towards sustainable development with reduced environmental-related issues

Characterization of Catalytic Porous Medium Using Platinum for Micro-combustion Application

In this study, catalytic alumina porous medium has been fabricated by using platinum as an active material for micro-combustion application. Platinum has been deposited onto porous medium surface via wet impregnation method. The porous medium undergoes surface modification process via wash coating method using gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3) solution, before being impregnated with platinum in order to increase the surface area. The surface morphology of porous medium entirely changes from smooth “solid-rock” into rough “sand-like” after the wash coating process. The amount of platinum deposited onto the treated porous medium is 1.66 wt.%. LPG combustion analysis shows that the combustion is successfully occur inside the catalytic porous media with overall efficiency of 71%

A Synonym Contextual-based Process for Handling Word Similarity in Malay Sentence

In this paper, we attempt to describe a method of finding word similarity within a Malay sentence. The list of similarity word produced is based on searching the appropriate context within a Malay  sentence. The context is determined by seeking rules from a rule-based phrase database. In implementing this approach, a working prototype application is described which can be used as a tool for improving writing text in Malay language, especially well adapted toward the requirements of teaching and learning this language in primary and secondary schools. The overall concept presented in this paper will assist us to identify clearly what are the basic components and their specifications that should exist in the process. On the other hand, it is also important to point out the possible drawbacks and constraints of the practical approach suggested

Aligning cloud computing security with business strategy

These days, the technological growth in the IT sector is rapid. Cloud computing is also one of the new technologies that have both benefits and limitations. This paper gives an overview of how cloud computing can be helpful for an enterprise. It emphasizes on how cloud computing can be adopted in the IT sector. The paper also discusses the security issues of cloud computing. This article also highlights the issue of data leakage in this technology which faces cloud computing clients. The authors have designed a model to solve this issue through data isolation. A business value will be achieved through the proposed model by aligning the cloud computing security with the business strategy and increase the security procedures to verify the authenticated users through the virtual system