A Cosmological Solution to Mimetic Dark Matter

In this paper, a cosmological solution to Mimetic Dark Matter (MDM) for an exponential potential is provided. Then, a solution for the $0-i$ perturbed Einstein's differential equation of MDM is obtained based on an exponential potential that satisfies inflation for some initial conditions. Another general potential is suggested that incorporates inflation too. Then, quantum perturbations are included. The constants in the model can be tuned to be in agreement with the amplitude fluctuation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Finally, the spectral index is calculated for the suggested potentials. Moreover, MDM is shown to be a viable model to produce dark matter, inflation, and CMB's fluctuation.Comment: 12 page

Comments on provisions of tort in Iraqi Civil Law

Iraqi Civil Law number 40 of 1951 has some rules driven from Islamic Law and some others from foreign legislations. Despite that, law has some defects relating basically to drafting some of its articles from one hand, and from another hand some recourses of this law were improper. This search contains some comments on rules dealing with tort. Some comments concern with tort of personal actions, some other comments concern with tort of a third party Action which has been regulated by law in three articles divided into two places. Study deals as well with some comments on liability of things which has been prescribed by the Iraqi legislator in four controversial places

Study the Serum Levels of IL-17, IL-23, TLR-4, and TLR-7 Role in Immunopathogenesis in Patients with Moderate and Severe Psoriasis

Objective: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated disease* (a disease with an unclear cause that is characterized by inflammation caused by dysfunction of the immune system) that causes inflammation in the body. This study examined the relationship between immunological markers (IL-17 and TLR-4) and several socio-demographic parameters, including age, sex, disease severity, stress, smoking behaviours, BMI classification, and dietary preferences, in patients with psoriasis. Methods: Psoriasis on patients at the Imam Al-Hussein City Hospital in Karbala Province, Iraq, psoriasis from December 2022 to April 2023. The participants were healthy individuals and newly diagnosed, untreated psoriasis patients. Pregnant women, those with chronic conditions, and those receiving psoriasis medication were excluded. A case-control observational study was conducted, using convenience sampling to select participants. The PASI scoring method was used to evaluate four body areas, and the sandwich ELISA method was used for immunomarker analysis. Results: The study found significant dispirited in the severity of psoriasis among individuals, with 54.44% presenting with intermediate symptoms and 45.56% showed severe manifestations. The moderate and severe psoriasis patients were classified into five age cohorts. The severity of psoriasis correlates with age, with those with severe psoriasis being older. Socio-demographic features revealed a greater prevalence of moderate patients than those with severe psoriasis. The study also found a significant association between greater BMI values and severe symptoms, smoking behaviours, elevated stress levels, and higher consumption of processed foods. Immunological markers such as IL-17, IL-23, TLR-4, and TLR-7 were also examined, showed significant variations between control participants and those with moderate and severe forms of the condition. These findings contributed to understanding the determinants impacting psoriasis severity and its clinical implications for patient care and therapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Psoriasis patients make up a significant part of the study population, with higher smoking, stress, and healthy food habits. There was no significant difference in BMI, disease severity. of immunological markers IL-17, IL-23, TLR-4, and TLR-7 showed a significantly increase

Cholecystectomy for Gallstone: Types and Findings

Gall stone disease remains a common and significant cause of suffering in most parts of the world. Gallstones are the most common biliary pathology. A descriptive study covered 80 patients underwent surgical treatment for gallstone diseases. Ultrasound study and plain abdominal X-ray were done to confirm the presence of gallstone. More than half of the sample 58.8% were in the oldest age group 50-69 year. Female were 68(85%) and the remaining 12(15%) patients were male. Most of patients 60(75.0%) operated upon by open cholecystectomy, laparoscope used in 18(22.5%). The main finding on exploring the abdomen was inflammatory adhesion in 54(67.5%) of the patients, thick wall gallbladder came next in 12 (15%) patients. Many complications and clinical findings associated with gallstone, some of them are serious other are even fatal. That is why cholecystectomy is highly indicated even for silent gallstone. Keywords: Gallstone, Jaundice, Cholecystitis, Surgery, Laparoscopy DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/71-09 Publication date: February 29th 202

Laboratory study on the effects of nutrient enrichment on a phytoplankton population in Sawa Lake, Iraq

Nutrient enrichment of Sawa lake water was made using different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations during autumn and spring at three stations. Different concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and N: P ratios were used to test variations in phytoplankton population dynamics. Nitrogen at a concentration of 25 µmole.l-1 and N: P ratio of 10:1 gave highest phytoplankton cell number at all stations and seasons. A total of 64 algal taxa dominated by Bacillariophyceae followed by Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae were identified. The values of Shannon index of diversity were more than one in the studied stations

Correlation between Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated with Lipocaline and Megalin in Type 2 Diabetic patients

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder defined via elevated blood glucose caused by insufficiency of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond to insulin or defective insulin production by pancreatic β-cells due to environmental and genetic factors. Megalin is a glycoprotein that is mostly found in the proximal tubular cells, major role is to reabsorb albumin and other proteins that the glomerulus has filtered in the proximal tubules.Methods: The purpose of research measure the concentration of megalin and Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in type 2 patients, in the period from December 2022 to March 2023 at the Baghdad Teaching Hospital120 participants aged(30-60) years, the measured concentration of Megalin, NGAL, and fasting blood glucose in serum and whole blood estimated for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C).Results: The result indicates blood glucose concentration in patients with T2DM (344.975±63.68mg/dl) was significantly higher than control(106.62±12.59mg/dl), HbA1C (13.40±10.35%) in T2DM patients was significantly higher than control (4.310±0.336%), Megalin levels revealed for T2DM patients (220.70±42.47pg/ml) significantly higher than control (120.42±29.33pg/ml), NGAL(447.68±62.76pg/ml) in T2DM patients higher than control(264.93±51.79 pg/ml).Conclusion: According to the results NGAL and Megalin levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients as compared to controls play a role in diabetes pathogenesis and as biomarkers for the early identification of diabetic nephropathy

Probabilistic hosting capacity and risk analysis for distribution networks

Hereby I present a PhD thesis by publications. Altogether, the thesis includes: a) two journal papers, b) three IEEE conference papers. The journals include IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics while the second has been submitted. The conference list includes World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC), Asian conference on energy, power and transportation electrification (ACEPT) and IEEE Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied in Power Systems (PMAPS). The PMAPS conference is the only event that exclusively discusses probability and statistic methods applied to power system analysis. The thesis presents several novel methods. The first novelty is the development of a new probabilistic model for estimating the solar radiation incident to residential roofs which is compatible with the Australian meteorological conditions. The second is the development of new probabilistic approach called “probabilistic hosting capacity” to estimate the hosting capacity of distribution networks. The third one is the utilization of sparse grid numerical approximation techniques in handling the uncertainty computations. The last contribution is the new assessment method for quantifying the risk of connecting a large number of correlated distributed generators (DGs) into the distribution networks. In glance, these contributions are highlighted in the following paragraphs. The development of the probabilistic method to estimate the solar irradiation is aimed to represent the uncertainty of produced power from residential solar panels. By utilizing the relation between clearness index and diffuse fraction, a probability density function (PDF) of produced power is derived from the total radiance quantity incident of a tilted area to the horizontal plane. Given the characteristics of the day time and the place, the uncertainty associated with power production by solar panels can be probabilistically estimated from the total solar irradiation of a tilted area. Two mathematical models are proposed: the first utilizes the HDKR (Hay, Davies, Klucher, Reindl) mathematical representation for total irradiance, while the second one involves the use of Hay-Davies mathematical representation. Without losing the scope of the work, only the first model is compared with real data obtain from a site in Adelaide. The second model is used for conducting the power flow calculations due to the low computational time is required to deliver results. The interest in the development of probabilistic hosting capacity comes as DGs in the distribution networks rely mainly on the renewable energy. Probabilistic hosting capacity is aimed to deliver a probabilistic estimate of the maximum amount of DGs that can be connected into the existing distribution network without jeopardizing the utility’s system operation and/or customers’ connected appliances. The approach is built up after defining the main uncertainties, resulted from the stochastic behaviours of the small-scale of wind turbines and solar panels as well as domestic loads. The impacts of these uncertainties on the operation of a distribution network are assessed by establishing a set of operational performance indices and the use of the probability of occurrence notion. Three types of hazardous impacts are defined (tolerable, critical and serious). The approach is time-dependent and includes network bi-directionality feature which complies with the fundamentals of automation approaches for active distribution networks. The third contribution is the use of sparse grid numerical techniques (SGTs) as an efficient tool to handle the uncertainty computation which is multi-dimensional problem. It replaces the use of classical numerical techniques based on tensor product grids which suffers from the curse of dimensionality. Additionally, the SGT in comparison with Monte Carlo Technique (MCT) is able to achieve improved efficiency in computation with acceptable accuracy. The last contribution is the development of a new risk analysis approach to quantify the effect of increasing levels of DG penetration on distribution networks. The proposed novel analysis utilises the following techniques and concepts: the Nataf transformation to represent spatial correlation of the DGs connected in the same distribution network; the consideration of likelihood (relative frequency of event occurrence) as well as severity (accumulative depth of event occurrence) of the performance indices in assessing the operation of distribution networks with the increase of DG connections. The Nataf transformation was used to ensure the rank correlation modelling among the non-Gaussian uncertainty representations in which the inter-dependences are modelled. The risk components, likelihood and severity, are visualized along with the increase of correlated DG connections. The purpose of this analysis is to provide an estimate of degree of risk in assessing the operational performance of a distribution network as whole, instead of the traditional methods that assess the network by parts, such as assessing individually a line or bus. The effectiveness of developed methods in this thesis is demonstrated by performing tests on two actual distribution networks: small and large. The small network consists of 11 buses with one substation transformer; while the existing large distribution network, situated in South Australia, consists of 59 (11/0.4 kV) feeder-transformers serving commercial, residential and industrial loads. The large network is segmented into different zones according to their likelihood of having DGs. The results are visualized, analysed and discussed for each proposed methods or approaches. All system modelling and algorithms are performed using MATLAB software and implemented on the distribution networks modelled in the industry accepted software OpenDSS, introduced by Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI).Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 201

Figure and Content in the Old Iraqi Painting

تناول البحث الحالي الشكل والمضمون في الرسم العراقي القديم، وقد تكون البحث من اربعة فصول، اهتم الفصل الأول بالإطار المنهجي للبحث ممثلاً بمشكلة البحث التي انتهت الى التساؤل الاتي: هل الشكل والمضمون متلازمان في الرسم العراقي القديم وهل يكمل بعضهما الاخر؟ أما هدف البحث فيتلخص بالكشف والتعرف على المحتوى الدلالي والجمالي للرسم العراقي القديم في حدود البحث التي اقتصرت  على دراسة الرسم الجداري في قصر ماري في العصر البابلي القديم ضمن الحدود الزمنية (2000- 1500) ق.م خلال سلالة ماري.       اما الفصل الثاني فقد تضمن الإطار النظري الذي تكون في مبحثين اهتم المبحث الأول في نشوء الفن وعلاقته بالانسان. اما المبحث الثاني فقد اختص بدراسة فن الرسم عبر العصور العراقية القديمة ويشمل الأواني الخزفية والفخارية والجداريات مع دراسة مفصلة للرسوم، وقد تضمن الفصل الثالث إجراءات البحث الذي تضمن أداة البحث ومنهجه وتحليل العينات البالغ عددها (4). أما الفصل الرابع فقد احتوى على نتائج البحث ومنها: كان للتمثيل البنائي التشكيلي المتماثل الشكل دوره الأساسي في بناء الجداريات المرسومة. ترتبط بنية الرسم الجداري جمالياً بالأبعاد الدلالية الناتجة عن العلامة مابين الشكل والمضمون المعبر عنه من جهة، وعلاقة الخطوط والالوان من جهة أخرى. انتهى البحث بالاستنتاجات والمقترحات والتوصيات ثم قائمة المصادر والملخص باللغة الانكليزية.The current research dealt with the form and content in the old Iraqi drawing. The research may be of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the methodological framework of the research, represented by the problem of research, which ended with the following question: Is the form and content identical to the old Iraqi drawing?  The purpose of the research is to explore and identify the semantic and aesthetic content of the ancient Iraqi painting within the limits of the research, which was limited to the study of the frescoes in the palace of Mary in the old Babylonian era within the time limits (2000 - 1500) BC during the Mary dynasty. The second chapter included the theoretical framework which is in two subjects. The first topic dealt with the emergence of art and its relation to man. The second section deals with the study of the art of drawing through the ancient Iraqi ages, including pottery, pottery and murals, with a detailed study of the drawings. The third chapter included the research procedures that included the research tool and its methodology and the analysis of the samples (4.( The fourth chapter contains the results of the research, including: 1.The symmetrical structural representation of form was the main role in the construction of painted murals. 2.The structure of the wall painting aesthetically linked to the symbolic distance resulting from the mark between the shape and content expressed on the one hand, and the relationship of lines and colors on the other hand. The research ended with conclusions, suggestions and recommendations, then a list of sources and summary in English

Genetic Diversity of Iraqi Date Palm (Phoenix ‎dactylifera L.) by using RAPD Technique

 في هذه الدراسة اثبتت جميع مؤشرات التفاعل الثضاعفي لسلسلة الدنا متعدد الاشكال نجاحا مع 65 مستزرع من نخيل  التمر العراقي والتي جمعت من مدينة الحلة في العراق٬ وذلك لتحديد البصمة الوراثية والقيمة المتباينة الاشكال والعلاقة الوراثية بين تلك الانواع وكذلك مع الانواع نفسها المستعملة في الدراسة. وقد اظهر تحليل البيانات لعشرة من المؤشرات الجزيئية المستعملة في هذه الدراسة́٬ مجموع عدد القطع المتضخمة لقطع الدنا هي 592 حزمة ونسبة متعدد الاشكال لكل المؤشرات هي 64.2%٬ وان قيمة الفعالية لمؤشرات الدنا كانت 0.09%٬ كذلك اظهرت النسبة المئوية للتشابه الوراثي بين الانواع 67% الى 100% ما بين المستزرعات التي تعود الى نفس المستزرع. العلاقة الوراثية ل24 مستزرع من نخيل الثمر تقسم الى مجموعتين رئيستين٬ المجموعة الاولى تقع ضمن المدى الوراثي 0.74 الى 1.30 وتمثل (مدني واشرسي ورصاصي وسيسمي وسكري) والمجموعة الثانية تقع ضمن المدى الوراثي من 0.25 الى 0.60 وتقسم الى ثلاثة تحت مجموعات وهي: تحت المجموعة الاولى وتمثل (سلطاني وخستاوي وبريم وسبع ذراع وحمراوي وبربن وخضراوي) ٬  وتحت مجموعة الثانية تمثل (زهدي وتبرزل وبرحي وجبجاب وفوم الرمان) اما تحت مجموعة الثالثة تمثل (اسطة عمران ونيرسي ونجدي وكنطار وشويثي وغنامي احمر).In this study provided all molecular markers of Random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) successfully with the sixty five Iraqi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars, which collected from Hilla city in Iraq, to determine fingerprinting, polymorphic value, and relationships among varieties of date palm cultivars, and also with the same type of cultivars. Data analysis of ten RAPD has been revealed. Number of amplified DNA fragments were (592) bands, polymorphism per all primers were (%64.2), primer efficiency was 0.1, and discriminatory value was (%0.09), which revealed a high percentage similarity about %67 to %100 between cultivars belong to the same variety. There are relationships with twenty four genotypes, divided in to two clusters, clusterΙ ranged distance from 0.74 to 1.30 represented(Maddany, Ashrasi, Greatli, Smeasmi and sukkary) and clusterII ranged distance from 0.25 to 0.60 which divided into three sub group, there are sub group I represented (Sultana, Khestawi, Breem, Sabb Drrah, Hamrawi, Brban, and Khadrawi), sub groupiesII represented (Zahdi, Tebarzal, Maktom, brahi, Chipchab and Fom Alrman), sub groupies III represented (Usta Umran, Nersi, Najdi, Guntar, Shwethi and Ghanami Ahmer)

Hydropic leiomyoma, a considerable differential diagnosis: a case series

Uterine leiomyomas can show a wide variety of degenerative changes. In the actual work, we report two cases of hydropic leiomyomas. Hydropic leiomyomas are characterized by a massive intra-tumoral accumulation of watery edema. This variant is often associated to atypical clinical and radiological presentations, raising the possibility of aggressive neoplasms, particularly uterine sarcomas. Although imaging can be helpful to diagnose uterine neoplasms, in particular ultrasounds and MRI, the radiological features of Hydropic leiomyomas, as for other leiomyomas variants, are often atypical and worrisome for uterine sarcomas. The pathological evaluation is often needed to have a final diagnosis.