Effect of Monosodium Glutamate on the Digestibility of Different Nutrients Using Standardized Static In vitro Digestion Model

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer and food additive with a unique umami taste. Due to its widespread use in humans, this study focused on the cytotoxicity, anti-diabetic effect, and interaction with protein digestion by performing a standardized static in vitro digestion model and lipid digestion by estimating free fatty acids released from 0.5 g of olive oil during intestinal lipolysis. The study showed that monosodium glutamate has an apparent cytotoxic effect on the Caco-2 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. MSG glutamate also showed low inhibitory activity on alpha-glucosidase enzyme even at high concentrations (16.3 % at 1800 ppm). By performing simulated in vitro digestion to study the interaction between MSG and protein digestion, followed by MTT study, total protein determination, and pH drop method, all results concluded that MSG affected proteolysis. Finally, the impact of MSG on lipolysis was studied through a free fatty acid release test. The results of the study demonstrated that MSG harmed fat digestibility in a concentration-dependent manner. As a result, it is essential to conduct further studies, especially in vivo studies, to determine the potential negative effects of MSG on human health

A New Aprroach for the Assesment of Coronary Artery Disease Risk

Abstract: Coronary artery diseas

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF SOLITARY WAVE FORMATION OF A PLANING HULL IN SHALLOW WATER CHANNELS

This paper uses a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis to investigate the shallow water effects on prismatic planing hull. The turbulence flow around the hull was described by Reynolds Navier Stokes equations RANSE using the k-ɛ turbulence model. The free surface was modelled by the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The analysis was steady for all the range of speeds except those close to the critical speed range due to the propagation of the planing hull solitary waves at this range. In this study, the planing hull lift force, total resistance, and wave pattern for the range of subcritical speeds, critical speeds, and supercritical speeds have been calculated using CFD. The numerical results have been compared with experimental results. The pressure distribution on the planing hull and its wave pattern at critical speed in shallow water were compared with those in deep water

Assessment of the Cognitive function in the epileptic patients and effect of anti epileptic drugs

This study is a prospective study that aimed to evaluate cognitive function in newly diagnosed epileptic patients before and 3 months after taking an antiepileptic drug by doing Wechsler IQ for patients before and 3 months after treatment and for their parents . the study included 40 patients. Divided into 4 groups  (each containing 10 patients ) and subjected to one of the following AEDs  for  3  months : 1. group A : receiving Carbamazepine (Tegretol)  in a dose of 10-20 mg/kg/day,2. group B receiving Na valproate (Depakine) in a dose of 20-40 mg/kg/day,3. group C : receiving Lamotrigine (Lamictal)  in a dose of 3-5 mg/kg/day,4. group D : receiving Topiramate in a dose of 3-6 mg/kg/day.Taking into consideration other factors that may be of Significance in affecting cognitive functions as seizure frequency ,age at onset of seizures and EEG abnormality. The results of the study were as following:1-There are statistically significant differences between IQs before and after treatment in the 4 groups. 2-there is +ve correlation between IQs before and after ttt in all groups.3- there is -ve correlation between IQs after ttt and frequency of seizures in group (B).4- There is +ve correlation between IQs of parents and patients? IQs before ttt in all groups.5-there is +ve correlation between IQs after ttt and parents' IQs  in all group,From these results we can conclude that  heredity is the main factor responsible for most of the decline in cognitive functions seen in epileptic patients after  treatment with AEDs and other factors as   seizure frequency, age at onset of seizures and EEG  abnormalities may also  play  a role,  By comparing the four groups we found that the impairment in cognitive function is mainly related to the impairment in cognitive function already present in those patients before the start of treatment. which were correlated and inherited in all groups. Keywords: Epilepsy,Cognition,Antiepileptic drug

Accidental Occupational Exposures among Dental Healthcare Workers in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

Aims and objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of accidental occupational injuries among dental healthcare workers in Asir region, Saudi Arabia, and thus the risk involved. Materials and methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among dental specialists, general dental practitioners, dental interns, hygienists and dental assistants working in dental college (College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA). Dentists working in private clinics and government hospitals in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia, were also included in this study. Results: Of the total 300 questionnaires, 190 were returned with a response rate of 63.3%. Of the respondents, 138 (72.63%) were males and the rest 52 (27.3%) were females. The response rate in this study was 63.3%. The total number of occupational injuries among DHCWs was 138 (72.5%) with a density rate of 0.72 per 100 persons per year which is significantly high. In the present study, a higher incidence of injuries occurred in the dental operatory and most of them being from needlestick injuries, i.e. 78 (56.2%). Conclusion: (1) Accidental occupational exposure incidence rate among DHCWs in Asir region, Saudi Arabia, is high as compared to other studies, (2) the majority of the injuriesoccurred in the dental operatory. Most of these injuries were caused by syringe needles and involved the finger or thumb.&nbsp

Bottomonia Under Effect Three Inspired QCD Potentials in the Framework of Non-Relativistic Quark Model

In this paper, we have studied the spectrum of bottomonium mesons behavior under the effect of three types of potentials inspired by Quantum Chromodynamics. In addition, other properties like Hyperfine splitting behavior, and Fine splitting behavior have been studied. We used these potential models within the non-relativistic quark model to present this study. We found that our expectations are consistent with experimental data and other theoretical works as well we presented new conclusions regarding the spectrum of unseen bottomonium states for S, P, and D-wave bottomonia. And we have expected other their characteristics

Saudi Women Empowerment Constraints for Participation in Sports and Physical Activities

Saudi women have recently witnessed unprecedented sociocultural changes in lifestyle and prosperity, as a result of recent female empowerment policies. Among these changes is the public acceptance of female participation in sport and physical activities. However, due to lack of good opportunities for sport and physical activity participation in previous years, Saudi women might still encounter tremendous factors that prevent or limit their participation. The study purpose was to investigate constraints that limit or prohibit Saudi female from participation in light of the recent empowerment policies. The developed questionnaire was based on the leisure constraint theory and distributed in all regions of the country, yielding a sample of 866 female participants. The results indicated that the majority used their homes as the place for participation, with significant differences among geographical location in intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints, and an overall high score in structural constraints. It was concluded that Saudi females’ ability to participate in sports and physical activities is severely constrained by too many factors that need to be alleviated by policy makers and investors

ViT-DeiT: An Ensemble Model for Breast Cancer Histopathological Images Classification

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world and the second most common type of cancer that causes death in women. The timely and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer using histopathological images is crucial for patient care and treatment. Pathologists can make more accurate diagnoses with the help of a novel approach based on image processing. This approach is an ensemble model of two types of pre-trained vision transformer models, namely, Vision Transformer and Data-Efficient Image Transformer. The proposed ensemble model classifies breast cancer histopathology images into eight classes, four of which are categorized as benign, whereas the others are categorized as malignant. A public dataset was used to evaluate the proposed model. The experimental results showed 98.17% accuracy, 98.18% precision, 98.08% recall, and a 98.12% F1 score.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures, 7 table

Effect of sildenafil citrate on prediabetic and diabetic albino rats treated with metformin

Diabetes Miletus (DM) is a global epidemic disease. It is estimated that there are already 415 million adults aged 20–79 years diabetics worldwide. Sildenafil citrate is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, which increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and metformin (MET) is a biguanide used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes which increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. Aim: This study aims to assess the effect of sildenafil citrate and metformin on lipid profile and glycemic control in diabetic and prediabetic albino rats. Materials and methods: Adult male albino rats are used and divided into nine groups each group consists of 10 rats, diabetes is induced by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for an initial period of 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of (35 mg/kg) Streptozotocin. Prediabetes is induced by feeding (HFD) and glucose in water for a period of 2 weeks. Sildenafil was given in a dose of (5 &10 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks), metformin was given in a dose of (50 &100 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks) using oral gavages to normal healthy rats, diabetic and prediabetic rats. Blood samples were collected after 4 weeks of treatment in all experimental groups. Results: Combined administration of sildenafil and metformin on diabetic rats improving hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and hyperlipidemia induced by streptozotocin than the administration of metformin or sildenafil alone. Conclusion: Sildenafil has beneficial effects against some diabetic complications. The present study showed that sildenafil with metformin has beneficial effects against diabetic complications