MALAYSIAN INTEGRATED 3D CADASTRE

This paper discusses 3D cadastre in the aspect of property registration i.e. complex building and overlappingproperties on different land use. We also discuss the interoperability of the two systems between the two different agencies.This 3D cadastre registration will serve as a first attempt to develop a more complete Integrated Malaysian 3D Cadastre System.A complex system needs a clear and concise method to show the representation of data, and here we utilize Unified ModelingLanguage (UML) for the data modeling task as it has been considered better technique for such real world data modelinglike cadastre data compared to the traditional entity relationship approach. Besides 3D registration, this paper also discusses 3Dmodeling, 3D geo databasing and 3D visualization. Malaysia could embark on this 3D cadastre system since it has wellestablished 2D cadastre framework. From the previous research and discussion it can be realized that the hybrid approachcertainly would be a good approach for Malaysian 3D Cadastre System. The hybrid approach means preservation of 2D cadastreand the integration of the registration of the situation in 3D by registering 3D situations integrated and being part of the 2Dcadastral geographical data set.Keywords: 3D Cadastre, 3D Databas

3D strata visualization in web environment – Review

Nowadays, rapid population growth has caused a high demand of land and stratified property especially in urban areas (big city). In cadastral system, visualization is considered as a tool for reflecting the real world which is commonly drawn in 2-Dimensional (2D) based plan. However, it only works efficiently for land parcel but not in representing strata property (high rise building). The complexity and overlapping boundaries also need to be considered in portraying 3-Dimensional (3D) model which cannot be achieved using only 2D plan. On top of that, the need of providing a 3D visualization platform has been recognised by many researchers worldwide. There have been numbers of 3D Cadastral system prototype being developed for different country such as Australia, Russia and Indonesia. 3D visualization helps enhanced communication between users, improve decision making, and helps to manage and facilitate land information system. This paper therefore seeks to analyse the problems related to the visualisation for the application of strata and the current approach of 3D visualisation. It is carried out by investigating different techniques and methods used in visualising 3D objects. The outcome of this paper would be the solutions in finding suitable visualization tools to be developed via Web-based visualization applications which are common with end users and easily accessible due to advancements in technology

3D marine cadastre within land administration - Review

Cadastre was used to identify the dimension and position of the properties defined in legal documents. It consists of the geometric description of the parcels that describing the interests and ownerships including the property's value. Cadastre plays an important role in land administration for state authorities and federal organizations in terms of ownership (rights, restrictions, and responsibilities). Meanwhile, cadastre in the marine area is still quite unclear due to separate working systems between land and marine region. Coastal and maritime spaces with various uses regularly lead to overlapping rights issues in the water surface, water column, and seabed as well as conflict in technical, legal, and stakeholder management. Since some part of the marine area is considered as land space, there were a few ideas that have been proposed in managing marine area within land administration to overcome those issues. The current land standard data model that has been referred to, is Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). This standard has been proven relevant to 3D cadastre inland and marine environments. Some works discussed the probabilities of managing the marine environment within land administration. Thus, this paper attempted to review the possibilities of integrating marine cadastre within land administration

Rubber-Tree Leaf Diseases Mapping Using Close Range Remote Sensing Images

 Currently, close-range remote sensing method using drone-based platform which payload compact sensor has been used for monitoring and mapping in the agriculture sector at large area. Thus, this study is deployed drone with a compact sensor to identify the rubber tree leaf diseases based on two groups of a spectral wavelength which are visible (RGB: 0.4 µm – 0.7 µm) and near infrared (NIR: 0.7µm – 2.0 µm), respectively. Spectral obtained from drone-based platform will be validated using ground observation handheld spectroradiometer. Eight types of rubber tree clones leaf at three different conditions (healthy, unhealthy and severe) were randomly selected within the 9.4-hectare Experimental Rubber Plot, Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia (RRIM), Kota Tinggi, Johor whereby consist RRIM 2000 series, RRIM 3000 series, and PB series, respectively. Based on the result, quantitative analysis shows that the f-value is smaller than Critical-one tail for healthy, unhealthy while for severe the f-value is larger than Critical-one tail. The f-value is 2.887 < 4.283 (healthy), 0.002 < 0.264 (unhealthy) and 1.008 > 0.0526, respectively. Thus, this can be concluded that spectral and estimate is equal at the 0.05 significant levels. For qualitative analysis, it shows that each rubber clone tree diseases can be distinguished at the near infrared band for healthy, unhealthy and severe respectively

Rubber-Tree Leaf Diseases Mapping Using Close Range Remote Sensing Images

 Currently, close-range remote sensing method using drone-based platform which payload compact sensor has been used for monitoring and mapping in the agriculture sector at large area. Thus, this study is deployed drone with a compact sensor to identify the rubber tree leaf diseases based on two groups of a spectral wavelength which are visible (RGB: 0.4 µm – 0.7 µm) and near infrared (NIR: 0.7µm – 2.0 µm), respectively. Spectral obtained from drone-based platform will be validated using ground observation handheld spectroradiometer. Eight types of rubber tree clones leaf at three different conditions (healthy, unhealthy and severe) were randomly selected within the 9.4-hectare Experimental Rubber Plot, Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia (RRIM), Kota Tinggi, Johor whereby consist RRIM 2000 series, RRIM 3000 series, and PB series, respectively. Based on the result, quantitative analysis shows that the f-value is smaller than Critical-one tail for healthy, unhealthy while for severe the f-value is larger than Critical-one tail. The f-value is 2.887 < 4.283 (healthy), 0.002 < 0.264 (unhealthy) and 1.008 > 0.0526, respectively. Thus, this can be concluded that spectral and estimate is equal at the 0.05 significant levels. For qualitative analysis, it shows that each rubber clone tree diseases can be distinguished at the near infrared band for healthy, unhealthy and severe respectively

Legal and organizational aspects of Malaysian 3D Cadastre

Cadastre, being the core component of a land administration system, plays an important role in a modern economy is rapidly developing among people in the economic, land related fields or even to the layman. 2D cadastre mapping is being practiced in Malaysia and at the moment it provides vital land and property information like ownerships of the parcels for most parts of the country. However in very near future, this 2D information may not be able to serve more advanced situations for example in large cities. How do they deal with 3D situations, concerning legal as well as organisational aspects and can we learn from other countries? In Malaysia, JUPEM is responsible for preparing, producing and managing the spatial data including the surveying and mapping of the cadastre parcels

138 Muhammad Imzan Hassan and Alias Abdul Rahman Unique Identifier for 3D Cadastre Objects Registration 2 nd International Workshop on 3D Cadastres 16

SUMMARY In Malaysia, cadastre system is carried out in two-dimensions (2D) and all cadastre have their own unique ID, called Unique Parcel Identifier (UPI). UPI is widely used in various land transaction purposes e.g. sale and purchase of land, land development, and so forth. Traditionally, cadastral registration system is a basic 2D land system. In the near future, 2D cadastre faces some difficulties in answering queries related to 3D complex situations such as apartments, towers, condominium, and etc, thus 3D cadastre seems most appropriate to be developed. This paper discusses the concept of determining the unique identifier code for each 3D object called Unique Features Identifier (UFI). This paper discusses the recognition of 3D objects cadastre based on the existing UPI concept and method. This paper will highlight the complex 3D situation in Kuala Lumpur underground tunnel, a.k.a. 'SMART' tunnel (Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel) in relation to the cadastre unique identifier. We will also highlight some future works of the identifier for 3D cadastre objects

An integrated Malaysian 3D cadastre

In Malaysia, the cadastre system is controlled by two main ag encies, namely, Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) and Land Offices (L.O). The DSMM is responsible for the cadastral spatial information i.e. land parcel boundaries. The mission is to enhance quality in surveying and mapping services along with managing the geospatial data. On the other hand, Lan d Office is responsible for the cadas tral attribute information i.e. legal rights that attached to the cadastral objects or plots . The current system only involves with 2D maps and no effo rt towards 3D registration yet. This pape r discusses 3D cadastre in the aspect of property registration i.e. complex building and overlapping properties on di fferent land use. We also discuss the interoperabil ity of the two systems between the two different ag encies. This 3D cadastre re gistration will serve as a first attempt to develop a mo re complete Integrated Malaysian 3D Cadastre System. A complex system needs a clear a nd concise method to show the representation of data, and here we utilize Unified Modeli ng Language (UML) for the data modeling task as it has been considered better techni que for such real world data modeling like cadastre data compared to the traditional entity relationship approach. Besides 3D regis tration, the paper also discusses 3D mode ling, 3D geo databasing and 3D vi sualization. Malaysia could emba rk on this 3D cadastre system relatively straight forward since it has good 2D cadastre framework. From the research and discussion it can be realized that t he hybrid approach certainly would be a good to start with. This approach means preservation of 2D cadastre and the integration of the registration of the situation in 3D by registering 3D situations integrated and being part of the 2D cadastral geographical dat a set. Nevertheless it is reasonable to believe that there are some irregularities and different inform ation as both systems operates separately. This situation shall trigger a good basis why there is a need for the integration. The challenge is to transform th e proposed model into computer means i.e. logical model. The validation of logical model will be then encoded in the spatial database. Spa tial DBMS is the foundation for both GIS (presenta tion, analysis) and CAD (creating models). It offers spatial data type in its data model structure and also in the query language and it can interact with the spatial DBMS. This paper elaborates on an integration of Oracle Spatial and Autodesk Map 3D for an integrated 3D Cadastre. The 3D Cadastre database development especially on the aspect of 3D objects registration form major contributi ons of the paper towards the developm ent of an integrated 3D Cadastre

3D registration for Malaysian cadastre system

2D cadastre mapping is being practiced in Malaysia and at the moment it provides vital land and property information like ownerships of the parcels for most parts of the country. However in very near future this 2D information may not be able to serve more advanced situations for example in large city centers. The establishment of Malaysia cadastral system is to monitor matters of land especially the land ownership. The system is setup to ensure consistency in cadastral information that comes from cadastral survey and cadastral land registration. In general, the cadastral survey and cadastral land registration are managed by Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) and Land Offices (LO) respectively. The cadastral object can be either a complete land parcel, parcel of storey houses (strata) e.g. apartments, flats resident ial or parcel below the surface (stratum) . There is a need for 3D cadastre registration as real-estate property is actually in 3D. Therefore, the new cadastral system should reflect the existence of the real-world objects - 3D physical objects and have its own legal rights. Current 3D computing technology could be used to develop a registration system for 3D Cadastre and eventually a solution for 3