The relationship between environmental disclosure and corporate characteristics among Malaysian public listed company / Noor Hashira Eidan

The primary of this dissertation is to investigate the relationship between various corporate characteristics with environmental disclosure of the Malaysian Public Listed company. These characteristic include environmental sensitive company, profitability, leverage ratio as well as company either involve with the ISO Certificate or not. This dissertation also examine the current trend of environmental disclosure among Malaysian Public Listed Company. The extent of environmental disclosure items in corporate report is measured using content analysis and the score sheet developed in this study. The result from this study found that only ISO certificates company have a positive significant impact towards environmental disclosure among Malaysian companies. Industry type, profitability and leverage is not an important determinant to the environmental disclosure. The findings in this study contribute to the body of knowledge a new dimension of environmental reporting

Factors Affecting the FcRn-Mediated Transplacental Transfer of Antibodies and Implications for Vaccination in Pregnancy.

At birth, neonates are particularly vulnerable to infection and transplacental transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from mother to fetus provides crucial protection in the first weeks of life. Transcytosis of IgG occurs via binding with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in the placental synctiotrophoblast. As maternal vaccination becomes an increasingly important strategy for the protection of young infants, improving our understanding of transplacental transfer and the factors that may affect this will become increasingly important, especially in low-income countries where the burden of morbidity and mortality is highest. This review highlights factors of relevance to maternal vaccination that may modulate placental transfer-IgG subclass, glycosylation of antibody, total maternal IgG concentration, maternal disease, infant gestational age, and birthweight-and outlines the conflicting evidence and questions that remain regarding the complexities of these relationships. Furthermore, the intricacies of the Ab-FcRn interaction remain poorly understood and models that may help address future research questions are described

Maternal Immunization with Pneumococcal Surface Protein A Protects against Pneumococcal Infections among Derived Offspring

Pathogen-specific antibody plays an important role in protection against pneumococcal carriage and infections. However, neonates and infants exhibit impaired innate and adaptive immune responses, which result in their high susceptibility to pneumococci. To protect neonates and infants against pneumococcal infection it is important to elicit specific protective immune responses at very young ages. In this study, we investigated the protective immunity against pneumococcal carriage, pneumonia, and sepsis induced by maternal immunization with pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA). Mother mice were intranasally immunized with recombinant PspA (rPspA) and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) prior to being mated. Anti-PspA specific IgG, predominantly IgG1, was present at a high level in the serum and milk of immunized mothers and in the sera of their pups. The pneumococcal densities in washed nasal tissues and in lung homogenate were significantly reduced in pups delivered from and/or breast-fed by PspA-immunized mothers. Survival after fatal systemic infections with various types of pneumococci was significantly extended in the pups, which had received anti-PspA antibody via the placenta or through their milk. The current findings strongly suggest that maternal immunization with PspA is an attractive strategy against pneumococcal infections during early childhood. (191 words

Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Emission of Plate Heat Exchanger for Chilled Water Distribution

The equivalent of carbon dioxide of the plate heat exchangers used for chilled water distribution contributed to Global Warming Potential (GWP). The effect of GWP is increasing of environment temperature due to high concentration of CO₂ in atmosphere. Since the energy inlet of the heat exchanger is not equal to the energy outlet, thus the evaluation of CO₂ released to environment can be estimated from the heat loss by the plate heat exchanger. The heat transfer between the primary and secondary lines of chilled water in the plate heat exchanger caused heat loss being generated and emitted to the environment. The chilled water distribution in Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS is the focus in this study. Two (2) months data of chilled water flowing through the two plate heat exchangers were acquired and analyzed in order to calculate the amount of heat loss to the environment. Two (2) time interval of 10:00 am to 4:00 pm and 8:00 am to 5:00 pm were used in evaluating the average emission of CO₂ equivalent by both plate of the heat exchangers in order to assess the difference. In addition, the total average emission of CO₂ equivalent for 10 years, 15 years and 20 years were also calculated. The energy balance principle was adopted in this evaluation. Results indicate that the amount of CO₂ emission released to environment in 20 years was about 2.84E+08 kg of CO₂

Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Emission of Plate Heat Exchanger for Chilled Water Distribution

The equivalent of carbon dioxide of the plate heat exchangers used for chilled water distribution contributed to Global Warming Potential (GWP). The effect of GWP is increasing of environment temperature due to high concentration of CO₂ in atmosphere. Since the energy inlet of the heat exchanger is not equal to the energy outlet, thus the evaluation of CO₂ released to environment can be estimated from the heat loss by the plate heat exchanger. The heat transfer between the primary and secondary lines of chilled water in the plate heat exchanger caused heat loss being generated and emitted to the environment. The chilled water distribution in Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS is the focus in this study. Two (2) months data of chilled water flowing through the two plate heat exchangers were acquired and analyzed in order to calculate the amount of heat loss to the environment. Two (2) time interval of 10:00 am to 4:00 pm and 8:00 am to 5:00 pm were used in evaluating the average emission of CO₂ equivalent by both plate of the heat exchangers in order to assess the difference. In addition, the total average emission of CO₂ equivalent for 10 years, 15 years and 20 years were also calculated. The energy balance principle was adopted in this evaluation. Results indicate that the amount of CO₂ emission released to environment in 20 years was about 2.84E+08 kg of CO₂