Child migrants in Africa

Child Migration in Africa explores the mobility of children without their parents within West Africa. Drawing on the experiences of children from rural Burkina Faso and Ghana, the book provides rich material on the circumstances of children's voluntary migration and their experiences of it. Their accounts challenge the normative ideals of what a 'good' childhood is, which often underlie public debates about children's migration, education and work in developing countries The comparative study of Burkina Faso and Ghana highlights that social networks operate in ways that can be both enabling and constraining for young migrants, as can cultural views on age- and gender-appropriate behaviour. The book questions easily made assumptions regarding children's experiences when migrating independently of their parents and contributes to analytical and cross-cultural understandings of childhood. Part of the groundbreaking Africa Now series, Child Migration in Africa is an important and timely contribution to an under-researched area

Child Migration in Africa

Child Migration in Africa explores the mobility of children without their parents within West Africa. Drawing on the experiences of children from rural Burkina Faso and Ghana, the book provides rich material on the circumstances of children's voluntary migration and their experiences of it. Their accounts challenge the normative ideals of what a 'good' childhood is, which often underlie public debates about children's migration, education and work in developing countries. The comparative study of Burkina Faso and Ghana highlights that social networks operate in ways that can be both enabling and constraining for young migrants, as can cultural views on age- and gender-appropriate behaviour. The book questions easily made assumptions regarding children's experiences when migrating independently of their parents and, by drawing parallels with children's migration in Latin America and Asia, contributes to analytical and cross-cultural understandings of childhood. Part of the groundbreaking Africa Now series, Child Migration in Africa is an important and timely contribution to an under-researched area

The Comparison Effect of Nickel (II) and Cadmium (II) Complexes with Aqueous Extract of Tecrium polium.L (Ja,adah) Plant on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HeP2

Cancer stay to be one of the leading causes of death throughout the world due to a limited success to use treatments. The new synthesized metal complexes with formula: [Ni L2 (H2O)2]. 2.5 E t OH and [Cd L2]. ½ H2O Where L = Bis [ 5 – ( P – nitrophenyl ) - 4 – phenyl 1 , 2 , 4 – trazol – 3 – dithiocarbamato hydrazide ] and the aqueous extract of Teucrium polium L.(TP) plant (Ja,adahin Arabic) were examined against growth cells of hepatocellular Carcinoma cell Line ( HeP2 ). The cytotoxicity assay of cancer cell line was used for determination of inhibition rate with three concentrations; (62.5, 105 and 250 µg /200µl). The aqueous extract of TP plant induced death of cancer cells by significant elevation of the inhibition rate to 50.03% while the cytotoxic effect of Ni ( II ) complex reached 45.77% and Cadmium (II) was 35.73% at 125µg /200µl.The present study indicates that there are no significant differences between the two new complexes Nickel(II) and Cadmium(II) compared with anticancer drug Cis-pt for all dose

Study of Cytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extract Fenugreek(Trigonella Foenum Graecum L.S) Seeds and The New Complexes of Rh (?) and Pd (?) on Cancer Cell Lines

The effect of the aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella Foenum Graecum L.), Rhodium complex (?) with formula [RhL2CLH2O].1 1/2 ETOH and palladium (?) [pdl2].2ETOH,where L=2-hydroxy phenyl piperonalidine was studied on two cancer cell lines. The first cell line was intestine cancer of female albino mice (L20B), the second one was Rhabdomysarcomas (RD)cell line in human. The activity of the new complexes and the aqueous extract was compared to the well-known anticancer drug (cis-platin) by utilizing the in vitro system. The cell lines were treated with four concentrations of cis-platin 31.25,62.5,125 and 250 ?g/ml for 72 hour exposure time. The same concentrations were used with extract and the new complexes. This study showed that the aqueous extract, Rhodium (?) and palladium (?) complexes have a promising anticancer cell activity as noticed from their effect on inhibition of the cancer cells . Inhibition rate was increased with concentration for the three treatments and it was found to be significant differences (

To Farm or Not to Farm: Cuniculture Issues Towards Green Marketing Practices at Hilir Perak, Malaysia

Climate change, global warming, and population increase have sparked the need to reorient Malaysia's food security strategy by adopting green marketing practices in agriculture production. The paper explored green marketing awareness practices among the small-scale cuniculture farmers at Cenderong Balai-Sg. Manik, Hilir Perak, Malaysia. From the qualitative method, the analysis indicated that the rabbit farmers needed to be aware of and practice green marketing strategies. The study's implications showed that eco-friendly packaging products, for instance, will benefit the environment. A balance has to be reached for the farmers to be more innovative in selling their products for environmental sustainability

The Effect of Symbolic Renewal Strategy in Adopting Local Architecture Heritage

على الرغم من سعة المعرفة المتراكمة لموروث العمارة المحلية وتأثير الرموز الأجنبية الوافدة إلا أنّها اتسمت بقصور معرفي لكيفية تطويع تلك الرموز والأنماط الأجنبية لإبداع نتاج معماري محلي حواري جديد يخاطب عقل المتلقي ويثير انفعالاته العاطفية. انطلاقا من ذلك تحددت أهداف البحث الأساسية بالحاجة العلمية لمعرفة تأثير الرموز الأجنبية في إنتاج النص المعماري المحلي والآليات الفاعلة المؤثرة في تطوير خصائص الشكل المعماري المحلي لإنتاج عمارة عراقية معاصرة. ولانجاز ذلك تم بناء إطار نظري خاص بالبحث يستند إلى الدراسات المعمارية المتخصصة بصيغ الخلق المعتمدة لاستراتيجية التجديد الرمزي. وفي الجانب التطبيقي تم مسح (212) تصميمًا معماريًا لمشاريع تخرج طلبة العمارة في الجامعة التكنولوجية ضمن المدة الزمنية (2012-2017)، وقد اكتشف وجود تسعة مشاريع منها اهتمت بدراسة إرث العمارة المحلية إذ جرى اختيارها كعينات بحثية لإجراء القياس النوعي. وقد أظهرت النتائج العملية دور استراتيجية التجديد الرمزي وآلياتها في تحقيق نص معماري محلي معاصر، وفاعلية المزاوجة المتوازنة بين الأنماط الموروثة والوافدة في الحفاظ على الهوية وامتيازات الموروث من جهة والمستجدات التي تفرزها الحداثة في مسيرة الإنسان الإبداعية من جهة أخرى.Despite the accumulated knowledge of the legacy of local architecture and the influence of foreign symbols, it was characterized by a lack of knowledge of how to adapt these symbols and patterns of foreign creativity to produce a new local architectural dialogue addresses the mind of the recipient and raises his emotional motives. Based on this, the basic research objectives were determined as; the scientific need to know the influence of foreign symbols in the production of the local architectural text and the effective mechanisms that influence the development of the characteristics of the local architectural form to produce contemporary Iraqi architecture. To achieve this, a theoretical framework for research based on specialized architectural studies was constructed, consisting of the following main words: (Exploration of the symbolic act produced for local architectural text, patterns as a basis for generating architectural form and the forms of creation adopted for the symbolic renewal strategy). On the practical side, (212) architectural design was surveyed for the projects of graduate students of architecture at the University of Technology within the period of time (2012-2017), and it was discovered that nine projects were concerned with studying the heritage of the local architecture, which were selected as research samples for qualitative measurement. The process has shown the role of the symbolic renewal strategy, its mechanisms, patterns and characteristics in achieving a contemporary local architectural text, and the effectiveness of balanced matching between inherited and incoming patterns in the preservation of identity and all the privileges of inheritance and the innovations that modernity produces in the creative march of man

Comparison of The Effect of Aqueous Extracts of two Plants, Origanum Vulgare L. and Fenugreek Seeds with Anticancer Drug Cis-Platin on the Growth of Cancer Cell Lines

This study involved the effect of the aqueous extracts of two plants, Origanum vulgare L.(1), Trigonella Foenum Graecum L. (Fenugreek) seeds(2) on the growth of cancer cell lines. Rhabdomyo sarcomas (RD) of human cell line and female intestine cells of Albino mice (L20B) in vitro System. These extracts were compared with the known anticancer drug Cis-platinum(Cis-Pt) as a positive control. The phytochemical tests were used for screening the active compounds in plants. The inhibition activity assay was used as a parameter of the cytotoxic effect of these extracts. Cancer cell lines were treated with four concentrations of Cis-platin, 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 ?g/ml for 72 hour exposure time. The same concentrations were used for the other extracts. This study found that the two aqueous extracts (1,2) have a cytotoxic effects on cancer cells as could be seen from their effects on inhibition percentage and the significant differences (

Persepsi umum penduduk Telok Panglima Garang terhadap perubahan iklim di Malaysia

Masalah alam sekitar seperti perubahan iklim, pencemaran udara dan banjir semakin mendapat perhatian daripada masyarakat Malaysia. Perubahan iklim merupakan cabaran global yang paling serius terhadap masyarakat dunia pada masa kini. Semua pihak disetiap peringkat perlu bersama-sama bertanggungjawab dalam menyesuaikan diri dan memberi komitmen dalam mengurangkan risiko terhadap ancaman global ini. Kesedaran alam sekitar bermula dengan keprihatinan masyarakat terhadap masalah alam sekitar yang kian meruncing. Manusia bergantungan secara fizikal dan emosi dengan alam semulajadi manakala, keadaan ekosistem dan spesies pula bergantung kepada tindakan manusia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat “Persepsi Penduduk Telok Panglima Garang Terhadap Perubahan Iklim Di Malaysia”. Kajian dijalankan dengan mensasarkan seramai 50 orang penduduk Telok Panglima Garang, Selangor. Data kajian ini dikumpul dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik dan seterusnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Keputusan kaji selidik ini dijadikan asas untuk merangka langkah dan cadangan yang boleh diambil oleh pihak berkuasa dalam mengawal masalah perubahan iklim ini. Kesimpulannya, terdapat perhubungan antara tahap kesedaran dalam kalangan penduduk dalam mengawal masalah perubahan iklim ini. Namun, hasil perhubungan yang didapati adalah agak lemah. Berdasarkan pada keputusan analisis ini, tahap kesedaran yang kurang memuaskan dalam kalangan penduduk Telok Panglima Garang akan memberi impak kepada pertambahan masalah perubahan iklim di Malaysia

The Antibacterial effects and chicks quality response of copper nanoparticles of Japanese quail in hatching

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of nano-copper at different levels (0, 14, 16 and 18 ppm named respectively as G1, G2, G3 and G4) as antibacterial against E. coli bacteria. Each group of 100 eggs was injected with E. coli bacteria (1 ml × 10-7) and was exposed to 38°C in the hatcher. Significant increase was observed in G1 for the E. coli and total count bacteria. There was significant improvement for G5 in abnormal chicks with significant improvement for G2, G3, and G4 in addled eggs, live pipped chicks and dead pipped chicks. Significant improvement was also observed for nano copper groups in activity, general situation, appearance and feather condition, case of yolk retracted inside the abdomen, navel case and residual yolk membrane. There was a significant decrease in cholesterol, glucose, and triglyceride for the G2, G3, and G4 groups and a significant increase for the G2 group in GSH. At the same time, a significant decrease in MDA in the G2 and G3 groups and a significant increase in AST enzyme for the G1 group were observed. Keywords: Antibacterial, nanotechnology, copper, hatching, Japanese quai