33 research outputs found
Two-Photon Imaging of Cortical Surface Microvessels Reveals a Robust Redistribution in Blood Flow after Vascular Occlusion
A highly interconnected network of arterioles overlies mammalian cortex to route blood to the cortical mantle. Here we test if this angioarchitecture can ensure that the supply of blood is redistributed after vascular occlusion. We use rodent parietal cortex as a model system and image the flow of red blood cells in individual microvessels. Changes in flow are quantified in response to photothrombotic occlusions to individual pial arterioles as well as to physical occlusions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), the primary source of blood to this network. We observe that perfusion is rapidly reestablished at the first branch downstream from a photothrombotic occlusion through a reversal in flow in one vessel. More distal downstream arterioles also show reversals in flow. Further, occlusion of the MCA leads to reversals in flow through approximately half of the downstream but distant arterioles. Thus the cortical arteriolar network supports collateral flow that may mitigate the effects of vessel obstruction, as may occur secondary to neurovascular pathology
Different strokes for different folks: the rich diversity of animal models of focal cerebral ischemia
No single animal model is able to encompass all of the variables known to affect human ischemic stroke. This review highlights the major strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used animal models of acute ischemic stroke in the context of matching model and experimental aim. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationships between outcome and underlying vascular variability, physiologic control, and use of models of comorbidity. The aim is to provide, for novice and expert alike, an overview of the key controllable determinants of experimental stroke outcome to help ensure the most effective application of animal models to translational research
Endothelial β-Catenin Signaling Is Required for Maintaining Adult Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Central Nervous System Homeostasis
The course of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats : a vertebrobasilar angiographic study
Haemodynamic, intracranial pressure and electrocardiographic changes following subarachno\uefd haemorrhage in rats
Impaired autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury
The development of a proof of concept for a smart DC/DC power plug based on USB power delivery
Instead of using a passive AC power grid for low power
applications, this paper describes a smart plug for DC
networks that is capable of providing the correct power
to a device (up to 100W) and that allows for
communication between different plugs and monitoring
of energy consumption across the DC network using the
Ethernet protocol in conjunction with a signal
modulator to adapt the signals to the DC network. The
ability to monitor consumption on a device-per-device
basis allows for closer monitoring of in-house energy
use and provides an easily scalable platform to monitor
consumption at a macro level.
In order to make this paper attractive for the consumer
market and easily integrable with existing consumer
devices, a generally compatible solution is needed. To
meet these demands and to take advantage of the trend
of charging consumer devices through USB, we opted
for the recently adapted USB Power Delivery standard.
This standard allows devices to communicate with the
plug and demand a specific voltage and current needed
for the device to operate.
The purpose of this paper is to give the reader insight in
the development of a proof of concept of the smart
DC/DC power plug.
10.1109/DUE.2014.682776