Clivagens religiosas, gênero e política na Índia

Este artigo enfoca o impacto da política identitária em matéria de igualdade de gênero. Mais precisamente, ele explora o vínculo paradoxal entre religião e política numa sociedade multireligiosa, além da complexidade de uma situação em que se pretende que o ativismo das mulheres, tanto reforce quanto conteste a sua identidade sexual. Alguns dizem que a política religiosa nem sempre nega a igualdade de gênero. Veremos, no entanto, que a Índia oferece um exemplo notável de instrumentalização das mulheres em benefício de objetivos dos partidos políticos de direita. O artigo examina as estratégias dos mais influentes entre eles, bem como as linhas de ação de organizações de mulheres e de grupos de muçulmanos no que concerne à reforma jurídica e à controvertida e litigiosa questão de um Código Civil único. Contra a ideia de que a melhor maneira de ampliar os direitos das mulheres muçulmanas no contexto comunitário seria reformar o código do estatuto pessoal com base no feminismo islâmico, demonstraremos que tal abordagem tende a cristalizar as identidades em base a clivagens religiosas e que a política religiosa se utiliza dos direitos das minorias para marginalizar os direitos das mulheres

Exploring the Barriers towards the Adoption of Credit Cards Usage in Pakistan

Credit card is a widely used financial instrument in consumer financing, facilitating consumers to full fill their number of desires. The purpose of this research is to present an explanatory perception into the current and non-users of credit card. The aim is to recognize the diverse factors that becomes the basis of low adoption and usage rate of credit card among the Pakistani population. Moreover, this paper also aims to highlight the barriers responsible in the diminutive growth of a potential credit card market in Pakistan. This research is explanatory in nature wherein structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Moreover, non-probability convenience sampling method was adopted as a sampling technique. Furthermore, structured questionnaire was adapted from the base study and distributed among 302 current and non-credit card users. The research indicates that, to create and tap a large market credit card financial institutions should focus on cost and improve the security of credit cards. Findings further reveals that religious belief has a huge impact towards the decline of credit card usage. Consumer bankers dealing with credit card proposition should focus on aggressive brand promotion which will end up in changing the consumer perception. Furthermore, cost/financial charges are highly correlated with the usage of credit card and thus barrier in credit card usage. Therefore, credit cards issuers should keep the stated factors in mind for easy penetration. This research will be instrumental for credit card issuers, advertising agencies responsible for developing the content of credit card communication and can be used in academics to understand this area from both micro and macro perspective. Keywords: Credit Card, Adaptation, Consumer Finance

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Die Wahlen in Indien 2004: Ein Rückschlag für die Ausgrenzungspolitik

Der Autor befasst sich in seinem Beitrag, der zuerst 2004 in der Zeitschrift "KAS-Auslandsinformationen" erschienen ist, mit den Parlamentswahlen 2004 in Indien, die zu einem unerwarteten und deutlichen Votum für die von Sonia Gandhi geführte Kongresspartei führten. Die Inder haben, so der Autor, ein klares Signal für mehr Demokratie, Säkularismus und Verteilungsgerechtigkeit gesetzt – Werte also, die von der bisherigen Regierungspartei BJP mit ihren extremistisch-nationalistischen Attitüden sowie ihrer lediglich die Oberschicht begünstigenden Wirtschaftspolitik zunehmend mit Füßen getreten wurden