Fuzzy Logic Controller for Parallel Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle

Hybrid electric vehicles combine two methods for propelling a vehicle. In a parallel hybrid vehicle, the two propulsion methods work in parallel to meet the total power demand. Among different combination of power sources, internal combustion engine and electric motor drive system are the most popular because of their availability and controllability. Plug-in hybrid vehicle is the latest version in hybrid vehicle family. In plug-in hybrid vehicle, battery is directly recharged from the electrical power grid and it can be used for a long distance with higher efficiency. Most of the hybrid vehicles on the road are parallel in nature and battery is recharged directly by the engine. If it is possible to convert existing hybrid vehicle into plug-in hybrid vehicle, it will lead to significant improvements in fuel economy and emissions.In this thesis, two fuzzy logic controllers have been developed for the energy management system of the hybrid vehicle. For the first controller, it is assumed that the vehicle will work like a plug-in hybrid vehicle. For the second controller it is assumed that the battery will always recharged by the engine. It is found that with the help of developed fuzzy logic controller, the plug-in hybrid vehicle can run up to 200 miles with high efficiency. Both controllers are developed and their performance is tested on the highly reliable vehicle modeling and simulation software AUTONOMIE. The main objective of developing the controllers is increasing the fuel economy of the vehicle. The results from the both developed controllers are compared with the default controller in AUTONOMIE in order to show performance improvements

Force Spun PVDF and TPU Nanofiber Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Sensor Application

Flexible and stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is the next generation potential candidate for wearable and portable electronics. In this study, we have demonstrated all nanofiber based TENG for energy harvesting and biomechanical sensing applications. The TENG was prepared by force spun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and gold (Au) sputtered thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber (NF) layer. The experimental characterization of the PVDF-TPU/Au NF-TENG revealed that surface modification by dispersed gold in TPU fiber membrane resulted the maximum open circuit voltage (254 V) and short circuit current (86 μA) output at 240 bpm (beats per minute) load frequency which was respectively 112% and 87% greater than bare PVDF-TPU NFs based TENG with the active contact surface area 1.25 × 1.0 in2. Furthermore, the hand tapped output of the TENG was able to light up 75 LED of 1.5 V each. The results of the resistive loads and capacitor tests exemplified that our proposed TENG offered a simple and high performance self-chargeable electronics. We have also demonstrated the possible chest, thigh, forearm, and bicep muscle sensor with different body movement, illustrated the possibility of flexible and cost-effective body motion sensors

Diastolic And Systolic Right Ventricular Dysfunction Precedes Left Ventricular Dysfunction In Patients Paced From Right Ventricular Apex

Background: Cardiac dysfunction after right ventricular (RV) apical pacing is well known but its extent, time frame of appearance and individual effect on left ventricular (LV), RV systolic and diastolic parameters has not evaluated in a systematic fashion. Methods: Patients with symptomatic bradycardia and ACC-AHA Class I indication for permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) were implanted a single chamber (VVI) pacemaker. They were followed prospectively by echocardiographic examination which was done at baseline, 1 week, 1 month and 6 months after implantation. Parameters observed were chamber dimensions (M-line), chamber volumes, cardiac output (modified Simpson's method), systolic functions (ejection fraction, pre-ejection period, ejection time and ratio) and diastolic functions( isovolumic relaxation time & deceleration time) of left and right heart. Results: Forty eight consecutive patients (mean age 65.6±11.8 yrs, 66.7% males, mean EF 61.82±10.36%) implanted a VVI pacemaker were enrolled in this study. The first significant change to appear in cardiac function after VVI pacing was in diastolic properties of RV as shown by increase in RV isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) from 65.89±15.93 to 76.58±17.00 ms,(p<0.001) at 1week and RV deceleration time (DT) from 133.84±38.13 to 153.09±31.41 ms, (p=0.02) at 1 month. Increase in RV internal dimension (RVID) from 1.26±0.41 to 1.44±0.44, (p<0.05) was also noticed at 1 week. The LV diastolic parameters were significantly altered after 1 month with increase in LV-IVRT from 92.36±21.47 to 117.24±27.21ms, (p<0.001) and increase in LV DT from 147.56±31.84 to 189.27±28.49ms,(p<0.01). This was followed by LV systolic abnormality which appeared at 6 months with an increase in LVPEP from 100.33±14.43 to 118.41±21.34ms, (p<0.001) and increase in LVPEP/LVET ratio from 0.34±0.46 to 0.44±0.10, (p<0.001)]. The reduction in LV EF was manifested at 6 months falling from 61.82±10.36% to52.52±12.11%, (p<0.05) without any significant change in the resting cardiac output. Conclusion: The present study shows that dysfunction of right ventricle is the first abnormality that occurs in VVI paced patients, which manifests by 1 week followed by LV dysfunction which starts appearing by 1 month and the diastolic dysfunctions precede the systolic dysfunction in both ventricles

Segment Oriented Compression Scheme for MOLAP Based on Extendible Multidimensional Arrays

Many statistical and MOLAP applications use multidimensional arrays as the basic data structure to allow the efficient and convenient storage and retrieval of large volumes of business data for decision making. Allocation of data or data compression is a key performance factor for this purpose because performance strongly depends on the amount of storage required and availability of memory. This holds especially for data warehousing environments in which huge amounts of data have to be dealt with. The most evident consequence of data compression is that it reduces storage cost by packing more logical data per unit of physical capacity. And improved performance is a net outcome because less physical data need to be retrieved during scan-oriented queries. In this paper, an efficient data compression technique is proposed based on the notion of extendible array. The main idea of the scheme is to compress each of the segments of the extendible array using the position information only. We compare the proposed scheme for different performance issues with prominent compression schemes.</p

Charged gravastars admitting conformal motion

We propose a new model of a {\it gravastar} admitting conformal motion. While retaining the framework of the Mazur-Mottola model, the gravastar is assumed to be internally charged, with an exterior defined by a Reissner-Nordstr{\"o}m rather than a Schwarzschild line element. The solutions obtained involve (i) the interior region, (ii) the shell, and (iii) the exterior region of the sphere. Of these three cases the first case is of primary interest since the total gravitational mass vanishes for vanishing charge and turns the total gravitational mass into an {\it electromagnetic mass} under certain conditions. This suggests that the interior de Sitter vacuum of a charged gravastar is essentially an electromagnetic mass model that must generate the gravitational mass. We have also analyzed various other aspects such as the stress energy tensor in the thin shell and the entropy of the system.Comment: Minor addition, Accepted in Phys. Lett.

A comparative study on zinc fertilizer brands available in the markets of Jessore region

A study was conducted in Monirampur upazila under Jessore district from July to December, 2016 to collect information on names, numbers and comparative availability of different brands of Zinc fertilizers in order to aid the assessment of nutrient status for quality of the brands. For this purpose, information was collected from 54 randomly selected fertilizer shops (20 BCIC fertilizer dealers and 34 retailers) through questionnaire interview. In the study total 77 brands [41 Zinc sulfate (mono), 11 Zinc sulfate (hepta) and 25 Chelated zinc] of zinc fertilizer marketed by 49 companies were found in the upazila. Zingsul, Mim zinc, Grogin, Bumper mono zinc, Eon zinc and Geel mono of Zinc sulfate (mono) brands, Topaz of Zinc sulfate (hepta) brands and Mim zinc gold of Chelated zinc brands were mostly available. “Grogin” of Zinc sulfate (mono) and “Topaz” of Zinc sulfate (hepta) were the top most available. Ten percent of Zinc sulfate (hepta) mentioned no registration number. There was a significant difference between highest and lowest MRP of all types (imported, supplied and manufactured) of Zinc sulfate (mono) and Zinc sulfate (hepta) fertilizer as well as imported Chelated zinc brands.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. &amp; Tech. 7 (2): 57-62, December, 201

Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections using diagnostics tests in adult patients

Background:The primary aim of this study was to evaluate laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infection using diagnostics tests in adult patients.Methods:Among the diagnostic tests, urinalysis is useful mainly for excluding bacteriuria. For isolation of pathogenic bacteria semiquantitative culture techniques was used and biochemical tests were done to differentiate Gram +ve and Gram –ve bacteria.Results: The incidence of pathogenic infection caused by Escherichia coli accounts for 216 cases (60%) followed by Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella.Conclusion:Physicians should distinguish urinary tract infections caused by different organisms for an effective treatment and appropriate clinical information gives clues for better diagnostic evaluation and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents as well addressing host factors that contribute to the occurrence of infection

Stainless steel top-seat angle beam-to-column connection: Full-scale test and analytical modelling

Stainless steel (SS) is increasingly used for structural applications in the construction industry as its beneficial properties outweigh initial material costs when sustainability aspects and the whole life cycle of structures are appropriately accounted for in the structural design. Despite the well-recognised significance of connections in bare metallic construction, experimental research on SS beam-to-column connections, especially full-scale test results, are scarce. This paper presents a full-scale experimental investigation on the semi-rigid behaviour of top-seat bolted connection (also known as ‘flange cleat’ connection) made from austenitic SS. Deformation characteristics of various elements of the connection were carefully investigated and subsequently used to calibrate nonlinear FE models for parametric analysis. Obtained numerical results were used to develop a four-parameter power model that relies on simplified expressions for key input parameters to predict the semi-rigid behaviour of bolted top-seat connections. Results predicted using the proposed model and those obtained using currently available techniques based on carbon steel behaviour were compared. Outcomes of the current research highlighted the significance of appropriate inclusion of stain hardening offered by austenitic grade to capture the semi-rigid response of such connections

Effect of Ispaghula and Oxyphenonium Bromide on the Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome - A Comparative Study

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic continuous or remittent gastrointestinal illness characterized byfrequent unexplained symptoms that include abdominal pain, bloating, and bowel disturbance, in our country, no studyhas been conducted using the Ispaghula husk and oxyphenonium bromide for the treatment of IBS patients. Objectives:To compare the efficacy of treatment with Ispaghula husk and Oxyphenonium bromide. Methods: Total sixty patientsdiagnosed clinically as irritable bowel syndrome irrespective of subtype who fulfilled the Rome II criteria were includedequally into two groups-Group-I (Ispaghula group) &amp; Group-II (Oxyphenonium group). In Group-I patients were given30gm of Ispaghula husk at night daily and in Group-II patients were given 5mg of oxyphenonium bromide. After sixweeks the clinical parameters of both the groups recorded in the case record forms were taken for analysis. Results: Themean age of the patients in the Group- I were 33.4&plusmn;11.9 yrs and that of the patients in the Group-II were 31.0&plusmn;17.5 yrs.Male and female ratio in group I was 14:1 and in group II was 23:7. Most of the patients were recorded in the age groupof 26-30 in both groups. Symptom free patients were graded in 16.7% patients in Group-I and in 20% patients in Group-II. No improvement was occurred in 16.7% patients in Group-I and in 10% patients in Group-II. Conclusions: Ispaghulahusk shows the better efficacy to improve the symptoms of IBS like abdominal pain or discomfort and sense of well beingthan Oxyphenonium bromide. Oxephenonium bromide shows the better efficacy to decrease the stool frequency frombase line than Ispaghula husk.DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i1.5506BSMMU J 2010; 3(1): 3-

Pattern of Pharmacotherapy of Patients Having Ischemic Heart Disease at a Specialized Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Survey Based Study on Patients Discharged from Hospital

Aims: Study on pharmacotherapeutic pattern on cardiovascular patients is rarely done. Patient’s demography, drug usage and its clinical outcome are the basis for the assessment of cardiac treatment. The aim of this study to analyze the demography of patients of ischemic heart disease along with drug usage and current trends of practice in Bangladesh. Methods: This study was carried out over a period of two months at different units of NICVD, situated at Dhaka, Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was prepared to collect necessary data from patients. Descriptive statistics was used to represent the data. Results: A total 363 discharged patients were interviewed followed by the verification of their discharge report and other medical documents to obtain necessary information. Out of 363 patients, frequency of male patients were high (74.66%, N= 271) than female patients (25.34%, N=92). There is a trends of ischemic heart disease development after 40 years of age and found significant in this study (P< 0.05). In this study, 83.19% of total patients were above 40 years of age. We found a significant number of patients also had diabetes, asthma and chronic kidney disease. Treatment approach of ischemic heart disease includes pharmacotherapy, revascularization and percutaneous coronary intervention. 48 patients (13.22%) out of 363 went for revascularization and percutaneous coronary intervention was done to 25 patients (6.89%). The goal of Pharmacotherapy is to reduce blood cholesterol level, prevention of further platelet aggregation, reduction of angina and control of heart rate. In our study, we found that, statins, anti platelet and anti angina/anti ischemic drugs are core in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Beta blocker, ACE inhibitor or ARB, CCB is commonly added to standard therapy to reduce mortality and for better therapeutic outcome. Among statins, the frequency of use of atorvastatin (87.93%), combination of clopidogrel and aspirin (73.90%) among anti platelet agents, combination of trimetazidine and nitroglycerine (61.56%) among anti angina/anti ischemic agents were highest. In our study, we found that bisoprolol was most commonly prescribed by the physicians among other beta blockers. Conclusion: The outcome of this study will be helpful for young professionals, general physicians and other professionals involved in the health care setting for the rational use of drugs and to formulate effective strategy for the management of ischemic heart disease