Interpreting Measurements of Small Strain Elastic Shear Modulus under Unsaturated Conditions

Bender element testing of unsaturated isotropically compacted speswhite kaolin samples was used to investigate the variation of small strain elastic shear modulus G under unsaturated conditions. Testing was performed in a suction-controlled triaxial cell and involved combinations of isotropic loading and unloading stages and wetting and drying stages. Analysis of the experimental results indicated that the variation of G could be represented by a simple expression involving only mean Bishop’s stress p* and specific volume v, with the only significant mismatches between measured and predicted values of G occuring at the end of final unloading. No significant improvement of fit was achieved by incorporating additional dependency on degree of saturation Sr or a bonding parameter ζ. The proposed expression for G reverts to a well-established form for saturated soils as Sr tends to 1

Development of Finite Element Code for Non-Linear Analysis of Interlocking Mortarless Masonry System

Presently, interlocking mortarless masonry system has been developed as an alternative to the conventional mortared masonry system for wall construction. The structural behaviour of the interlocking mortarless masonry system is not well explored and there is no standard and/or design specification for safe design of the interlocking mortarless block masonry system. The existing finite element analyses are simplified due to the absence of the significant and essential structural characteristics of the interlocking mortarless masonry system. Hence these models show inaccurate prediction for the structural response of the masonry system compared to actual behaviour of the system found experimentally. This study aims at investigating numerically the structural response of interlocking masonry system using finite element method. The developed algorithm used in the FE analysis includes appropriate mathematical models to simulate the main features of mortarless masonry system. These models are derived experimentally using small scale specimens. The main features simulated are the structural characteristics of the interlocking dry joints under combined Normal-Shear force actions, the failure mechanism of the joints, nonlinear contact behaviour of the joint considering the geometric imperfection of the block beds, the nonlinear stress-strain behaviour of the masonry materials and the failure of the masonry materials as well as the geometric nonlinearity. Proper test setups have been proposed to measure accurately the joint response under elastic, inelastic and failure stages of load. The actual behaviour of the interlocking system obtained experimentally is mathematically modelled and implemented in the finite element algorithm developed for the analysis of the interlocking masonry system. An incremental-iterative 2-D nonlinear finite element code is developed to implement the proposed algorithm and analyze the masonry system till failure. The developed experimental setups used in this study successfully revealed the important features of the interlocking mortarless joint. The results indicate that the developed constitutive model and finite element code can successfully trace the structural behaviour (capacity, deformation and mode of failure) of the interlocking mortarless masonry system from the initial stage of loading till the failure. A general equation is proposed to estimate the capacity of interlocking mortarless masonry walls under eccentric and concentric vertical loads

A Novel Framework for Software Defined Wireless Body Area Network

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has gained huge popularity in replacing traditional network by offering flexible and dynamic network management. It has drawn significant attention of the researchers from both academia and industries. Particularly, incorporating SDN in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications indicates promising benefits in terms of dealing with challenges like traffic management, authentication, energy efficiency etc. while enhancing administrative control. This paper presents a novel framework for Software Defined WBAN (SDWBAN), which brings the concept of SDN technology into WBAN applications. By decoupling the control plane from data plane and having more programmatic control would assist to overcome the current lacking and challenges of WBAN. Therefore, we provide a conceptual framework for SDWBAN with packet flow model and a future direction of research pertaining to SDWBAN.Comment: Presented on 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulatio

Enhancement of network security by use machine learning

This research is about the design and simulation on enhancement network security using machine learning. The design use MATLAB coding to show the simulation. The coding is designed in a way that there is an attack of malicious to destroy the data. Because there is a machine-learning scheme in the security, the system have done automatically protect the data and hence the data is recovered at the end of the system. The important study in this research is the machine learning with deep learning system to enhance the security. This put the system into artificial intelligent system. By trains the system, the security can be enhanced. The next incoming data have done checked and the system was identify whether it content errors or fake data. By the end of the research, graphs and animation system have done shown to demonstrate the basic operation of the enhance network with machine learning system. From the analysis in the simulation results, one can see that the ANNDL is the best algorithm of machine learning process. This method uses many layers to compute or process the data. The time taken to reach the accuracy is also short with less number of iteration. The ANNDL uses iterations method to detect the data, do matching and identify the data. If the data is 100% matched, then the accuracy increase to 1%. As more and more iteration take places, the accuracy have done increased. Thus, it is suggests to have high number of iterations