Solid waste collection optimization using scine-cosine algorithm

In this study, a mathematical model for optimizing the cost of solid waste recycling and management was developed. Sine-Cosine Algorithm (SCA) was used during the optimization process to identify the level of disposed solid wastes and recycled solid wastes. SCA is a recent optimization algorithm, which requires several initial individual random solutions and requires their outward or inward fluctuation towards the best solution with respect to a mathematical relationship that depends on sine and cosine functions. This algorithm also integrated several adaptive and random variables to ensure the exploration and exploitation of the solution space in different optimization tasks. The outcome of this study suggested the effectiveness of the SCA for least distance path allocation while effectively considering all factors

Nanofluids and Computational Applications in Medicine and Biology

The chapter comprises of two sections: the first concerns with the nanofluids, and the second is about the computational applications in medicine and biology. Nanotechnology is a novel logical methodology that includes materials and gear equipped for controlling the physical just as chemical properties of a substance at subatomic dimensions. This innovation can possibly expel the evident limits between biology, physics, and chemistry to some degree and shape up our present thoughts and comprehension. Consequently, numerous new difficulties and bearings may likewise emerge in education, research, and diagnostics in parallel by the extensive use of nanobiotechnology with the progression of time. Blood flow modeling in various arteries is an important topic of CFD biomechanics. Regardless of these endeavors and advances, there are as yet confounded inquiries around, for example, the interaction between blood flow and various artery diseases

Molecular Localization of Epstein Barr Virus and Rb Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression in Tissues from Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Background Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous in that infecting more than 90% of adult population worldwide. Recently, EBV has been linked to the development of variety of human malignancies including prostate tissues that range from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). Somatic point mutations in Rb gene have been detected in prostate cancer and are involved in progression steps of prostate carcinogenesis. Objective: To analyze the distribution and impact of concordant Rb expression and latent EBV infection on a group of prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Patients and methods: Seventy- two (72) formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded  prostatic tissues were obtained in this study; (40) biopsies from prostatic carcinoma and  (20) from benign prostate hyperplasia as well as (12) apparently normal prostatic  autopsies control group. Detection of EBV-EBERs was done by ultra sensitive version of in situ hybridization method where as immunohistochemistry detection system was used to demonstrate the expression of Rb gene. Results: Detection of EBV-EBERs -ISH reactions in tissues with PAC was observed in 19 out of 40 (47.5%), while in the tissues from BPH was detected in 10% (2 out of 20). No EBV-EBERs positive – ISH reaction was detected in healthy prostate tissues in the control group.   The differences between the percentages of EBERs detection in tissues PAC and each of BPH & control groups were statistically highly significant (P value = < 0.0001). Positive Rb immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions were observed in 19 PAC cases (47.5%) and in 2 BPH cases (10%). Conclusions: Our results indicate that the EBV might contribute to the development of subset of prostate tumors. In addition, the significant percentage of expression of possible Rb gene as well as EBV in prostate adenocarcinoma could indicate for an important role of these molecular and viral factors in prostatic carcinogenesis. Key word: EBV; prostate adenocarcinoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, in situ hybridization

The Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and Its Correlation with Antenatal Care and Parental Smoking in Babylon Province

مقدمة: يعتبر انخفاض الوزن عند الولادة  مصدر قلق خطير للصحة العامة في البلدان المنخفضة ومتوسطة الدخل. في العراق وجدت دراسة أن 276 (51.8 في المائة) من الأطفال حديثي الولادة ولدوا بوزن منخفض عند الولادة. على الصعيد العالمي ، وُلد 20 مليون طفل ، أي ما يقدر بنحو 15٪ إلى 20٪ من الأطفال بوزن منخفض عند الولادة ، و 13٪ منهم في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى. على الرغم من أن منضمة الصحة العالمية توجهت الى  تقليل انخفاض الوزن عند الولادة بنسبة 30٪ بحلول نهاية عام 2025 ، إلا أنه ما تم العمل به كان ضعيفا من اجل تقليل نسبة انخفاض الوزن عند الولادة. طرق العمل: تم تطبيق الدراسة المقطعية في مستشفى بابل التعليمي للولادة والأطفال على مدى ستة أشهر من أبريل 2020 إلى سبتمبر 2020 ، وأجريت الدراسة على 754 مولود حي كامل المدة.  تم أخذ وزن الولادة ومدة الحمل لجميع الأطفال حديثي الولادة و تم ايضا حساب عمر الحمل حسب آخر دورة شهرية وفحص الموجات فوق الصوتية و درجة بالارد جديدة. يتم أخذ المدة الكاملة في الاعتبار عندما يكون عمر الحمل 37 أسبوعًا. الخدج والرضع الذين يعانون من عيوب خلقية تم استبعادهم من الدراسة. تم عمل استبيان للأم فيما اذا كانت تحضر رعاية ما قبل الولادة أو لا ، و كون الأم والأب مدخنين أم لا. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام SPSS الإصدار 22.0. تم تطبيق نسبة الأرجحية المعدلة (AOR) بفاصل ثقة 95 ٪ (CI) في نماذج الانحدار اللوجستي متعدد المتغيرات ، واعتبرت قيمة p أقل من 0.05 ذات دلالة إحصائية. الاستنتاجات: - بلغ إجمالي وزن المواليد المنخفضي الوزن 69 من العدد الإجمالي للمدة الكاملة 754 بنسبة 9.2٪ وعدد كبر عمر الحمل 22 بنسبة 2.9٪. توجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الرعاية السابقة للولادة وانخفاض الوزن عند الولادة بقيمة P <0.001 وأيضًا علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين تدخين الأم أثناء الحمل وانخفاض الوزن عند الولادة بقيمة P <0.001. لكن لا علاقة له بتدخين الأب..Across sectional study was applied in Babylon teaching hospital for obstetric and children over six months period from April 2020 to September 2020 the study was done on 754 full term live birth neonate The birth wight and gestational age was taken for all newborn. The gestational age was calculated by last menstrual period and ultrasound examination and a new Ballard score. Full term is considered when the gestational age is ≥ 37 weeks Premature and infants with birth defects were excluded from the study Questionnaire was taken from mother whither attend ANC (antenatal care) or not and whither mother and father are smoker or not. The total number of low births weight was 69 from the total number full term which are 754 with a percentage of 9.2% and the number of large gestational age is 22 with a percentage of 2.9% . there is significant relationship between antenatal care and low birth weight with P-value <0.001 and also significant relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight with P-value <0.001. but there is no relationship with paternal smoking

Dynamic Python-Based Method Provides Quantitative Analysis of Intercellular Junction Organization During S. pneumoniae Infection of the Respiratory Epithelium

Many respiratory pathogens compromise epithelial barrier function during lung infection by disrupting intercellular junctions, such as adherens junctions and tight junctions, that maintain intercellular integrity. This includes Streptococcus pneumoniae, a leading cause of pneumonia, which can successfully breach the epithelial barrier and cause severe infections such as septicemia and meningitis. Fluorescence microscopy analysis on intercellular junction protein manipulation by respiratory pathogens has yielded major advances in our understanding of their pathogenesis. Unfortunately, a lack of automated image analysis tools that can tolerate variability in sample-sample staining has limited the accuracy in evaluating intercellular junction organization quantitatively. We have created an open source, automated Python computer script called “Intercellular Junction Organization Quantification” or IJOQ that can handle a high degree of sample-sample staining variability and robustly measure intercellular junction integrity. In silico validation of IJOQ was successful in analyzing computer generated images containing varying degrees of simulated intercellular junction disruption. Accurate IJOQ analysis was further confirmed using images generated from in vitro and in vivo bacterial infection models. When compared in parallel to a previously published, semi-automated script used to measure intercellular junction organization, IJOQ demonstrated superior analysis for all in vitro and in vivo experiments described herein. These data indicate that IJOQ is an unbiased, easy-to-use tool for fluorescence microscopy analysis and will serve as a valuable, automated resource to rapidly quantify intercellular junction disruption under diverse experimental conditions

Risks of Credit Grant by Commercial Banks

إن الخطر عنصر طبيعي في البيئة المصرفية ويلازمها مهما كانت طبيعتها ومهما كان نوعها،  لذلك فإن المصارف التجارية تتعرض عند تقديمها للقروض والإئتمانات إلى جملة من المخاطر، هذه الأخيرة هي وليدة عدد من العوامل إلا أن العامل الجوهري في ذلك ناتج عن عدم  رغبة المقترض في تسديد مما بذمته من قروض أو عدم مقدرته في تحقيق الدخل المناسب لغرض إعادة القرض.      ويعتبر خطر الإئتمان  المتغير الأساسي المؤثر على صافي الدخل والقيمة السوقية لحقوق الملكية الناتجة عن عدم السداد أو تأجيله وهناك أنواع  مختلفة تتميز بإحتمال حدوث عجز عن السداد فيها، وتمثل القروض أكبر هذه الأنواع والتي تتصف باكبر قدر من مخاطر الإئتمان، فالتغير في الظروف الإقتصادية العامة و مناخ التشغيل بالشركة يؤثر على التدفقات النقدية المتاحة لخدمة الدين، لذا يجب التنبؤ بهذه الظروف حتى ولو بجزء منها، ذلك باستخدام طرق وأساليب و نماذج إحصائية ليسهل على  البنوك تحليل الإئتمان لكل طلب قرض على حدى لتقييم قدرة المقترض على رد القرض، لذا ينبغي على المصارف أن تولي أهمية خاصة لمثل هذه المخاطر من أجل وضع حد للآثار السلبية الناجمة عنها والمحافظة عليها من أدنى حد ممكن. The risk is a natural element in the banking environment, and it is accompanied regardless of its nature and whatever its type. Therefore, the commercial banks, when providing loans and credits, are exposed to a set of risks. The latter is the result of a number of factors, but the intrinsic factor is a result of the unwillingness of the borrower to pay back the owed debts or the inability to generate an appropriate income for the purpose of repaying the loan.     The credit risk is the primary variable affecting net income and the market value of equity resulting from non-payment or postponement and there are different types characterized by the possibility of default, and loans represent the largest of these types, which characterized the greatest amount of credit risk, the change in economic conditions and the operating climate of the company affects the cash flows available that serve the debt. Therefore, these conditions must be predicted, even if only in part, by using statistical methods, methods and models to make it easier for banks to analyze the credit for each loan application separately to assess the borrower's ability to repay the loan, so banks should attach special importance to such risks in order to put an end to the negative effects resulting and keep it to the lowest level as possible. &nbsp

The design of an efficient class E-LCCL capacitive power transfer system through frequency tuning method

In this work, the optimum zero voltage switching (ZVS) of Class E-LCCL capacitive power transfer (CPT) was determined via frequency tuning method. Through this an efficient system can be guanranteed although there is a change in the capacitive plates distance. This study used a Class-E LCCL inverter, as it can operate at a high alternate current frequency, besides producing low switching losses and minimal power losses. Specifically, this study conducted simulations and experiments to analyse the performance of an LCCL CPT System at 1 MHz operating frequency and 24 V DC supply voltage. Using an air gap distance of 0.1 cm, the designed CPT system prototype successfully achieved an output power of 10W and an efficiency of 95.45%. This study also found that by tuning the resonant frequency of the Class E-LCCL system, the optimum ZVS can be obtained although capacitive plate distance was varied from 1-3 cm via experimental. The results of this study could benefit medical implant and portable device development, consumer electronics, and environments that involve electrical hazards

Influence of abiotic factors on the efficacy of insect growth regulators against Trogoderma granarium (Everts)(Coleoptera: Dermestidae): Presentation

Present study was designed to investigate the effects of different combinations of three temperatures (20, 25 and 30?) and three relative humidity levels (55, 65 and 75%) on the efficacy of three synthetic IGRs i.e., pyriproxyfen, lufenuron and buprofezin at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10ppm on fecundity and adult emergence inhibition of T. granarium under controlled laboratory conditions. This study was conducted at Grain Research Training and Storage management Cell, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. All the treatments were replicated three times using Completely Randomized Design. Larvae of T. granarium were exposed to IGRs at different levels of temperature and relative humidity. F1 adult emergence results showed that at temperature 20°C, the highest percent reduction in adult emergence (84.38, 70.65 and 79.94%) was recorded after exposure to lufenuron, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen treated diet, respectively. At 75% relative humidity, lufenuron, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen caused 77.53, 80.00 and 80.32% reduction in adult emergence, respectively. Adults were exposed to IGRs at different temperature and relative humidity to evaluate the oviposition inhibition. The results revealed that at temperature 20°C, maximum percent reduction in fecundity (87.95, 80.45 and 70.55%) was recorded after exposure to buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and lufenuron treated diet, respectively. At 75% relative humidity buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and lufenuron caused 86.73, 83.72 and 69.11% reduction in fecundity, respectively. It is concluded that temperature and relative humidity play an important role in the effectiveness of insect growth regulators.Present study was designed to investigate the effects of different combinations of three temperatures (20, 25 and 30?) and three relative humidity levels (55, 65 and 75%) on the efficacy of three synthetic IGRs i.e., pyriproxyfen, lufenuron and buprofezin at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10ppm on fecundity and adult emergence inhibition of T. granarium under controlled laboratory conditions. This study was conducted at Grain Research Training and Storage management Cell, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. All the treatments were replicated three times using Completely Randomized Design. Larvae of T. granarium were exposed to IGRs at different levels of temperature and relative humidity. F1 adult emergence results showed that at temperature 20°C, the highest percent reduction in adult emergence (84.38, 70.65 and 79.94%) was recorded after exposure to lufenuron, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen treated diet, respectively. At 75% relative humidity, lufenuron, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen caused 77.53, 80.00 and 80.32% reduction in adult emergence, respectively. Adults were exposed to IGRs at different temperature and relative humidity to evaluate the oviposition inhibition. The results revealed that at temperature 20°C, maximum percent reduction in fecundity (87.95, 80.45 and 70.55%) was recorded after exposure to buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and lufenuron treated diet, respectively. At 75% relative humidity buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and lufenuron caused 86.73, 83.72 and 69.11% reduction in fecundity, respectively. It is concluded that temperature and relative humidity play an important role in the effectiveness of insect growth regulators

A Detailed Hydrodynamic Study of the Split-Plate Airlift Reactor by using Non-Invasive Gamma-Ray Techniques

This study focused on detailed investigations of selected local hydrodynamics in split airlift reactor by using an unconventional measurements facility: computed tomography (CT) and radioactive particle tracking (RPT). The local distribution in a cross-sectional manner with its radial\u27s profiles for gas holdup, liquid velocity flow field, shear stresses, and turbulent kinetic energy were studied under various gas velocity 1, 2 and 3 cm/s with various six axial level z = 12, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 112 cm. The distribution in gas–liquid phases in the whole split reactor column, the riser and downcomer sides, including their behavior at the top and bottom sections of the split plate was also described. The outcomes of this study displayed an exemplary gas–liquid phases dispersion approximately in all reactor\u27s zones and had large magnitude over the ring of the sparger as well as upper the split plate. Furthermore, the outcomes pointed out that the distribution of this flow may significantly impacts the performance of the split reactor, which may have essential influence on its performance particularly for microorganisms culturing applications. These outcomes are dependable as benchmark information to validate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and other models

Enhancing Heat Transfer Performance In Simulated Fischer–Tropsch Fluidized Bed Reactor Through Tubes Ends Modifications

Fluidized bed reactors are essential in a wide range of industrial applications, encompassing processes such as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and catalytic cracking. The optimization of performance and reduction in energy consumption in these reactors necessitate the use of efficient heat transfer mechanisms. The present work examines the considerable impact of tube end geometries, superficial gas velocity, and radial position on heat transfer coefficients within fluidized bed reactors. It was found that the tapered tube end configurations have been empirically proven to improve energy efficiency in fluidized bed reactors significantly. For example, at a superficial gas velocity of 0.4 m/s, the tapered end form\u27s local heat transfer coefficient (LHTC) demonstrated a significant 20% enhancement compared to the flat end shape. The results and findings of this work make a valuable contribution to the advancement of complex models, enhance the efficiency of fluidized bed reactor processes, and encourage further investigation into novel tube geometries