SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKTRAK DAUN JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus Epidermidis DAN Escherichia Coli

Infectious disease is one of the diseases caused by microbes, including bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli are gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that cause infectious diseases. The selection of medicinal plants as an alternative solution is an effective way of reducing the resistance of bacteria. Based on the empirical data, herbal plants with antimicrobial potential are red ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum). This research aimed to determine the inhibition test on Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Escherichia coli due to phytochemical compounds contained in the leaves of red ginger which serve as an antibacterial. Through this experimental laboratory research, a crude drug was extracted using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent. The phytochemical screening results of n-hexane extract showed that red ginger leaves contain alkaloids and terpenoids; chloroform extract contains alkaloids, steroids, and tannins; ethyl acetate extract contains alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and tannins; and the methanol extract contains alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. Chloramphenicol and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as the positive control and negative control respectively. Inhibition test results were obtained from the four n-hexane extracts, chloroform extracts, ethyl acetate extracts, and methanol extracts with three different concentrations.The results obtained the greatest inhibition against Staphylococcus Epidermidis bacteria, namely at a concentration of 20% chlorform extract of red ginger leaves as large as 18,90 mm. Meanwhile, the inhibition of Escherichia Coli is at a concentration of 20% n-hexane extract with an inhibitory power of 17,84 mm inhibition zone that is classified as a strong category to inhibit the growth of bacteria .The results of the One Way ANOVA data analysis (p less than 0.01) with a confidence level of 99%

Penapisan Fitokimia dan Efek Penyembuhan Luka Insisi Daun Jarak Merah (Jatropha gossypiifolia) pada Mencit (Mus musculus)

Bellyache Bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) is a plant registered as one of the plants withvarious medical properties due to its Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins, and Terpenoids. Bellyache Bush plays a significant role in accelerating wound healing and cell regeneration. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the ethyl acetate fraction from Bellyache Bush leaves (Jatropha gossypiifolia) on male mice (Mus musculus). Bellyache Bush leaves was extracted using a multistage maceration method using n-hexane and ethyl acetate as solvents. This effectiveness of incision wound healing was tested by divided the test animals into five experimental groups, and each consisting of 3 male mice. All mice were treated according to their respective experimental groups : Group 1 (negative control), Group 2 (positive control with 10% povidone iodine), Group 3 (5% Bellyache Bush extract), Group 4 (10% Bellyache Bush extract), Group 5 (15% Bellyache Bush extract), until the wounds healed or white scar tissue was observed. The results indicate that at a concentration of 15% the ethyl acetate fraction of Bellyache Bush extract was more effective compared to the positive control, povidine iodine

Isolasi, Karakterisasi, dan Uji Antioksidan Fungi Endofit dari Tanaman Batang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.,)

Endophytic fungi live in mutualistic symbiosis and can produce secondary metabolites similar to their host. This research aims to isolate, characterize, and test the antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites from turmeric stems. This research is experimental research where the method used for endophytic fungi isolation is the direct planting method, and antioxidant activity is tested using qualitative and quantitative methods with DPPH (1.1-diphenyl-2-picylhydrazyl). One fungal isolate was obtained with the fungal isolate code (BK). Based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization, the BK fungal isolate indicates the Deuteromycota class's characteristics. The qualitative antioxidant test results indicate that the fraction of BK endophytic fungal isolate indicates antioxidant activity, indicated by the yellow color against a purple background on the TLC plate observed under visible light. The respective ICso values for the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions were 52.989 µg/ml and 89.725 µg/ml, categorized as strong antioxidants. The methanol fraction had an ICso value of 119.02 µg/ml, categorized as moderate, while the pure supernatant fraction had an ICso value of 156.86 µg/ml, categorized as weak antioxidant activity

Teacher’s Self-regulation in Solving the Problem with Contradiction Information

The teacher's self-regulation in solving problems with contradictory information needs to be investigated because this certainly has an impact on students' self-regulation abilities. However, research related to this is still limited. Problem with Contradiction Information (PWCI) is appropriate to view self-regulation. This research is a case study which involved teachers in East Java, Indonesia and already have an educator certificate. There are 24 teachers as participants of this research, 14 females and 10 males. The objectives of this study describe how the teacher's response when completing PWCI and how the teacher's self-regulation when solving PWCI. Data were collected through tests and interviews. The results show that (1) There are two types of teacher responses in completing PWCI, the first type is the teacher who answers the questions directly without checking the provided information, the second type is the teacher who is thorough and cross-checks before working on the questions, (2) The emergence of self-assessment  teacher regulation when completing PWCI is divided into four, namely, teacher self-regulation appears at the stage of understanding, implementing, re-checking and does not appear when completing PWCI.  Most of the teachers are not aware of the contradictions in the questions given

The space group classification of topological band insulators

Topological band insulators (TBIs) are bulk insulating materials which feature topologically protected metallic states on their boundary. The existing classification departs from time-reversal symmetry, but the role of the crystal lattice symmetries in the physics of these topological states remained elusive. Here we provide the classification of TBIs protected not only by time-reversal, but also by crystalline symmetries. We find three broad classes of topological states: (a) Gamma-states robust against general time-reversal invariant perturbations; (b) Translationally-active states protected from elastic scattering, but susceptible to topological crystalline disorder; (c) Valley topological insulators sensitive to the effects of non-topological and crystalline disorder. These three classes give rise to 18 different two-dimensional, and, at least 70 three-dimensional TBIs, opening up a route for the systematic search for new types of TBIs.Comment: Accepted in Nature Physic

Ex-situ development and characterization of composite film based on bacterial cellulose derived from oil palm frond juice and chitosan as food packaging

The development of alternative food packaging films using bio-based residues is in great demand for replacing petroleum-based packaging materials. However, large-scale application is severely limited by costly production and poor performance. This study investigates the ex-situ modification of bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Acetobacter xylinum in oil palm fronds juice to obtain BC-Chitosan (BCC) films. FTIR revealed the structure of amide I and II bands, confirming the presence of chitosan in BCC films. The FE-SEM images of BCC films showed the formation of a thick chitosan layer with increasing chitosan incorporated into the BC surface structure. The coated chitosan layer observed improved mechanical properties in BCC films due to the disappearance of empty pores between BC fibers. Increments in chitosan concentration slightly decreased the thermal behavior of BCC. The antimicrobial effects of BCC films were effective against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) when the concentration of chitosan incorporated was above 0.6 %w/v. This study reveals the potential of extending the application of BC derived from oil palm frond juice (OPFJ) for developing food packaging materials

A topological Dirac insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase : Experimental observation of first strong topological insulator

When electrons are subject to a large external magnetic field, the conventional charge quantum Hall effect \cite{Klitzing,Tsui} dictates that an electronic excitation gap is generated in the sample bulk, but metallic conduction is permitted at the boundary. Recent theoretical models suggest that certain bulk insulators with large spin-orbit interactions may also naturally support conducting topological boundary states in the extreme quantum limit, which opens up the possibility for studying unusual quantum Hall-like phenomena in zero external magnetic field. Bulk Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_x$ single crystals are expected to be prime candidates for one such unusual Hall phase of matter known as the topological insulator. The hallmark of a topological insulator is the existence of metallic surface states that are higher dimensional analogues of the edge states that characterize a spin Hall insulator. In addition to its interesting boundary states, the bulk of Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_x$ is predicted to exhibit three-dimensional Dirac particles, another topic of heightened current interest. Here, using incident-photon-energy-modulated (IPEM-ARPES), we report the first direct observation of massive Dirac particles in the bulk of Bi$_{0.9}$Sb$_{0.1}$, locate the Kramers' points at the sample's boundary and provide a comprehensive mapping of the topological Dirac insulator's gapless surface modes. These findings taken together suggest that the observed surface state on the boundary of the bulk insulator is a realization of the much sought exotic "topological metal". They also suggest that this material has potential application in developing next-generation quantum computing devices.Comment: 16 pages, 3 Figures. Submitted to NATURE on 25th November(2007

Strain-induced partially flat band, helical snake states, and interface superconductivity in topological crystalline insulators

Topological crystalline insulators in IV-VI compounds host novel topological surface states consisting of multi-valley massless Dirac fermions at low energy. Here we show that strain generically acts as an effective gauge field on these Dirac fermions and creates pseudo-Landau orbitals without breaking time-reversal symmetry. We predict the realization of this phenomenon in IV-VI semiconductor heterostructures, due to a naturally occurring misfit dislocation array at the interface that produces a periodically varying strain field. Remarkably, the zero-energy Landau orbitals form a flat band in the vicinity of the Dirac point, and coexist with a network of snake states at higher energy. We propose that the high density of states of this flat band gives rise to interface superconductivity observed in IV-VI semiconductor multilayers at unusually high temperatures, with non-BCS behavior. Our work demonstrates a new route to altering macroscopic electronic properties to achieve a partially flat band, and paves the way for realizing novel correlated states of matter.Comment: Accepted by Nature Physic

Pelatihan Penggunaan Media Quizziz dan Socrative sebagai Alternatif Asesmen Daring

Pandemi Corona virus (COVID-19) menimbulkan perubahan dalam bidang pendidikan. Tidak hanya dalam proses pembelajaran, namun juga dalam proses penilaian. Semua hal yang tadinya dilakukan secara luring kini harus dilakukan secara daring. Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan quzziz dan socrative sebagai media penilaian online. Peserta kegiatan PKM ini adalah guru SMAN 4 Polewali Mandar. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan dan pendampingan yang berlangsung pada 3-6 Desember 2020 menggunakan aplikasi zoom meeting. Kegiatan PKM ini menghasilkan atusiasme yang tinggi dari guru SMAN 4 Polewali Mandar. Luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah guru mampu membuat soal ulangan harian melalui media quizziz dan socrative