Effect of tempering upon the tensile properties of a nanostructured bainitic steel

The tensile properties of a nanostructured carbide-free bainitic steel formed at 200–250 °C are compared against those after tempering sufficiently to remove the retained austenite. Although significant ductility is observed following tempering, a comparison of tempered and untempered samples shows that it is in fact reduced when a comparison is made at identical strength. The shape of the stress–strain curves shows clear evidence that the capacity for work hardening is reduced with the loss of austenite. The nanostructure of the steel transformed at 250 °C is examined by transmission electron microscopy, to compare the as-transformed to the tempered structure. In this case after tempering at 500 °C the energy absorbed during the tensile test is lower, due to the lower strength. Reduction of strength is caused by the slight coarsening of the bainite plates, and lower dislocation density after tempering. Considering the formation of carbide particles in high strength steel, impressive ductility is exhibited even in the tempered condition.The authors would like to thank Professor A. L. Greer for the provision of laboratory facilities at the University of Cambridge and also express their gratitude to the Scholars Rescue Fund of International Institute of Education in Washington DC, for supporting Hala Salman Hasan’s work in Cambridge.This is the accepted manuscript version. The final published version is available from Elsevier at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921509314009642

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo after radiologic scanning: a case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of vertigo. It is frequently seen in elderly patients, and the course of the attack may easily mimic cerebrovascular disease. A BPPV attack after a radiologic examination has not been reported previously. We report the cases of two patients who had BPPV attacks after radiologic imaging.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>The first patient with headache and tremor was admitted to the radiology department for cranial computed tomography (CT) imaging. During scanning, she was asked to lie in the supine position with no other head movements for approximately 10 minutes. After the cranial CT imaging, she stood up rapidly, and suddenly experienced a vertigo attack and nausea. The second patient was admitted to the radiology department for evaluation of his renal arteries. During the renal magnetic resonance angiography, he was in the supine position for 20 minutes and asked not to move. After the examination, he stood up rapidly with the help of the technician and suddenly experienced a vertigo attack with nausea and vomiting. The results of standard laboratory analyses and their neurologic examinations were within normal limits and Dix-Hallpike tests showed rotatory nystagmus in both cases. An Epley maneuver was performed to the patients. The results of a control Dix-Hallpike tests after 1 Epley maneuver were negative in both patients.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Radiologists and clinicians must keep in mind that after radiologic imaging in which the patient is still for some time in the supine position and then helped to stand up rapidly, a BPPV attack may occur.</p

Uji Kisaran Inang Potyvirus Penyebab Mosaik Nilam (Pogostemon Cablin (Blanco) Benth) Asal Sulawesi Tenggara

The objective of the research was to determine the host alternate of Potyvirus in Southeast Sulawesi using a host range technique. Observed variables were incubation period, disease incidence, and variation symptom. The research results showed that virus isolates could be mechanically transmitted to melon plant (Cucumismelo) but showing no external symptoms while on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), long-beans (Vigna sinensis), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana), swamp-land (Ipomoea reptana), red-amaranth (Alternantheraamoena), chili (Capsicum annum), and egg plant (Solanum melongena) so far the existence of the Potyvirus could not be detected after mechanically inoculated

UJI KISARAN INANG POTYVIRUS PENYEBAB MOSAIK NILAM (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth) ASAL SULAWESI TENGGARA

The objective of the research was to determine the host alternate of Potyvirus in Southeast Sulawesi using a host range technique. Observed variables were incubation period, disease incidence, and variation symptom. The research results showed that virus isolates could be mechanically transmitted to melon plant (Cucumismelo) but showing no external symptoms while on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), long-beans (Vigna sinensis), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana), swamp-land (Ipomoea reptana), red-amaranth (Alternantheraamoena), chili (Capsicum annum), and egg plant (Solanum melongena) so far the existence of the Potyvirus could not be detected after mechanically inoculated

Dhaka city water logging hazards: area identification and vulnerability assessment through GIS-remote sensing techniques

Water logging is one of the most detrimental phenomena continuing to burden Dhaka dwellers. This study aims to spatio-temporarily identify the water logging hazard zones within Dhaka Metropolitan area and assess the extent of their water logging susceptibility based on informal settlements, built-up areas, and demographical characteristics. The study utilizes integrated geographic information system (GIS)-remote sensing (RS) methods, using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Water and Moisture Index, distance buffer zone from drainage streams, and built-up distributions to identify waterlogged zones with a temporal extent, incorporating social and infrastructural attributes to evaluate water logging effects. These indicators were integrated into an overlay GIS method to measure the vulnerability level across Dhaka city areas. The findings reveal that south and south-western parts of Dhaka were more susceptible to water logging hazards. Almost 35% of Dhaka belongs to the high/very highly vulnerable zone. Greater number of slum households were found within high to very high water logging vulnerable zones and approximately 70% of them are poorly structured. The built-up areas were observed to be increased toward the northern part of Dhaka and were exposed to severe water logging issues. The overall findings reveal the spatio-temporal distribution of the water logging vulnerabilities across the city as well as its impact on the social indicators. An integrated approach is necessary for future development plans to mitigate the risk of water logging

Metode Infrared Thermography (IRT) untuk deteksi cepat lubang aktif tikus sawah

Tikus sawah (Rattus-rattus argentiventer) dapat menyebabkan kerusakan yang parah pada tanaman padi sawah. Pengendalian dengan fumigasi (pengasapan) berbahan aktif sulfur dapat membunuh tikus dalam lubang pematang. Fumigasi akan efektif bila lubang aktif tikus diketahui, namun mengenali lubang aktif tikus tidaklah mudah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi potensi metode Infrared Thermography (IRT) dalam mendeteksi lubang aktif tikus sawah melalui visualisasi citra termal. Beberapa lubang tikus yang ditemukan di areal persawahan milik petani di Desa Lebo Jaya, Kecamatan Konda, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara direkam citra termalnya menggunakan FLIR C2 Compact Thermal Imager. Selanjutnya, citra termal dan RGB (red green blue) diolah menggunakan aplikasi FLIR Tools versi 6.4.18039.1003 (FLIR® Systems, USA) dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis suhu rata-rata lubang tikus menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Hasil pengolahan citra termal menunjukkan bahwa area tanah galian lubang tikus yaitu area sisi dalam lubang berwarna lebih gelap yang menandakan bahwa suhu tanah di area tersebut lebih rendah sampai berkisar pada suhu 28 °C, sebaliknya area sisi luar lubang berwarna lebih terang yang menandakan bahwa suhu tanah yang lebih tinggi sampai berkisar pada suhu 32 °C. Metode IRT ini sangat potensial untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai metode deteksi cepat lubang aktif tikus sawah. Implementasinya bersama teknologi drone (UAV) akan mengefisienkan waktu petani saat menandai lubang aktif tikus sawah pada areal persawahan yang luas. Selain itu, pengendalian tikus dengan teknik fumigasi juga akan menjadi lebih efektif dan ekonomis

DETEKSI POTYVIRUS PADA NILAM (Pogostemon Cablin (BLANCO) BENTH) DENGAN TEKNIK ELISA DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

Mosaic symptoms were observed on Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) around North Kolaka and Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi during surveys in early 2012. Indirect-ELISA based detection was conducted using symptomatic leaf samples. The objective of the research was to determine disease incidence of Potyvirus in several farms of Patchouli plant in Southeast Sulawesi. The results showed that Patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin) was found to be infected with Potyvirus disease showing mosaic symptoms and malformation on the leaf samples i.e. in Amotowo and Boro-Boro Villages of subdistrict Boro-Boro, and Landabaro Village, Mowila subdistrict of South Konawe regency; Asinua Village of subdistrict Unaaha, Lambuya district of subdistrict Lambuya, and Bungguosu district, Konawe subdistrict of Konawe regency; and Anduonohu district, Poasia subdistrict of Kendari regency. This is the first report on Potyvirus infection on patchouli in Southeast Sulawesi. Keywords: Inderect-ELISA, mosaic, Potyvirus, Pogostemon cabli

Analisis Morfometrik Daun Cabai Bergejala Kuning Keriting Menggunakan Pendekatan Pengolahan Citra Digital dan Algoritma Data Mining

Gejala kuning keriting pada daun cabai umumnya disebabkan oleh infeksi Begomovirus. Daun tanaman terinfeksi tidak hanya mengalami perubahan warna sebagai indikator rusaknya klorofil tetapi juga mengalami perubahan morfologi bentuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguantifikasi gejala infeksi Begomovirus berdasarkan perubahan morfologi bentuk daun menggunakan pengolahan citra digital dan algoritma data mining yang akan memudahkan dalam pemantauan dan analisis perkembangan penyakit tanaman. Total 33 citra daun cabai rawit bergejala kuning keriting maupun tidak bergejala menjadi dataset penelitian ini. Citra daun cabai tersebut diolah dan diekstrak karakteristik bentuknya berupa circularity, aspect ratio, roundness, dan solidity menggunakan aplikasi Fiji-ImageJ. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji beda (uji-t), pengelompokan citra menggunakan algoritma Simple K-Means, dan evaluasi ketepatan hasil pengelompokan berdasarkan indeks ARI dan NMI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum ada perbedaan bentuk yang nyata antara daun bergejala dengan daun tidak bergejala. Daun cabai rawit bergejala kuning keriting memiliki rata-rata nilai aspect ratio dan solidity yang lebih kecil dibandingkan daun cabai tidak bergejala, sebaliknya memiliki rata-rata nilai circularity dan roundness yang lebih besar dibandingkan daun cabai tidak bergejala. Evaluasi ketepatan pengelompokan sampel daun cabai rawit bergejala maupun tidak bergejala berdasarkan indeks ARI dan NMI menghasilkan nilai terbaik untuk pengelompokkan ke dalam dua kelompok.Morphometric Analysis of Chili Leaves with Yellow Curly Symptom Using Digital Image Processing Approach and Data Mining Algorithm Yellow curling symptoms on chili leaves are generally caused by Begomovirus infection. The leaves of infected plants not only change color as an indicator of chlorophyll damage but also experience changes in morphological shape. This research aims to quantify the symptoms of Begomovirus infection based on morphological changes in leaf shape using digital image processing and data mining algorithms that will facilitate monitoring and analysis of plant disease development. A total of 33 images of cayenne pepper leaves with yellow curly symptoms and without symptoms became the dataset of this study. Using the Fiji-ImageJ application, the chili leaf images were processed and extracted in the shape characteristics, i.e., circularity, aspect ratio, roundness, and solidity. Furthermore, a t-test and image clustering using the Simple K-Means algorithm was conducted, followed by evaluation of the accuracy of the clustering results based on the ARI and NMI indexes. The results showed that, in general, there was a significant difference in shape between symptomatic and non-symptomatic leaves. The ratio and solidity value of leaves with yellow curly symptom was smaller than those of non-symptomatic chili leaves. In contrast, circularity and roundness value of symptomatic leaves was larger than those of non-symptomatic chili leaves. Evaluation of the accuracy of samples grouping for cayenne pepper leaves with and without symptoms based on the ARI and NMI indicated that grouping them into two groups gave the best value

Use of complementary and alternative medicine by those with a chronic disease and the general population - results of a national population based survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming more common, but population-based descriptions of its patterns of use are lacking. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CAM use in the general population and for those with asthma, diabetes, epilepsy and migraine.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data from cycles 1.1, 2.1 and 3.1 of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) were used for the study. The CCHS is a national cross-sectional survey administered to 400,055 Canadians aged ≥12 between 2001-2005. Self-reported information about professionally diagnosed health conditions was elicited. CCHS surveys use a multistage stratified cluster design to randomly select a representative sample of Canadian household residents. Descriptive data on the utilization of CAM services was calculated and logistic regression was used to determine what sociodemographic factors predict CAM use.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Weighted estimates show that 12.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 12.2-12.5) of Canadians visited a CAM practitioner in the year they were surveyed; this rate was significantly higher for those with asthma 15.1% (95% CI: 14.5-15.7) and migraine 19.0% (95% CI: 18.4-19.6), and significantly lower for those with diabetes 8.0% (95% CI: 7.4-8.6) while the rate in those with epilepsy (10.3%, 95% CI: 8.4-12.2) was not significantly different from the general population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A large proportion of Canadians use CAM services. Physicians should be aware that their patients may be accessing other services and should be prepared to ask and answer questions about the risks and benefits of CAM services in conjunction with standard medical care.</p