Parental experiences of having a transgender child

Background: Research has found a higher than expected co-occurrence of young people with autism expressing gender diversity. This may create differences in how they approach their social transition, and have implications for the experiences of parents and caregivers. Research suggests that gender-diverse youth have the best possibility of positive outcomes when they are supported by their parents. Aims: To explore experiences of parents who have an adolescent child with autism who has socially transitioned to their self-identified gender. The knowledge gained could improve understanding of social transitions within this population, and how professionals can best support the complexities and specific needs of these young people and their families. Methods: The research employed a qualitative, phenomenological design. Participants were recruited via a national NHS gender service for young people. Ten parents of seven transgender youth with a diagnosis of autism, aged 11-18 years old, participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Six master themes with the inclusion of sub-themes emerged from the analysis: (1) discovery, (2) search for meaning, (3) transformation, (4) private to public, (5) acceptance, (6) loss and rediscovery. Discussion: This research expands on extant literature due to the additional complexity of their child's autism and adolescent life stage. This may lead participants to consider their child's autism as a contributing factor to their gender diversity, or intensify feelings of responsibility and guilt. The current research may not be transferable to other parents with different experiences, particularly those from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Methodological considerations and future research recommendations are presented, in addition to clinical implications

Quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication

© 2017, The Author(s). Background: Intermittent claudication (IC) is a common condition that causes pain in the lower limbs when walking and has been shown to severely impact the quality of life (QoL) of patients. The QoL is therefore often regarded as an important measure in clinical trials investigating intermittent claudication. To date, no consensus exits on the type of life questionnaire to be used. This review aims to examine the QoL questionnaires used in trials investigating peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Material and methods: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials including a primary analysis of QoL via questionnaire was performed. Trials involving patients with diagnosed PAD were included (either clinically or by questionnaire). Any trial which had QoL as the primary outcome data was included with no limit being placed on the type of questionnaire used. Results: The search yielded a total of 1845 articles of which 31 were deemed appropriate for inclusion in the review. In total, 14 different QoL questionnaires were used across 31 studies. Of the questionnaires 24.06% were missing at least one domain when reported in the results of the study. Mean standard deviation varied widely based on the domain reported, particularly within the SF36. Discussion: Despite previous recommendations for Europewide standardisation of quality of life assessment, to date no such tool exists. This review demonstrated that a number of different questionnaires remain in use, that their completion is often inadequate and that further evidence-based guidelines on QoL assessment are required to guide future research

Formal total synthesis of (±)-conduramine E utilising the Bryce-Smith-Gilbert photoamination reaction

Utilising a Bryce-Smith-Gilbert photoamination of benzene as a key step, a synthesis of ()-conduramine E was carried out. A highly regioselective dihydroxylation of a cyclic diene was effected utilising Sharpless AD-mix-b

Whales of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in Canada's Western Arctic: An Overview and Outlook

The beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) and the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) are seasonal migrants to Canada's Western Arctic, occupying summer range in the southeastern Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf within the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR). These whales also travel through United States (Alaskan) and Russian offshore waters, which include migration routes and overwintering areas for both species. The beluga has for centuries been an important food resource of the aboriginal people of the Mackenzie Delta. From 1990 to 1999, the annual subsistence harvest of beluga in the ISR averaged 111, while only two bowheads were landed during this same period. The minimum size of the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga stock has been estimated at 32 453 whales. The total annual removal of beluga by subsistence hunters from the ISR and Alaska is estimated at 189 whales, which is less than 0.6% of the minimum estimate of stock size. This level of harvest is sustainable. Between 1848 and 1921, commercial whalers decimated the Bering Sea population of bowhead whales. The size of the population, based on 1993 data, is estimated at 8200 (95% estimation interval of 7200-9400), constituting more than 90% of the world's remaining bowheads. This population increased at a rate of 3.2% from 1978 to 1993, while sustaining a harvest of about 0.6% per year. To ensure the continued well-being of these whales and their habitats, it is recommended that existing monitoring programs, commitments, and co-management partnerships be nurtured and maintained.Le béluga (Delphinapterus leucas) et la baleine boréale (Balaena mysticetus) sont des migrateurs saisonniers qui fréquentent l'ouest de l'Arctique canadien, occupant un territoire estival dans le sud-est de la mer de Beaufort et le golfe Amundsen au sein de la Région désignée des Inuvialuit (RDI). Ces baleines se déplacent également dans les eaux situées au large des États-Unis (alaskiennes) et de la Russie, qui comprennent des voies migratoires et des aires d'hivernage pour les deux espèces. Le béluga représente depuis des siècles une importante ressource alimentaire pour les Autochtones du delta du Mackenzie. De 1990 à 1999, la moyenne annuelle des prélèvements de subsistance du béluga dans la RDI était de 111, alors que seulement deux baleines boréales avaient été débarquées durant la même période. La taille minimum du stock de bélugas dans l'est de la mer de Beaufort est évaluée à 32 453 individus, et les prises annuelles de bélugas effectuées au sein de la RDI et de l'Alaska dans le cadre de la chasse de subsistance sont évaluées à 189 individus, ce qui représente moins de 0,6 p. cent de la taille minimum du stock. Ce niveau de prélèvement est par conséquent durable. Entre 1848 et 1921, les baleiniers commerciaux ont décimé la population des baleines boréales dans la mer de Béring. D'après les données de 1993, on estime la taille de la population à 8200 (comprise entre 7200 et 9400 avec 95 p. cent de probabilité), soit plus de 90 p. cent du nombre de baleines boréales qui existent aujourd'hui dans le monde. Cette population a augmenté à un taux de 3,2 p. cent de 1978 à 1993, tout en faisant l'objet d'un prélèvement annuel d'environ 0,6 p. cent. Afin d'assurer le bien-être permanent de ces baleines et de leurs habitats, on recommande d'appuyer et de conserver les programmes de surveillance, les engagements et les partenariats de cogestion actuellement en place

Managing Risk in Farming: Concepts, Research, and Analysis

The risks confronted by grain and cotton farmers are of particular interest, given the changing role of the Government after passage of the 1996 Farm Act. With the shift toward less government intervention in the post-1996 Farm Act environment, a more sophisticated understanding of risk and risk management is important to help producers make better decisions in risky situations and to assist policymakers in assessing the effectiveness of different types of risk protection tools. In response, this report provides a rigorous, yet accessible, description of risk and risk management tools and strategies at the farm level. It also provides never-before-published data on farmers' assessments of the risks they face, their use of alternative risk management strategies, and the changes they would make if faced with financial difficulty. It also compares price risk across crops and time periods, and provides detailed information on yield variability.crop insurance, diversification, futures contracts, leasing, leveraging, liquidity, livestock insurance, marketing contracts, options contracts, production contracts, revenue insurance, risk, vertical integration, Farm Management, Risk and Uncertainty,

Development and application of operational techniques for the inventory and monitoring of resources and uses for the Texas coastal zone

The author has identified the following significant results. The most significant ADP result was the modification of the DAM package to produce classified printouts, scaled and registered to U.S.G.S., 71/2 minute topographic maps from LARSYS-type classification files. With this modification, all the powerful scaling and registration capabilities of DAM become available for multiclass classification files. The most significant results with respect to image interpretation were the application of mapping techniques to a new, more complex area, and the refinement of an image interpretation procedure which should yield the best results

Psychosocial development in youth soccer players: Assessing the effectiveness of the 5C’s intervention program.

This study examined the effectiveness of a longitudinal 5C coaching intervention (Harwood, 2008), focused on promoting behavioral responses associated with commitment, communication, concentration, control, and confidence in youth soccer players. Five players, their parents and a youth academy soccer coach participated in a single-case multiple-baseline across individuals design with multiple treatments. Following baseline, the coach received sequential education in the principles of each ‘C’ subsequent to integrating relevant strategies in their coaching sessions. During the five intervention phases, players completed assessments of their behavior in training associated with each C, triangulated with observation-based assessments by the coach and the players’ parents. Results indicated psychosocial improvements with cumulative increases in positive psychosocial responses across the intervention for selected players. Changes in player behavior were also corroborated by parent and coach data in conjunction with post-intervention social validation. Findings are discussed with respect to the processes engaged in the intervention, and the implications for practitioners and applied researchers

The integration of single case designs in coaching contexts: A commentary for applied sport psychologists

From personal experiences of working with coaches toward the modification of behaviors and psychological constructs that include motivation, enjoyment, and self-confidence, this commentary highlights how the integration of single case designs can enhance the services of sport psychology practitioners. Interventions within golf, soccer, and tennis are outlined, targeting factors pertinent to the coaches, their players or team members, and the development of relationships with parents. Single case designs are posited as enabling the implementation of personal, evidence-based interventions that yield perceptible differences in cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses within athletic populations; factors that enhance and underpin the practitioner-coach relationship