4,354 research outputs found

    All-fiber optical parametric oscillator pumped by an all-fiber Yb-based MOPA

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    We report on an all-fiber PCF-based optical parametric oscillator, synchronously pumped by an all-fiber Yb-doped MOPA. A pump-to-anti-Stokes conversion efficiency of 8.6% is reached at a frequency-shift of 142 THz

    Venous, Arterial, and Neuropathic Leg Ulcers With Emphasis on the Geriatric Population.

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    Leg ulcers are a common and often serious problem in older adults. Underlying conditions that increase risk include age-related increases in chronic venous insufficiency, peripheral artery disease, connective tissue and autoimmune conditions, reduced mobility, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Geriatric patients have a higher risk of multiple wound-related complications including infection, cellulitis, ischemia, and gangrene, any of which may lead to further complications including amputation. The very presence of these lower extremity ulcers in the elderly negatively impacts their quality of life and ability to function. Understanding and early identification of the underlying conditions and wound features are important for effective ulcer healing and complication mitigation. This targeted review focuses on the three most common types of lower extremity ulcers: venous, arterial, and neuropathic. The goal of this paper is to characterize and discuss the general and specific aspects of these lower extremity ulcers and their relevancy and impact on the geriatric population. The top five main results of this study can be summarized as follows. (1) Venous ulcers, caused by inflammatory processes secondary to venous reflux and hypertension, are the most common chronic leg ulcer in the geriatric population. (2) Arterial-ischemic ulcers are mainly due to lower extremity vascular disease, which itself tends to increase with increasing age setting the stage for an age-related increase in leg ulcers. (3) Persons with DM are at increased risk of developing foot ulcers mainly due to neuropathy and localized ischemia, both of which tend to increase with advancing age. (4) In geriatric patients with leg ulcers, it is important to rule out vasculitis or malignancy as causes. (5) Treatment is best made on a case-by-case basis, considering the patient\u27s underlying condition, comorbidities, overall health status, and life expectancy

    Strategic sensemaking by social entrepreneurs:Creating strategies for social innovation

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    Purpose: This study explores how a small minority of social entrepreneurs break free from third sector constraints to conceive, create and grow non-profit organisations that generate social value at scale in new and innovative ways. Design/methodology/approach: Six narrative case histories of innovative social enterprises were developed based on documents and semi-structured interviews with founders and long serving executives. Data were coded “chrono-processually”, which involves locating thoughts, events and actions in distinct time periods (temporal bracketing) and identifying the processes at work in establishing new social ventures. Findings: This study presents two core findings. First, the paper demonstrates how successful social entrepreneurs draw on their lived experiences, private and professional, in driving the development and implementation of social innovations, which are realised through application of their capabilities as analysts, strategists and resources mobilisers. These capabilities are bolstered by personal legitimacy and by their abilities as storytellers and rhetoricians. Second, the study unravels the complex processes of social entrepreneurship by revealing how sensemaking, theorising, strategizing and sensegiving underpin the core processes of problem specification, the formulation of theories of change, development of new business models and the implementation of social innovations. Originality/value: The study demonstrates how social entrepreneurs use sensemaking and sensegiving strategies to understand and address complex social problems, revealing how successful social entrepreneurs devise and disseminate social innovations that substantially add value to society and bring about beneficial social change. A novel process-outcome model of social innovation is presented illustrating the interconnections between entrepreneurial cognition and strategic action.</p

    Massively parallel single-molecule manipulation using centrifugal force

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    Precise manipulation of single molecules has already led to remarkable insights in physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. However, widespread adoption of single-molecule techniques has been impeded by equipment cost and the laborious nature of making measurements one molecule at a time. We have solved these issues with a new approach: massively parallel single-molecule force measurements using centrifugal force. This approach is realized in a novel instrument that we call the Centrifuge Force Microscope (CFM), in which objects in an orbiting sample are subjected to a calibration-free, macroscopically uniform force-field while their micro-to-nanoscopic motions are observed. We demonstrate high-throughput single-molecule force spectroscopy with this technique by performing thousands of rupture experiments in parallel, characterizing force-dependent unbinding kinetics of an antibody-antigen pair in minutes rather than days. Additionally, we verify the force accuracy of the instrument by measuring the well-established DNA overstretching transition at 66 ±\pm 3 pN. With significant benefits in efficiency, cost, simplicity, and versatility, "single-molecule centrifugation" has the potential to revolutionize single-molecule experimentation, and open access to a wider range of researchers and experimental systems.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

    Structure functions in an interacting Boson system

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    A microscopic analysis of the dynamic structure factor in a simple interacting Boson system at T=0 shows that the coherent two-phonon backflow leads to the breakdown of the one-phonon Feynman relation for the statis structure factor at order k3.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34104/1/0000386.pd

    Long-wavelength excitations in a Bose gas at zero temperature

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    The long-wavelength excitations in a simple model of a dilute Bose gas at zero temperature are investigated from a purely microscopic viewpoint. The role of the interaction and the effects of the condensate are emphasized in a dielectric formulation, in which the response functions are expressed in terms of regular functions that do not involve an isolated single-interaction line nor an isolated single-particle line. Local number conservation is incorporated into the formulation by the generalized Ward identities, which are used to express the regular functions involving the density in terms of regular functions involving the longitudinal current. A perturbation expansion is then developed for the regular functions, producing to a given order in the perturbation expansion an elementary excitation spectrum without a gap and simultaneously response functions that obey local number conservation and related sum rules.Explicit results to the first order beyond the Bogoliubov approximation in a simple one-parameter model are obtained for the elementary excitation spectrum [omega]k, the dynamic structure function (k, [omega]), the associated structure function m(k), and the one-particle spectral function (k, [omega]), as functions of the wavevector k and frequency [omega]. These results display the sharing of the gapless spectrum [omega]k by the various response functions and are used to confirm that the sum rules of interest are satisfied. It is shown that [omega]k and some of the m(k) are not analytic functions of k in the long wavelength limit. The dynamic structure function (k, [omega]) can be conveniently separated into three parts: a one-phonon term which exhausts the f sum rule, a backflow term, and a background term. The backflow contribution to the static structure function 0(k) leads to the breakdown of the one-phonon Feynman relation at order k3. Both (k, [omega]) and (k, [omega]) display broad backgrounds because of two-phonon excitations. Simple arguments are given to indicate that some of the qualitative features found for various physical quantities in the first-order model calculation might also be found in superfluid helium.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22380/1/0000829.pd

    Neoclassical tearing modes in DIII-D and calculations of the stabilizing effects of localized electron cyclotron current drive

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    Neoclassical tearing modes are found to limit the achievable beta in many high performance discharges in DIII-D. Electron cyclotron current drive within the magnetic islands formed as the tearing mode grows has been proposed as a means of stabilizing these modes or reducing their amplitude, thereby increasing the beta limit by a factor around 1.5. Some experimental success has been obtained previously on Asdex-U. Here the authors examine the parameter range in DIII-C in which this effect can best be studied
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