Emergencetime and period of chironomid midges occurrlng from an indoor drainage

Mass emergence ofchironomidmidges often leads to severe nuisance conditions in food industries. We tried to clarifythe seasonal abundance and the emergence time of chironomids caught by a light traps in this industry. A total of38,708 chironomids was collected duringthe study period, andthe largest number of adult was recorded in fall. In addition, some chironomids were collected even in thewinter. These results suggest that air temperate in winter at this industry is highenough for emergence of chironomids.Asfbr emergence time,the number of chironomids increased around dawn and dusk,and decreased in the day and night. The results of the present study would be useful information for drafting planto prevent outbreaks of nuisancemidges from indoor sewage drain.Article信州大学山地水環境教育研究センター研究報告 6: 109-114(2010)departmental bulletin pape

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL HYALURONIDASE INHIBITOR FROM A MARINE ACTINOMYCETES STRAIN

A novel hyaluronidase inhibitor (HI) was isolated from the culture extract of a marine- derived actinomycete strain. This strain MB-PO13 was isolated from ascidian (Molgula manhattensis) in Tokyo Bay. Out of about 1,000 isolates from various marine organisms, strain MB-PO13 had the strongest inhibitory activity and was selected for further study. The strain showed abundant-to-moderate growth on most media, forming a grayish mycelium. On the basis of the taxonomical characteristics, the strain was classified as belonging to the genus of Streptomyces and was named as Streptomyces sp. strain MB-PO13. The structure of HI was elucidated by interpretation of NMR data. HI displayed about 25-fold potent hyaluronidase inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase than glycyrrhizin. Keywords: marine actinomycetes; Streptomyces; hyaluronidase inhibitor

Hyaluromycin, a Novel Hyaluronidase Inhibitor, Attenuates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Migration and Proliferation

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by accelerated production and degradation of hyaluronan (HA), a major component of extracellular matrix involved in the malignant phenotype of cancer. In particular, increased hyaluronidase (HYAL) activity plays a critical role in cancer progression, at least in part, by producing low-molecular-weight- (LMW-) HA or small fragments of HA, suggesting HYAL as a target for cancer treatment. Hyaluromycin, a new member of the rubromycin family of antibiotics, was isolated from the culture extract of a marine-derived Streptomyces hyaluromycini as a HYAL inhibitor. We investigated the antitumor effects of hyaluromycin in PDAC cells. We examined the effects of hyaluromycin on the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effect of hyaluromycin on PDAC cells, we examined the concentration of LMW-HA in the conditioned media after treating PDAC cells with hyaluromycin. We demonstrate that hyaluromycin inhibits proliferation and migration of PDAC cells. We also found that these antitumor effects of hyaluromycin were associated with a decreased concentration of LMW-HA and a decreased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. Our results suggest that hyaluromycin is a promising new drug against this highly aggressive neoplasm

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS-infected individuals in Maputo, Mozambique

OBJETIVO Avaliar a prevalência de anticorpos IgG anti- Toxoplasma gondii em pessoas infectadas pelo HIV/Aids e a associação de variáveis demográficas e sociais. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal que incluiu a análise de dados sociodemográficos e laboratoriais de 200 pessoas infectadas por HIV/Aids, atendidas em unidade laboratorial em 2010 na Província de Maputo, Moçambique. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário autopreenchido por todos os participantes. Para a análise de anticorpos, amostras de plasma coletadas foram confirmadas para testagem de IgG anti- T. gondii por hemaglutinação. RESULTADOS A soroprevalência de IgG anti- T. gondii foi de 46,0% (IC95% 39,2;52,9), 39,3% (IC95% 29,5;50,0) em homens e de 50,9% (IC95% 41,9;59,8) em mulheres, sem diferença entre sexo (OR 1.30; IC95% 0.95;1.77; p = 0.12). A idade variou de 10 a 60 anos, com maior prevalência de infecção em grupos etários mais idosos, mas sem haver diferença significativa entre eles. Ter consumo regular de carne de gado bovino (OR 1,74; IC95% 1,04;2,89, p = 0,05), possuir criação de gatos/cães (OR 6,18; IC95% 3,60;10,62, p < 0,000) e ter contato regular com a terra (OR 3,38; IC95% 2,19;5,21, p < 0,000) estiveram significativamente associados ao risco de infecção latente. CONCLUSÕES A infecção por toxoplasmose apresenta alta prevalência na população de Moçambique, cujo risco amplia-se pelos aspectos culturais e comportamentais. A toxoplasmose pode ser responsável pela grande carga de morbimortalidade associada a lesões meningoencefálicas em pessoas com HIV/Aids no país.OBJETIVO Evaluar la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG anti- Toxoplasma gondii en personas infectadas por VIH/SIDA y la asociación de variables demográficas y sociales. MÉTODOS Estudio transversal que incluyó el análisis de datos sociodemográficos y de laboratorio de 200 personas infectadas por VIH/SIDA, atendidas en unidad de laboratorio en 2010 en la Provincia de Maputo, Mozambique. Los datos fueron colectados por medio de cuestionario auto llenado por todos los participantes. Para el análisis de anticuerpos, las muestras de plasma colectadas fueron confirmadas para evaluación anti- T. gondii por hemaglutinación. RESULTADOS La seroprevalencia de IgG anti- T. gondii fue de 46% (IC95% 39,2;52,9), 39,3% (IC95% 29,5;50,0) en hombres y de 50,9% (41,9-59,8%) en mujeres, sin diferencia entre sexo (OR 1.30; IC95% 0.95;1.77; p = 0.12). La edad varió de 10 a 60 años, con mayor prevalencia de infección en grupos etarios más ancianos, pero sin haber diferencia significativa entre ellos. Consumir carne de ganado bovino regularmente (OR 1,74; IC95% 1,04;2,89, p = 0,05), poseer cria de gatos/perros (OR 6,18; IC95% 3,60;10,62, p < 0,000) y tener contacto regular con la tierra (OR 3,38; IC95% 2,19;5,21, p < 0,000) estuvieron significativamente asociados al riesgo de infección latente. CONCLUSIONES La infección por toxoplasmosis presenta alta prevalencia en la población de Mozambique, cuyo riesgo se amplía por los aspectos culturales y de comportamiento. La toxoplasmosis puede ser responsable por la gran carga de morbi-mortalidad asociada a lesiones meningoencefálicas en personas con VIH/SIDA en el país.OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in patients infected with HIV/AIDS and the association of demographic and social variables. METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional study that included the analysis of sociodemographic data and laboratory findings of 200 patients infected with HIV/AIDS treated in a laboratory unit in Maputo, Mozambique, in 2010. Individual data for all participants were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Plasma samples were tested for IgG testing of anti- T. gondii using hemagglutination for the analysis of antibodies. RESULTS The seroprevalence of IgG anti- T. gondii was 46.0% (95%CI 39.2;52.9), 39.3% (95%CI 29.5;50.0) in men and 50.9% (95%CI 41.9;59.8) in women, with no difference between sex (OR 1.30; 95%CI 0.95;1.77; p = 0.12). Ages ranged from 10 to 60 years, with a higher prevalence of infection in older age groups, but with no significant difference between them. Regularly consuming cattle meat (OR 1.74; 95%CI 1.04;2.89, p = 0.05), breeding cats/dogs (OR 6.18; 95%CI 3.60;10.62, p < 0.000) and having regular contact with soil (OR 3.38; 95%CI 2.19;5.21; p < 0.000) were significantly associated with risk of latent infection. CONCLUSIONS Toxoplasmosis is an infection with high prevalence in Mozambique. Cultural and behavioral aspects increase the risk. Toxoplasmosis can be responsible in our environment by the great burden of morbidity and mortality associated with meningoencephalic injuries in patients with HIV/AIDS