Rollover warning system for tractor-semitrailer using a modified odenthal rollover index algorithm

Any accident involving a tractor-semitrailer could significantly affect life and component damage as well as the surrounding environment due to the size of the vehicle. One of the main factors that causes tractor-semitrailer accidents is vehicle rollover instability. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a vehicle instability avoidance system for a tractor-semitrailer by implementing it on an accurate tractorsemitrailer model. In developing the model, a new approach was proposed by adopting a virtual Pacejka tire model in modelling the hitch joint of the tractor-semitrailer. The virtual Pacejka tire model has included a 16 degree-of-freedom tractor-semitrailer within MATLAB/Simulink software and later verified using the TruckSim model and validated with published data. It is observed from the verification and validation results, the tractor-semitrailer model using the virtual Pacejka tire model for the hitch joint showed a similar response to the behaviour of the TruckSim model and published data. In terms of vehicle instability avoidance system, the fastest response of the tractor-semitrailer rollover index based on early warning indicator was selected by utilizing several types of rollover index algorithm proposed by the previous researchers. The step steering manoeuvres simulation at a various speed was conducted using MATLAB/Simulink software to obtain the rollover index. It can be observed from the results that the rollover index algorithm proposed by Odenthal provides the fastest index based on the early warning indicator on the tractor unit. In order to optimise the rollover index performance, the Odenthal rollover index algorithm was modified and optimised using Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO). Finally, the rollover index algorithm was proposed by integrating the modified Odenthal rollover index algorithm with driver steering and vehicle speed inputs instead of lateral acceleration. The modified Odenthal rollover index algorithm performance was evaluated by conducting an experiment involving the step steering manoeuvres, subjected to various vehicle speeds and load conditions through the Hardware-in-the- Loop (HIL) simulation in the TruckSim driving simulator and MATLAB/Simulink software. It was observed from the experimental results that the modified Odenthal rollover index algorithm produced 12.4% faster Time-To-Warn (TTW) than the Odenthal rollover index for the driver. Thus, the modified Odenthal rollover index algorithm demonstrated a better early warning system for the driver to initiate the corrective action

STUDI KOMPARATIF HUKUM PENGGUNAAN ALKOHOL DALAM PENGOBATAN MENURUT IBNU TAIMIYYAH DAN YUSUF AL-QARDHAWI

Skripsi ini menjelaskan apa dia alkohol dan didalamnya juga terdapat penjelaskan tentang hükum perobatan dengan menggunakan alkohol itü sendiri dengan dunia perobatan yang moden ini. Dan didalamnya juga menjelaskan permasalahan alkohol yang bermain di fikirian masyarat tentang boleh apa tidak diperbolehkan alkohol dalam perobatan. Lalü didalam penulisan skripsi ini penuliskan meletakkan atau lebih menfokuskan pendapat dua ulama' yaitu Syaikhul Islamiyyah İbnu Taimiyyah dan juga Yusuf Al-Qardhawi tentang permasalahan alkohol yang di gunakan untuk berobat apakah ia diperbolehkan atau tidak diperbolehkan atau dia disebaliknya. Skripsi ini juga memuat didalamnya tentang alkohol, adakah alkohol sama dengan arak, perbahasan arak, maksud dari kata perobatan, dan juga termasuk hukumnya. Tidak terlepas juga dibahaskan diantara pendapat ini tentang persamaan dan perbedaan penggunaan alkohol dalam pengobatan seperti mana kita semua ketahui alkohol itü banyak jenis, adakah alkohol itü termasuk arak? Adakah alkohol itü arak?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu sistem Library Research, oleh karena itü semua data yang diperoleh adalah berasal dari hasil kitab-kitab, bükü yang berkaitan dan juga hasil dari perpustakaan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dikaji dengan bahan-bahan bersumberkan kitab-kitab buku-buku dan bicarakata para ilmuan dari setiap sudut, dişini saya peroleh hükum dari penggunaan alkohol dari setiap segi kehidupan yang basic, menurut İbnu Taimiyyah ia tidak diperbolehkan sama ada Yusuf AlQardhawi diperbolehkan dengan bersyarat. selain itü ditemui tentang ilmu perobatan yang diselitkan padanya ilmu sains dan İslam. Kata Kunci : Alkohol, Perobatan, Hükum Isla

THE IMPACT OF SELF-EFFICACY AND CREATIVE PROCESS ENGAGEMENT ON INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR IN THE TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA

This study aimed to illuminate the influence of self-efficacy and creative process engagement on employees' innovative work behaviour in the telecommunication industry in Malaysia. To determine whether these two variables are linearly related, the researchers have applied the quantitative method to test the hypothesis developed for this study. The correlation procedure was used to test the strength of association, and the linear regression procedure was used to test the relationships between the quantitative variables. The population of this study was 45,093 employees working for 214 telecommunication employers in the southern and western regions of Malaysia. A self-administered survey was utilised to gather the data for this research. A total of 424 respondents provided the data to derive the analysis and conclusion for this study. It was shown that self-efficacy directly influences employees' cooperation and efforts, indicating that self-efficacy has a motivating potential for innovative work behaviours. Innovative work behaviour requires strong self-efficacy and involvement in the creative process. Commitment is a huge concern since the causes and consequences of inventive working behaviour may differ greatly depending on whether the emphasis is on self-efficiency or creative process engagement. It seems from the outcomes of this study that self-efficacy and participation in the creative process may help increase creativity and innovation. According to this research, innovative thinking is more likely to be associated with employees who are confident in their abilities to execute challenging tasks and multitask. Employees' capacity to innovate will improve if they have a sense of self-efficacy and participation in the creative process. This will help employees solve problems, enhance their creativity, and create new ideas. JEL: L20, L23, L96  Article visualizations

Foot plantar pressure monitoring system using EMED®-A: preliminary results

The aim of this study was to assess the repeatability of the EMED®-A and identify the repeatability of data for different types of measurements (walking without load, walking with load, standing without load, and standing with load). Each load weighing 1.5 kg must be hold at left and right hands. Contact area (CA), maximum force (F), peak pressure (PP) were calculated. In addition, coefficient of variation (CV) is calculated for repeatability of EMED®-A. In conclusion, the EMED®-A foot plantar pressure monitoring system was found to be repeatable and can be used as valuable tool for plantar pressure distribution assessment

Development of Magnetorheological Engine Mount Test Rig

Ride comfort is an important factor in any road vehicle performance. Nonetheless, passenger ride comfort is sometimes affected by the vibrations resulting from the road irregularities. Vehicle ride comfort is also often compromised by engine vibration. Engine mount is one of the devices which act as vibration isolator from unwanted vibration from engine to the driver and passengers. This paper explains the development of the test rig used for laboratory testing of Magnetorheological (MR) engine mount characterization. MR engine mount was developed to investigate the vibration isolation process. An engine mount test machine was designed to measure the displacement, relative velocity and damper force with respect to current supply to characterize the hysteresis behavior of the damper and as force tracking control of the MR engine mount

Vibration Control of a Passenger Car Engine Compartment Model using Passive Mounts Systems

Engine mounting is one of the devices that provide vibration isolation for unwanted vibration from engine to the driver. There are 3 types of engine mounting system which are passive, semi-active and active engine system. This study emphasizes on the validation of mathematical equation derived from Newton Second Law of Motion with real time experiment. The study of the characteristic of mounts using simulation the 3-Degree Of Freedom (DOF) mathematical modeling in Matlab Simulink software. Then, the mathematical model is verified by using experimental approach. By comparing the results from the experimental and simulation it shows that the model enables to give same response as in the experimental result

Magnetorheological Fluid Engine Mounts: A Review on Structure Design of Semi Active Engine Mounting

The demand for low cost, quiet operation, and increased operator comfort in automobiles and other applications requires new techniques to be developed for noise and vibration isolation. One approach to reduce noise vibration and harshness (NVH) is to develop a small low cost vibration isolator that can be used to mount components that generate vibration. Passive, semi-active and active control methods as well as different types of smart materials were studied to develop this isolator. Based on this study, the most promising approach seems to be a semi-active magnetorheological isolator. In this paper, an overview of recent advances in semi active engine mounts are presented, in term of working operation of Magnetorheological (MR) Fluid namely flow mode, shear mode, squeeze mode and mix mode. The issues are discussed with regard to the design and performance as vibration isolator device. The finding of this paper proposed the new semi active engine mounts design

Semi-Active Secondary Suspension Control Using Fuzzy Skyhook For Improving Railway Vehicle Dynamics Performance In Lateral Direction

In railway vehicle technology, there are continuously increasing requirements regarding riding comfort, running safety, and speed of railway vehicles. These requirements are opposed by the fact that the condition of the tracks is getting worse and maintenance is becoming expensive. In view of this conflict, conventional suspension concepts are unable to accommodate those needs. This paper investigates the performance of semi-active control of lateral suspension system namely fuzzy body-based skyhook and fuzzy bogie-based skyhook for the purpose of attenuating the effects of track irregularities to the body lateral displacement, body roll angle and unwanted yaw responses of railway vehicle. In fuzzy bogie-based skyhook, a virtual damper is attached between bogie and sky to damp out unwanted vibratory motion of the bogie and to prevent the motion to be transmitted to the body. For fuzzy body-based skyhook, the virtual damper is attached between the body and the sky. The controller is optimized on 17-DOF railway vehicle dynamics model and shown 35 % better dynamics performance than its counterparts

Stability Enhancement Of Railway Vehicle Dynamics Performance In Lateral Direction Using Fuzzy Bogie-Based Skyhook Control

Increasing requirement in railway vehicle technologies regarding on riding comfort, running safety and speed of railway vehicles are in the increasing trend of studies today. These requirements are opposed by the fact that the condition of the tracks is getting worse and maintenance cost is becoming expensive. In view of this conflict, conventional suspension concepts are not able to overcome all these problems. This paper investigates the performance of semi-active control of lateral suspension system namely fuzzy body-based skyhook and fuzzy bogie-based skyhook for the purpose of attenuating the effects of track irregularities to the body lateral displacement, body roll angle and unwanted yaw responses of railway vehicle. The controller is optimized on 17 degrees of freedom railway vehicle dynamics model and showing better dynamics performance than its counterparts

Multi-response optimization of process parameter in fused deposition modelling by response surface methodology

This paper reported on the effect of ambient temperature, layer thickness, and part angle on the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed by using historical data in the experiment to determine the significant factors and their interactions on the fused deposition modelling (FDM) performance. Three controllable variables namely ambient temperature (30 °C, 45 °C, 60 °C), layer thickness (0.178 mm, 0.267 mm, 0.356 mm) and part angle (22.5°, 45°, 67.5°) have been studied. A total of 29 numbers of experiments had been conducted, including two replications at the center point. The results showed that all the parameter variables have significant effects on the part surface roughness and dimensional accuracy. Layer thickness is the most dominant factors affecting surface roughness. Meanwhile, the ambient temperature was the most dominant in determining part dimensional accuracy. The responses of various factors had been illustrated in the cross-sectional sample analysis. The optimum parameter required for minimum surface roughness and dimensional accuracy was at ambient temperature 30 °C, layer thickness 0.18 mm and part angle 67.38°. The optimization has produced maximum productivity with RaH 3.21 µm, RaV 11.78 µm, and RaS 12.79 µm. Meanwhile, dimensional accuracy height eror 3.21%, width error 3.70% and angle 0.38