Building Connections, Collections, and Communities: Increasing the Visibility and Impact of Extension Through Institutional Repositories

Over the past 20 years, university libraries have developed and manage institutional repositories—digital libraries that provide free, public access to the research, scholarship, and publications of their university\u27s faculty, staff, and students. Although underused by Extension professionals, institutional repositories are powerful tools that can be used to raise the global visibility of Extension scholarship, highlight resources from individual initiatives and projects, provide readership statistics to demonstrate impact, and create digital archives to create topical collections and to facilitate study on the history of Extension

Incorporation of privacy elements in space station design

Privacy exists to the extent that individuals can control the degree of social contact that they have with one another. The opportunity to withdraw from other people serves a number of important psychological and social functions, and is in the interests of safety, high performance, and high quality of human life. Privacy requirements for Space Station crew members are reviewed, and architectual and other guidelines for helping astronauts achieve desired levels of privacy are suggested. In turn, four dimensions of privacy are discussed: the separation of activities by areas within the Space Station, controlling the extent to which astronauts have visual contact with one another, controlling the extent to which astronauts have auditory contact with one another, and odor control. Each section presents a statement of the problem, a review of general solutions, and specific recommendations. The report is concluded with a brief consideration of how selection, training, and other procedures can also help Space Station occupants achieve satisfactory levels of seclusion

Predicting Facebook Continuance Intention: The Roles of Interpersonal and Technology Trust

This paper examines trust’s role in predicting Facebook continuance intention. We examine the relative influence of two types of trusting beliefs including interpersonal-related trust beliefs and technology-related trust beliefs on technology trusting intentions. Interpersonal trusting beliefs include integrity, competence, and benevolence. Technology-related trusting beliefs include three conceptually similar, yet distinct beliefs including reliability, functionality, and helpfulness. We find that college-aged Facebook users’ interpersonal and technology-related beliefs have similar effects on trusting intentions. Thus the two types of beliefs are conceptually and functionally equivalent. Our results also show that trusting intention mediates the effects of trusting beliefs on continuance intentions. This initial study presents future research opportunities to explore the importance of these two types of trusting beliefs in other technology contexts

Paying Attention to News Briefs about Innovative Technologies

News sources about innovative technologies like Google’s driverless car and Apple’s Siri feature can help potential users evaluate the benefits and risks involved. However, individuals must pay attention to this information before they can make sense of it, and decide to change their technology trusting intention. While other fields investigate attention, no research to date has investigated why people pay attention to news briefs about innovative technologies. We propose four factors based on information processing theory. An exploratory study in which respondents are given a series of news briefs and asked how much they paid attention to them and why, provides support for four of our eight propositions. We find the strongest reasons for paying attention/(disregarding) the news briefs are the positive/(negative) nature of the news brief content characteristics. However, the biggest changes in trust are from positive and negative technology involvement factors

Do People Trust Facebook as a Technology or as a Person ? Distinguishing Technology Trust from Interpersonal Trust

Several researchers have studied technology trust in terms of the technological artifact of the technology. Two different types of trusting beliefs could apply to websites. First, the trusting beliefs may relate to interpersonal characteristics such as benevolence, competence, and integrity. Second, they may relate to technology characteristics such as helpfulness, functionality, and reliability. Since social networking websites like Facebook may demonstrate either interpersonal trust characteristics or technology trust characteristics, researchers may need to carefully choose the beliefs to model. Thus it is important to not only understand the conceptual meaning of these beliefs, but also whether human and technology trust beliefs of technology trust are distinct. Using data collected from Facebook users, we test alternate factor structures for a measurement model containing three interpersonal trust beliefs and three technology trust beliefs. We find the data fits a firstorder six-factor model the best. This suggests people can distinguish between trust in Facebook’s interpersonal and technology trust characteristics. it also shows they can distinguish between the individual components of these characteristics

Technology, Humanness, and Trust: Rethinking Trust in Technology

Information systems (IS) research has demonstrated that humans can and do trust technology. The current trust in technology literature employs two different types of trust in technology constructs. Some researchers use human-like trust constructs (e.g., benevolence, integrity, and ability), while other researchers use system-like trust constructs (e.g., helpfulness, reliability, and functionality). Interestingly, past research shows that both sets of measures influence important dependent variables, but the literature does not explain when one type should be used instead of the other type. In this paper, we use trust, social presence, and affordance theories to shed light on this research problem. We report on two studies. In study 1, we argue first that technologies vary in their perceived “humanness”. Second, we argue that, because users perceive two technologies to differ in humanness, they will develop trust in each technology differently (i.e., along more human-like criteria or more system-like criteria). We study two technologies that vary in humanness to explore these differences theoretically and empirically. We demonstrate that, when the trust construct used aligns well with how human the technology is, it produces stronger effects on selected outcome variables than does a misaligned trust construct. In study 2, we assess whether these technologies differ in humanness based on social presence, social affordances, and affordances for sociality. We find that these factors do distinguish whether technology is more human-like or system-like. We provide implications for trust-in-technology research

Social Networking Information Disclosure and Continuance Intention: A Disconnect

This paper tests a privacy calculus model for Facebook users. Privacy calculus means that individuals weigh a complex set of factors—including both costs and benefits—to decide whether to disclose personal information. Because information disclosure is closely related to use for many information technologies (IT), our privacy calculus model proposes that costs and benefits of user privacy will simultaneously influence users’ information disclosure and usage continuance intention. Based on past research, our model includes as ‘costs’ privacy concern and information sensitivity, while it includes as ‘benefits’ perceived usefulness, enjoyment, and trust. In a sample of business college students’ use of a social networking website, we find that the privacy calculus model is not well-supported. The benefits do not positively affect information disclosure; only the two cost factors, privacy concern and information sensitivity, predict it. Thus, our findings do not support the privacy calculus model theory that users will weigh costs against benefits in determining whether to disclose information on a social networking website. We also find two benefit factors, usefulness and enjoyment, are the sole predictors of Facebook usage continuance intention. That is, information sensitivity, trust, and privacy concern do not predict continuance. Overall, the study finds that one set of factors influence information disclosure while a separate set of factors influence continuance intention. That is, the predictors of continuance intention are completely different from the predictors of information disclosure. This means, surprisingly, that these users display a clear disconnect between their reasons to disclose information on Facebook and their reasons to continue using Facebook

Regulation of Calmodulin- and Dopamine-Stimulated Adenylate Cyclase Activities by Light in Bovine Retina

Neural retina from most species contains 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) receptors coupled to stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. It has been demonstrated that release of dopamine from its neurons and subsequent occupation of dopamine receptors is increased by light. In this study, we have shown that adenylate cyclase activity in bovine retina is highly responsive to the endogenous Ca 2+ -binding protein, cal-modulin, and that calmodulin can increase dopamine-sen-sitive adenylate cyclase activity in bovine retina. We further demonstrate that both dopamine- and calmodulin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities can be regulated by alterations in light. Bovine retinas were dissected from the eye under a low-intensity red safety light, defined as dark conditions, and incubated for 20 min in an oxygenated Krebs Henseleit buffer under either dark or light conditions. The retinas were then homogenized and adenylate cyclase activity measured in a paniculate fraction washed to deplete it of endogenous Ca 2+ and calmodulin. Activation of adenylate cyclase activity by calmodulin, dopamine, and the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog, gua-nosine-5′-(Β,Γ-imido)triphosphate (GppNHp), was significantly (60%) greater in paniculate fractions from retinas that had been incubated under dark conditions as compared to those incubated under light conditions. Basal, Mn 2+ -, and GTP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were not altered by changes in lighting conditions. Calmodulin could increase the maximum stimulation of adenylate cyclase by dopamine in retinas incubated under either dark or light conditions, but the degree of its effect was greater in retinas incubated under light conditions. Activation of adenylate cyclase by calmodulin, dopamine, and GppNHp in paniculate fractions from retinas incubated under light conditions was indistinguishable from the activation obtained when retinas were incubated in the dark in the presence of exogenous dopamine. These results suggest that an increased release of dopamine occurs in light. The decreased response of adenylate cyclase to exogenous dopamine can then be explained by a subsequent down-regulation of dopamine receptor activity. The down-regulation of dopamine receptor activity can also regulate activation of adenylate cyclase by GppNHp and calmodulin. The results suggest that dopamine, calmodulin, and GppNHp are modulators of a common component of adenylate cyclase activity, and this component is regulated by light.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66410/1/j.1471-4159.1984.tb12753.x.pd

The Role of Defect Potential in Understanding the Economic Value of Process Improvements

Software companies face relentless pressure to reduce costs, improve quality, and improve time-tomarket. To accomplish these objectives and to remain competitive, companies must improve their software development processes. Many process changes have been proposed as part of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), SPICE, ISO and other standards. Financial techniques have been applied to assess the economic value of various process improvement activities. These include simple payback and cost-benefit ratios standard present value, risk and return formulations and options theory. In this paper, we introduce the notion of defect potential and propose a framework and high level model that, better accounts for fixed and variable costs and can be used for valuing and justifying process improvement activities