O Mediterrâneo e a História Antiga

El objetivo de este artículo es tratar con dos cuestiones bastante difíciles que se pueden esquematizar de un modo simple. ¿Cómo se debe escribir la historia del Mediterráneo antiguo - si es que debe ser escrita? ¿Y sería el mediterráneo de mucha utilidad para el historiador de la antigüedad, o, a diferencia de eso, es algo peligroso (y, en verdad, un primo del orientalismo)?O objetivo deste artigo é lidar com duas questões bastante difíceis que podem ser esquematizadas de modo um tanto simples. Como deve ser escrita a história do Mediterrâneo antigo – se é que ela deve ser escrita? E seria o mediterranismo de muita utilidade para o historiador da antiguidade, ou, diferentemente disso, ele é algo perigoso (e, na verdade, um primo do orientalismo)?The aims of this article is to deal with two very difficult questions that can be framed quite simply. How should the history of the ancient Mediterranean be written—if it should be written at all? And is Mediterraneanism of much use to ancient historians, or is it alternatively something of a danger (and in effect a cousin of Orientalism)

Month-Timescale Optical Variability in the M87 Jet

A previously inconspicuous knot in the M87 jet has undergone a dramatic outburst and now exceeds the nucleus in optical and X-ray luminosity. Monitoring of M87 with the Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory during 2002-2003, has found month-timescale optical variability in both the nucleus and HST-1, a knot in the jet 0.82'' from the nucleus. We discuss the behavior of the variability timescales as well as spectral energy distribution of both components. In the nucleus, we see nearly energy-independent variability behavior. Knot HST-1, however, displays weak energy dependence in both X-ray and optical bands, but with nearly comparable rise/decay timescales at 220 nm and 0.5 keV. The flaring region of HST-1 appears stationary over eight months of monitoring. We consider various emission models to explain the variability of both components. The flares we see are similar to those seen in blazars, albeit on longer timescales, and so could, if viewed at smaller angles, explain the extreme variability properties of those objects.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, ApJ Lett., in pres

The Malcolm Boat (38CH803): Discovery, Stabilization, Excavation, and Preservation of an Historic Sea Going Small Craft in the Ashley River, Charleston County, South Carolina

The following report details the results of an investigation of the remains of a small historic sailing craft, The Malcolm Boat (38CH803), discovered in a mud bank of the Ashley River in 1985. The investigation, conducted in June of 1992, with partial funding support from the South Carolina Department of Archives and History, revealed that the vessel was a small ocean-going hull dating to the last quarter of the eighteenth century and the first quarter of the nineteenth. The analysis presented discusses the vessel\u27s age, method of construction and function as a coastal or possibly inter-islander trader, and places the vessel within a regional maritime historical context. Historical context is provided in the form of the background history of shipbuilding in South Carolina and a preliminary typology of local small craft. Methods of site stabilization for intertidal zone sites are discussed with recommendations for future work in this new area of investigation in the state.https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/archanth_books/1194/thumbnail.jp

The Interaction between AID and CIB1 Is Nonessential for Antibody Gene Diversification by Gene Conversion or Class Switch Recombination

Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation, gene conversion and class switch recombination by deaminating variable and switch region DNA cytidines to uridines. AID is predominantly cytoplasmic and must enter the nuclear compartment to initiate these distinct antibody gene diversification reactions. Nuclear AID is relatively short-lived, as it is efficiently exported by a CRM1-dependent mechanism and it is susceptible to proteasome-dependent degradation. To help shed light on mechanisms of post-translational regulation, a yeast-based screen was performed to identify AID-interacting proteins. The calcium and integrin binding protein CIB1 was identified by sequencing and the interaction was confirmed by immunoprecipitation experiments. The AID/CIB1 resisted DNase and RNase treatment, and it is therefore unlikely to be mediated by nucleic acid. The requirement for CIB1 in AID-mediated antibody gene diversification reactions was assessed in CIB1-deficient DT40 cells and in knockout mice, but immunoglobulin gene conversion and class switch recombination appeared normal. The DT40 system was also used to show that CIB1 over-expression has no effect on gene conversion and that AID-EGFP subcellular localization is normal. These combined data demonstrate that CIB1 is not required for AID to mediate antibody gene diversification processes. It remains possible that CIB1 has an alternative, a redundant or a subtle non-limiting regulatory role in AID biology

SharpRazor: Automatic Removal Of Hair And Ruler Marks From Dermoscopy Images

Background: The removal of hair and ruler marks is critical in handcrafted image analysis of dermoscopic skin lesions. No other dermoscopic artifacts cause more problems in segmentation and structure detection. Purpose: The aim of the work is to detect both white and black hair, artifacts and finally inpaint correctly the image. Method: We introduce a new algorithm: SharpRazor, to detect hair and ruler marks and remove them from the image. Our multiple-filter approach detects hairs of varying widths within varying backgrounds, while avoiding detection of vessels and bubbles. The proposed algorithm utilizes grayscale plane modification, hair enhancement, segmentation using tri-directional gradients, and multiple filters for hair of varying widths. We develop an alternate entropy-based processing adaptive thresholding method. White or light-colored hair, and ruler marks are detected separately and added to the final hair mask. A classifier removes noise objects. Finally, a new technique of inpainting is presented, and this is utilized to remove the detected object from the lesion image. Results: The proposed algorithm is tested on two datasets, and compares with seven existing methods measuring accuracy, precision, recall, dice, and Jaccard scores. SharpRazor is shown to outperform existing methods. Conclusion: The Shaprazor techniques show the promise to reach the purpose of removing and inpaint both dark and white hair in a wide variety of lesions

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy of bromobenzene and its perdeuterated isotopologue: assignment of the vibrations of the S0, S1 and D0+ states of bromobenzene and the S0 and D0+ states of iodobenzene

We report vibrationally-resolved spectra of the S1 S0 transition of bromobenzene using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy. We study bromobenzene-h5 as well as its perdeuterated isotopologue, bromobenzene-d5. The form of the vibrational modes between the isotopologues and also between the S0 and S1 electronic states are discussed for each species, allowing assignment of the bands to be achieved and the activity between states and isotopologues to be established. Vibrational bands are assigned utilizing quantum chemical calculations, previous experimental results and isotopic shifts. Previous work and assignments of the S1 spectra are discussed. Additionally, the vibrations in the ground state cation, D0+, are considered, since these have also been used by previous workers in assigning the excited neutral state spectra. We also examine the vibrations of iodobenzene in the S0 and D0+ states and comment on previous assignments of these. In summary, we have been able to assign corresponding vibrations across the whole monohalobenzene series of molecules, in the S0, S1 and D0+ states, gaining insight into vibrational activity and vibrational couplings

Chimeranet: U-Net for Hair Detection in Dermoscopic Skin Lesion Images

Hair and ruler mark structures in dermoscopic images are an obstacle preventing accurate image segmentation and detection of critical network features. Recognition and removal of hairs from images can be challenging, especially for hairs that are thin, overlapping, faded, or of similar color as skin or overlaid on a textured lesion. This paper proposes a novel deep learning (DL) technique to detect hair and ruler marks in skin lesion images. Our proposed ChimeraNet is an encoder-decoder architecture that employs pretrained EfficientNet in the encoder and squeeze-and-excitation residual (SERes) structures in the decoder. We applied this approach at multiple image sizes and evaluated it using the publicly available HAM10000 (ISIC2018 Task 3) skin lesion dataset. Our test results show that the largest image size (448 x 448) gave the highest accuracy of 98.23 and Jaccard index of 0.65 on the HAM10000 (ISIC 2018 Task 3) skin lesion dataset, exhibiting better performance than for two well-known deep learning approaches, U-Net and ResUNet-a. We found the Dice loss function to give the best results for all measures. Further evaluated on 25 additional test images, the technique yields state-of-the-art accuracy compared to 8 previously reported classical techniques. We conclude that the proposed ChimeraNet architecture may enable improved detection of fine image structures. Further application of DL techniques to detect dermoscopy structures is warranted