INCREASING FOOD RECOVERY FROM FARMERS' MARKETS: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

Collecting unsold food discarded at farmer's markets has the potential to allow nonprofit food recovery and gleaning organizations to distribute significant quantities of wholesome, unsold fruits and vegetables to needy families. Donations of this unsold produce by the participants at these markets can generate tangible benefits: increased private food assistance and better nutrition for lower income families. The Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis presented in this study indicates that there is potential to strengthen the links between farmer's markets and nonprofit food recovery and gleaning organizations in many areas of the United States.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing,

An evaluation of the pressure proof test concept for thin sheet 2024-T3

The concept of pressure proof testing of fuselage structures with fatigue cracks to insure structural integrity was evaluated from a fracture mechanics viewpoint. A generic analytical and experimental investigation was conducted on uniaxially loaded flat panels with crack configurations and stress levels typical of longitudinal lap splice joints in commercial transport aircraft fuselages. The results revealed that the remaining fatigue life after a proof test was longer than that without the proof test because of crack growth retardation due to increased crack closure. However, based on a crack length that is slightly less than the critical value at the maximum proof test stress, the minimum assured life or proof test interval must be no more than 550 pressure cycles for a 1.33 proof factor and 1530 pressure cycles for a 1.5 proof factor to prevent in-flight failures

Off-farm Income and Investments in Farm Assets: A Double Hurdle Approach

The farm household structure is a complex set of inter-relationships between and among a variety of internal and external factors involving consumption, investment, and income-earning activities. In this paper we use ARMS data to explore the contribution of off-farm income to the viability of the farm business. We focus on the link between off-farm income and farm investment and whether off-farm income drives on-farm investment. The results indicate the importance of farm characteristics such as type, size, and location on the probability of investment but lead us to reject the hypothesis that off farm income is driving farm investment. Further research will be needed to further unweave some of the complex relationships involved in the farm household structure. Keywords: Farm investments, off-farm income, double hurdleOff-farm income, farm investment, double hurdle, Agricultural Finance, Financial Economics, D1, J2, Q12,

Cambrian Hydrocarbon Potential Indicated in Kentucky\u27s Rome Trough

A recent gas discovery in the Rome Trough has resulted in a new phase of deep exploration in eastern Kentucky. This activity is located in Elliott County, near the northern boundary fault of the Cambrian Rome Trough graben. The Carson Associates No. 1 Kazee well was drilled in 1994, and blew out with a reported uncontrolled flow of 11 million cubic feet of gas per day. Although completed at a much lower rate, this well renewed interest in the deep gas potential of the Rome Trough, which has seen sporadic drilling activity since the 1940\u27s. Gas production in the Rome Trough is from marine sandstones and fractured shales assigned to the Cambrian Rome Formation or Conasauga Group. These units are significantly thicker in the fault-bounded extensional graben that trends west-southwest to northeast in eastern Kentucky and continues through West Virginia and Pennsylvania into New York. Recent mapping of the Precambrian basement surface has refined the structure of eastern Kentucky and the Rome Trough. Reservoir fades include fine- to very fine-grained, micaceous, and glauconitic sandstones and fractured shales. Coarser sandstones may occur near border faults, in fan-delta deposits. Traps are primarily structural, and faulting was contemporaneous with deposition. Stratigraphic traps may also exist in the trough, but have not been proven by drilling to date. Stratigraphic traps may include sandstones deposited in turbidite fans in deeper parts of the graben. Potential hydrocarbon source rocks have not been identified. Limited geochemical analyses of well and outcrop samples from the Rome and Conasauga intervals show poor hydrocarbon source potential. Composition of gas produced from the Rome Trough varies significantly in eastern Kentucky. Several occurrences of gas high in nitrogen and helium content were found in the western part of the trough, and may be related to proximity to the Grenville Front. Gas of commercial quality is typical in the eastern part of the trough, where several wells are producing gas with Btu values over 1,000. Significant hydrocarbon potential remains in the Rome Trough, but this play is characterized by complex faulting that influenced the deposition and distribution of potential reservoir rocks. Interpretation of high-quality seismic data will be a key factor to future success in this play

Arthopyrenia betulicola (Arthopyreniaceae, Dothidiomycetes), an Unusual New Lichenized Fungus From High Elevations of the Southern Appalachian Mountains

The crustose pyrenolichen Arthopyrenia betulicola is described as new to science based on collections from high elevations of Great Smoky Mountains National Park in eastern North America. The species is hypothesized to be endemic to the southern Appalachian Mountains where it occurs only on the bark of mature yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). It is a somewhat unusual member of the genus Arthopyrenia s.l. in consistently having a conspicuous photobiont layer of Trentepohlia. It differs from A. cinchonae, with which it is allopatric, by this feature as well as in having differently shaped and narrower ascospores

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Task Type on Malevolent Creativity

Malevolent creativity (MC), or intending to inflict harm in original ways, is an aspect of creativity that has received little empirical attention. It reasons that generating malevolently creative products in response to a problem is dependent upon individual differences and environmental factors, especially with regard to the social and emotional content of a particular problem. A personality variable strongly associated with how individuals acknowledge and respond to such social and emotional content is emotional intelligence (EI). Individuals with higher EI often solve problems in cooperative, beneficial, and positive ways, which seems contrary to solving a problem with MC. In addition to testing whether EI is negatively related to MC in general, we analyzed whether that negative relationship would persist even after controlling for cognitive ability and task effects. Those questions were examined across two studies. Results suggest that individuals with lower EI are more likely to respond to different types of problems with increased instances of MC even when the social or emotional content of those problems are factored out. The implications and limitations of these studies, as well as future directions for the study of MC, are discussed

DNA Evidence of a Croatian and Sephardic Jewish Settlement on the North Carolina Coast Dating from the Mid to Late 1500s

While the British origins of North American colonization currently are widely accepted, there is new evidence that other countries and non-Christians may have been earlier in establishing permanent settlements on the North Atlantic coast. Using the new research tool of human genomics, this paper provides DNA evidence that Croatians and Sephardic Jews were absorbed into the ancestral population of the Lumbee Native American tribe of North Carolina during the mid- to late-1500s. We further propose that these Sephardic Jews originated, in part, from a subgroup of the Roanoke colonists of 1586. Given this, a new historical narrative of early European colonization in North America during the 1500s is proposed

Development of advanced structural analysis methodologies for predicting widespread fatigue damage in aircraft structures

NASA is developing a 'tool box' that includes a number of advanced structural analysis computer codes which, taken together, represent the comprehensive fracture mechanics capability required to predict the onset of widespread fatigue damage. These structural analysis tools have complementary and specialized capabilities ranging from a finite-element-based stress-analysis code for two- and three-dimensional built-up structures with cracks to a fatigue and fracture analysis code that uses stress-intensity factors and material-property data found in 'look-up' tables or from equations. NASA is conducting critical experiments necessary to verify the predictive capabilities of the codes, and these tests represent a first step in the technology-validation and industry-acceptance processes. NASA has established cooperative programs with aircraft manufacturers to facilitate the comprehensive transfer of this technology by making these advanced structural analysis codes available to industry

The Ages of the Thin Disk, Thick Disk, and the Halo from Nearby White Dwarfs

We present a detailed analysis of the white dwarf luminosity functions derived from the local 40 pc sample and the deep proper motion catalog of Munn et al (2014, 2017). Many of the previous studies ignored the contribution of thick disk white dwarfs to the Galactic disk luminosity function, which results in an erronous age measurement. We demonstrate that the ratio of thick/thin disk white dwarfs is roughly 20\% in the local sample. Simultaneously fitting for both disk components, we derive ages of 6.8-7.0 Gyr for the thin disk and 8.7 $\pm$ 0.1 Gyr for the thick disk from the local 40 pc sample. Similarly, we derive ages of 7.4-8.2 Gyr for the thin disk and 9.5-9.9 Gyr for the thick disk from the deep proper motion catalog, which shows no evidence of a deviation from a constant star formation rate in the past 2.5 Gyr. We constrain the time difference between the onset of star formation in the thin disk and the thick disk to be $1.6^{+0.3}_{-0.4}$ Gyr. The faint end of the luminosity function for the halo white dwarfs is less constrained, resulting in an age estimate of $12.5^{+1.4}_{-3.4}$ Gyr for the Galactic inner halo. This is the first time ages for all three major components of the Galaxy are obtained from a sample of field white dwarfs that is large enough to contain significant numbers of disk and halo objects. The resultant ages agree reasonably well with the age estimates for the oldest open and globular clusters.Comment: ApJ, in pres