Institutional Comparative Advantage: A Game-Theoretical Analysis of the Kodak-Fuji Dispute WTO/DS44

The extraordinary increase int he international movement of goods, services, capital, people, and technology of the last few decades, mirrored by a decrease in transportation and communication cots hardly conceivable when the modern multilateral overseers of international commerce, finance, and development were designed at Bretton Woods, have dramatically changed not only the nature of international trade disputes, but also the way governments approach and understand trade disputes

Identity in Motion: A Case Study on the Dance Experiences of a Dancer with an Intellectual Disability

Many individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience significant challenges and are underserved in our society. Although some of these challenges are directly related to their disability, most of the difficulties that people with ID face are caused by negative social attitudes towards ID. The negative consequences of stigmatization towards people with ID create barriers to creating positive sense of self among members of this population. Studies indicate that leisure pursuits, such as recreational dance, can help cultivate well-being and enhance sense of self. This hermeneutic phenomenological case study provides new understanding to the phenomenon where dance, disability, and sense of self intersect. This case study explores the experiences of one individual with an ID who is involved with recreational dance and presents the ways that recreational dance impacts the sense of self of this individual. The results from this research reveal that recreational dance positively contributes to well-being. The experiences of this young dancer were addressed primarily in terms of his social connections, character strengths, and personal growth. In addition, dance has a positive impact on his sense of self as it enhances his self-confidence, provides him with positive feedback from others, and offers a context through which he can overcome barriers and challenge stigmatization. This case study provides insight on leisure-related concepts as well as offers implications to individuals with ID, integrated dance, and the therapeutic recreation profession

Workplace Dynamics: Exploring Views, Impressions, and Preferences of Colleagues with Diverse Backgrounds and Attributes

The general purpose of this study is to better understand stigmatized views of mental health conditions in the current social climate. In order to assess changes in current stigma levels, valid measurement tools are needed to make more accurate assessments. Many existing tools used to assess stigma levels present validity issues due to reporting bias, specifically social desirability bias. Researchers suggest that purposefully omitting diagnostic labeling helps to eliminate biased answers. In order to measure stigmatizing beliefs while minimizing the threat of social desirability, this study utilized an experimental design that compared mental health conditions with medical conditions. The Adjusted Attribution Questionnaire and Social Distance Scale were used to measure stigmatized beliefs toward each health conditions. Levels of familiarity and demographic characteristics were controlled for in analysis to determine potential mediating and moderating effects. Results indicate that familiarity had a significant effect on perceived attribution and preferred social distance for the mental health group. Gender also significantly affected outcomes on both stigma measures when considering mental health conditions. Ethnicity significantly affected both stigma measure outcomes for both the medical and mental health groups. Results may help contribute to current stigma reduction efforts by identifying research-based approaches to addressing stigma

Polymer or macrocycle? : cobalt complexes of ditopic 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine ligands with flexible spacers

The reaction of transition metal ions with ditopic ligands containing two 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine units linked by flexible spacers can give metallosupramolecular polymers, discrete metallomacrocycles or mixtures of the two. The outcome of the coordination depends on the precise reaction conditions as well as the nature of the spacer and the transition metal salt. This thesis is concerned with the reaction between cobalt(II) salts and bis(2,2':6',2"-terpyridine) ligands in which the metal-binding domains are linked by flexible oligo(ethylene glycol) spacers. An initial study of the ligands and several model mononuclear bis(2,2':6',2"-terpyridine)cobalt(II) and (III) complexes gave some insight into the solid state and solution properties of these systems, and PGSE NMR spectroscopy was found to be a useful tool for determination of the size of both the ligands and the cobalt(III) complexes in solution. The reaction of the ditopic ligands with cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate in pure alcohol was found to cause the decomposition of the ligand and the formation of a mononuclear bis(4'-alkoxy-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine)cobalt(II) complex. This reaction was extended to monotopic 4'-substituted-2,2':6',2"-terpyridines and can be considered as a reaction giving rise to polymer end-capping units, thus influencing the final outcome of the coordination. The effect of the anion on the coordination was considered further, and the speciation of mono- and bis(2,2':6',2"-terpyridine)cobalt(II) complexes in solution was investigated using the 4'-methoxy-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine ligand. The product mixtures were found to depend heavily on the anion, solvent and initial ratio of ligand to metal salt. Similar behaviour was observed for a model ditopic ligand. The presence of the mono(2,2':6',2"-terpyridine)cobalt(II) complexes within a system containing the ditopic ligands would also provide polymer end-capping units, influencing the speciation of these mixtures. Finally, a detailed study of the product mixtures obtained from the reactions of the ditopic ligands with cobalt(II) salts revealed a complex dependence of the speciation of many bis(2,2':6',2"-terpyridine)cobalt(II) complexes on the ligand, anion, solvent, concentration and other seemingly minor reaction parameters. Using the PGSE NMR spectroscopic technique, the sizes of some of the metallomacrocyclic species present in the equilibrium mixtures could be determined. These measurements were in excellent agreement with X-ray crystallographic data. Analysis of initial product mixtures using the same technique suggested that the initial kinetic products of the complexation are significantly larger species

Reaching New Heights: An Examination of Cognitive Dissonance and the Attitude Toward Height and Leadership

Cognitive dissonance is the theory that when someone holds two conflicting cognitions they will feel internal discomfort and will be motivated to reduce this discomfort. They reduce the discomfort by changing one of the cognitions, either by intensifying the original cognition or by diminishing the original cognition, making the new cognition the dominant cognition. The present experiment examines the role that cognitive dissonance plays in intensifying or diminishing prejudices within the attitude domain of the association between height and leadership. I attempted to induce dissonance by showing 20 Bard College students the discrepancy between their explicit and implicit attitudes about the connection of height and leadership. I measured the magnitude of dissonance produced after they viewed a discrepancy score, using skin conductance response equipment and a self-assessment of dissonance scale. Ten subjects then received an educational intervention describing fifteen world leaders whose heights were below average, which was predicted to diminish implicit prejudices. Subjects’ implicit attitudes were then measured again to determine if there had been a change in attitude. I expected that dissonance would be created when subjects viewed their discrepancy score and that the educational intervention would then further diminish implicit prejudices. The results showed that dissonance was created when subjects viewed their discrepancy score, but that the educational intervention did not significantly diminish the dissonance. The dissonance assessed by the selfassessment scale, however, was connected to the diminishment of implicit attitudes. These results show that cognitive dissonance can lead to the diminishment of implicit prejudices

Numerical Cognition in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Over the past few decades, researchers have firmly established that a wide range of nonhuman animals exhibit some form of numerical competence. The focus of this research was to define further the extent of numerical ability in rhesus monkeys, and specifically to determine whether the animals possess a symbolic understanding of Arabic numerals. This required examining the stimulus attributes (e.g., number vs. hedonic value) represented by the numerals, as well as the precision (e.g., absolute vs. relative) and generality of those representations. In chapters 2 and 3, monkeys were required to compare and order numerals and were rewarded with either proportional or probabilistic rewards. The results indicated that monkeys were relying on the ordinal or absolute numerical values associated with each numeral and not hedonic value or learned 2-choice discriminations. The studies in chapters 4 and 5 indicated that monkeys can use numerals to symbolize an approximate number of sequential motor responses. The study in Chapter 6 tested the generality of the monkeys’ symbolic number concept using transfer tests. The results indicated that some monkeys are able to abstract number across presentation mode, but this ability is only exhibited under limited conditions. Collectively, these studies provide evidence that rhesus monkeys view Arabic numerals as more than sign-stimuli associated with specific response-reward histories, but that numerals do not have the same precise symbolic meaning as they do for humans

Beginning the Journey: Disability Inclusion Pledge Survey Findings and Recommendations

The Disability & Philanthropy Forum is an emerging philanthropy-serving organization created by the Presidents' Council on Disability Inclusion in Philanthropy. Central to the Forum's mission is expanding philanthropic commitment to disability rights and justice by centering the leadership of the disability community.To help funders and philanthropy-serving organizations as they engage in their disability inclusion journeys, the Forum created the Disability Inclusion Pledge. The Pledge identifies concrete ways for funders and others in the sector to actively shift away from policies and practices that perpetuate ableism — the systemic stigmatization of and discrimination against people with disabilities — and uplift disability as an essential component of advancing equity.Beginning the Journey: Disability Inclusion Pledge Survey Findings and Recommendations provides a baseline measurement of how current practices and plans of responding Pledge signatories align with each of the eight action agendas included in the Pledge

Master of Arts

thesisIn Francis Alÿs's two-channel video Re-enactments, the artist is filmed as he walks through the streets of downtown Mexico City with a loaded gun in his hand until he is arrested. Managing to avoid charges, Alÿs repeats the same series of events, replicating the performance based on the footage captured by his collaborator, artist Rafael Ortega. "Real" and "Re-enactment," the two videos that comprise Re-enactments, juxtapose the footage of these two performances, taking two divergent approaches to filming the event. In Re-enactments, the performance and the documentation are thoroughly interwoven and mutually dependent; the footage of the initial performance shapes its recreation, which likewise produces another video. In this thesis, I consider Re-enactments both as a live performance that is responsive to and contingent on its setting in Mexico City's downtown, or Centro, and as a video performance that carefully constructs the scene for the viewer. I argue that this work challenges the conventional relationship between performance and its documentation with video by embedding the documentation into the structure of the work. While the current scholarship on this work disregards its documentation as a formative element in the work, I show how the video documents in Re-enactments do not merely refer back to the live performance, but rather act as a crucial counterpart to it. Additionally, by situating Re-enactments in the context of Mexico City at the turn of the twentieth century, I show how this work responds to its environment as well to widely circulated media representations about the city. In rehearsing an act of crime that is then circulated internationally, Re-enactments both generates and critically responds to stereotypes of Mexico City as a center of violence and corruption. While Re-enactments draws on clichés of violence in Mexico City, the videos also attest to how such images are constructed, deliberately highlighting the ways in which the footage has been manipulated. Rather than acting as records of the events of the performance, the videos that comprise Re-enactments demonstrate the performative qualities of documentation

Introduction

Introduction to volume 6 of Macalester College\u27s journal Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities