Contributions to workload of rotational optical transformations

An investigation of visuomotor adaptation to optical rotation and optical inversion was conducted. Experiment 1 examined the visuomotor adaptability of subjects to an optically rotating visual world with a univariate repeated measures design. Experiment 1A tested one major prediction of a model of adaptation put forth by Welch who predicted that the aversive drive state that triggers adaptation would be habituated to fairly rapidly. Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate the role of motor activity in adaptation to optical rotation. Specifically, this experiment contrasted the reafference hypothesis and the proprioceptive change hypothesis. Experiment 3 examined the role of cognition, error-corrective feedback, and proprioceptive and/or reafferent feedback in visuomotor adaptation to optical inversion. Implications for research and implications for practice were suggested for all experiments

Intrinsic dissipation in high-frequency micromechanical resonators

We report measurements of intrinsic dissipation in micron-sized suspended resonators machined from single crystals of galium arsenide and silicon. In these experiments on high-frequency micromechanical resonators, designed to understand intrinsic mechanisms of dissipation, we explore dependence of dissipation on temperature, magnetic field, frequency, and size. In contrast to most of the previous measurements of acoustic attenuation in crystalline and amorphous structures in this frequency range, ours is a resonant measurement; dissipation is measured at the natural frequencies of structural resonance, or modes of the structure associated with flexural and torsional motion. In all our samples we find a weakly temperature dependent dissipation at low temperatures. We compare and contrast our data to various probable mechanisms, including thermoelasticity, clamping, anharmonic mode-coupling, surface anisotropy and defect motion, both in bulk and on surface. The observed parametric dependencies indicate that the internal defect motion is the dominant mechanism of intrinsic dissipation in our samples

Dynamics of Surface Roughening with Quenched Disorder

We study the dynamical exponent $z$ for the directed percolation depinning (DPD) class of models for surface roughening in the presence of quenched disorder. We argue that $z$ for $(d+1)$ dimensions is equal to the exponent $d_{\rm min}$ characterizing the shortest path between two sites in an isotropic percolation cluster in $d$ dimensions. To test the argument, we perform simulations and calculate $z$ for DPD, and $d_{\rm min}$ for percolation, from $d = 1$ to $d = 6$.Comment: RevTex manuscript 3 pages + 6 figures (obtained upon request via email [email protected]

Evaluating the potential for the continuous processing of pharmaceutical products-a supply network perspective

This paper presents an approach to evaluating the potential supply chain benefits of adopting continuous processing technologies for a diverse set of pharmaceutical products. The approach integrates upstream ‘continuous’ processing considerations for the production of active ingredients and final product formulation, with the downstream implications for packing and distribution. Currently, these upstream and downstream operations largely operate as decoupled operations with independent coordination and governance mechanisms, and the approach presented in this paper identifies opportunities for more case-specific integrated end-to-end supply chains enabled by continuous flow technologies. Three specific product (and corresponding processing technology) case studies are used to demonstrate the utility of the approach in assessing the supply network and system integration opportunities that emerge from the continuous processing of pharmaceutical products.We would like to acknowledge the support from the UK’s EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation, and the Advanced Manufacturing Supply Chain Initiative (AMSCI) programme Remedies Project.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2015.07.01

Determination of climatologically suitable places in the Midwest for feedlot cattle production by using the comprehensive climate index model

Citation: Koknaroglu, H., Harrington, J. A., & Mader, T. L. (2016). Determination of climatologically suitable places in the Midwest for feedlot cattle production by using the comprehensive climate index model. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 28-29. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-062The objective of this study was to determine climatologically suitable places to raise feedlot cattle in the Midwest. Hourly average temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed values for 22 locations (Des Moines, Mason City, Sioux City, Waterloo, Concordia, Dodge City, Goodland, Russell, Topeka, Wichita, Columbia, Kansas City, KCI, Springfield, St. Louis, Grand Island, Lincoln, Norfolk, North Platte, Omaha, Scottsbluff, and Valentine), spanning the last 10 yr, were obtained. Daily solar radiation values could not be obtained from the weather stations and were calculated based on a formula that takes hemisphere, latitude, and day of the year into account. The comprehensive climate index (CCI) model was used to predict DMI, ADG, and feed efficiency of feedlot cattle. The CCI enables one to quantify beef cattle performance for a number of breeds based on environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation) at any time in the year. Because mostly beef cattle breed calves are placed into the feedlot in the Midwest, the British (beef breed) option in CCI was chosen to calculate the maintenance energy requirement of cattle. It was assumed that calves would be placed on feed at 340 kg and be marketed at 613 kg and that diets would have 3200 kcal/kg metabolic energy and would have DMI of 2.10% of the BW. Results comparing the 22 locations showed that Mason City had the highest and Columbia had the lowest DMI (P < 0.05). Cattle raised in Kansas and Missouri had lower DMI than those raised in Iowa and Nebraska. Cattle had ADG ranging from 1.74 to 1.69 kg/d; Scottsbluff and Goodland had the highest ADG and Columbia had the lowest ADG (P < 0.05). As it is observed in DMI, cattle raised in south latitudes had lower ADG than those raised in northern latitudes. Springfield and Wichita had better feed efficiency than other locations, and Mason City had the worst feed efficiency. Cattle raised in Kansas and Missouri had better feed efficiency than those raised in Iowa and Nebraska (P < 0.05). Results showed that there are differences in terms of performance of cattle raised in different locations in the Midwest and this should be taken into consideration for economical beef production

Cultural energy analyses of climatologically suitable places in Turkey for feedlot cattle production determined by using the comprehensive climate index model

Citation: Koknaroglu, H., Harrington, J. A., & Mader, T. L. (2016). Cultural energy analyses of climatologically suitable places in Turkey for feedlot cattle production determined by using the comprehensive climate index model. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 26-26. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-057The objective of this study was to conduct cultural energy analyses on feedlot cattle production in Turkey. The comprehensive climate index (CCI) model was used to predict DMI, ADG, and feed efficiency of feedlot cattle in 15 locations in Turkey. The CCI enables one to quantify beef cattle performance for a number of breeds based on environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation) at any time in the year. Because mostly dairy breed calves are placed into the feedlot in Turkey, the Holstein (dairy breed) option in the CCI was chosen to calculate the maintenance energy requirement. Based on previous feedlot feeding studies conducted in Turkey, it was assumed that calves would be placed on feed at 250 kg and be marketed at 520 kg and that the diet would have 2600 kcal/kg metabolic energy and would have DMI of 2.31% of the BW. It was assumed that cattle would receive 2 kg/d straw and that the concentrate mixture would consist of 52.65% barley, 26% corn, 19% cotton seed meal, 1.5% limestone, 0.25% vitamins, 0.5% salt, and 0.1% minerals. Cultural energy inputs were calculated by multiplying the amount of inputs and their corresponding cultural energy based on values from existing literature. Cultural energy used for feed was derived from DMI of cattle and corresponding values for each feed ingredient. Transportation energy was also included in the analysis, including costs for shipping calves from animal market to the farm, shipping yearlings to slaughterhouse, and shipping feed ingredients to the farm. Cultural energy expended for feed made up more than half of the total cultural energy and differed among cities (P < 0.05). Cultural energy for feed was highest for the coldest places and lowest for hot locations. Cultural energy of transportation constituted the second highest cultural energy expenditure. Cultural energy expended per kilogram live weight gain (defined as total cultural energy expended divided by kg live weight gain) was highest for the coldest location and lowest for relatively hotter cities (P < 0.05). Cultural energy use efficiency (defined by kcal input/kcal output) followed the feed efficiency ranking with cattle having better feed efficiency also have better cultural energy use efficiency. Results showed that cattle having higher ADG did not mean that they would also have better cultural energy use efficiency

The new HiVIS spectropolarimeter and spectropolarimetric calibration of the AEOS telescope

We designed, built, and calibrated a new spectropolarimeter for the HiVIS spectrograph (R 12000-49000) on the AEOS telescope. We also did a polarization calibration of the telescope and instrument. We will introduce the design and use of the spectropolarimeter as well as a new data reduction package we have developed, then discuss the polarization calibration of the spectropolarimeter and the AEOS telescope. We used observations of unpolarized standard stars at many pointings to measure the telescope induced polarization and compare it with a Zemax model. The telescope induces polarization of 1-6% with a strong variation with wavelength and pointing, consistent with the altitude and azimuth variation expected. We then used scattered sunlight as a linearly polarized source to measure the telescopes spectropolarimetric response to linearly polarized light. We then made an all-sky map of the telescope's polarization response to calibrate future spectropolarimetry.Comment: PASP 118, June 200