435 research outputs found

    Fragen und Anregungen zur Bewertung bester Böden (Höchstleistungsstandorte)

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    Die zentrale Aufgabe der Bodenschätzung ist "die Feststellung der Ertragsfähigkeit auf Grundlage der natürlichen Ertragsbedingungen". Die Bodenbewertung mit Hilfe des Schätzungsrahmens hat sich im Großen und Ganzen bewährt. Für die Vertrauensbildung waren Berichte über die Korrelation von Ernteerträgen mit den Wertzahlen der Bodenschätzung hilfreich. Zur Qualitätssicherung sind entsprechende Untersuchungen auch unter den ak tuellen Bedingungen wünschenswert. Zu den Höchstleistungsstandorten zählen heute neben den am höchsten bewerteten Schwarzerden auch andere tiefgründige Böden mit günstigem Wasserhaushalt. Besonders hervorgehoben werden unter den grundwasserfernen Standorten erodierte Parabraunerden aus tiefgründigem Löß, die aufgrund ihrer sehr hohen nFK im Wurzelraum eine sehr hohe Ertragsfähigkeit aufweisen und zugleich über günstige Gefügestabilitätsmerkmale verfügen

    Bromelain protease F9 reduces the CD44 mediated adhesion of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells

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    AbstractThe thiol protease bromelain has been shown to remove T-cell CD44 molecules from lymphocytes and to affect T-cell activation. We investigated the effect of a highly purified bromelain protease F9 (F9) on the adhesion of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Preincubation of the lymphocytes with F9 reduced the adherence to about 20% of unstimulated and to about 30% of phorboldibutyrate (P(Bu)2) stimulated lymphocytes. Using flow cytometry, both crude bromelain and protease F9 reduced the expression of CD44, but not of LFA-1, on PBL. F9 was about 10 times more active than crude bromelain; at 2.5 μg/ml of F9 about 97% inhibition of CD44 expression was found. A mAb against CD44 was tested and found to block the F9-induced decrease in PBL-binding to HUVEC. The results indicate that F9 selectively decreases the CD44 mediated binding of PBL to HUVEC

    A luminosity monitor for the A4 parity violation experiment at MAMI

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    A water Cherenkov luminosity monitor system with associated electronics has been developed for the A4 parity violation experiment at MAMI. The detector system measures the luminosity of the hydrogen target hit by the MAMI electron beam and monitors the stability of the liquid hydrogen target. Both is required for the precise study of the count rate asymmetries in the scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons on unpolarized protons. Any helicity correlated fluctuation of the target density leads to false asymmetries. The performance of the luminosity monitor, investigated in about 2000 hours with electron beam, and the results of its application in the A4 experiment are presented.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, submitted to NIM

    3D Reconstruction for Partial Data Electrical Impedance Tomography Using a Sparsity Prior

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    In electrical impedance tomography the electrical conductivity inside a physical body is computed from electro-static boundary measurements. The focus of this paper is to extend recent result for the 2D problem to 3D. Prior information about the sparsity and spatial distribution of the conductivity is used to improve reconstructions for the partial data problem with Cauchy data measured only on a subset of the boundary. A sparsity prior is enforced using the 1\ell_1 norm in the penalty term of a Tikhonov functional, and spatial prior information is incorporated by applying a spatially distributed regularization parameter. The optimization problem is solved numerically using a generalized conditional gradient method with soft thresholding. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the suggested method even for the partial data problem with measurements affected by noise.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1405.655

    Measurement of the Transverse Beam Spin Asymmetry in Elastic Electron Proton Scattering and the Inelastic Contribution to the Imaginary Part of the Two-Photon Exchange Amplitude

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    We report on a measurement of the asymmetry in the scattering of transversely polarized electrons off unpolarized protons, A_\perp, at two Q2^2 values of \qsquaredaveragedlow (GeV/c)2^2 and \qsquaredaveragedhighII (GeV/c)2^2 and a scattering angle of 30<θe<4030^\circ < \theta_e < 40^\circ. The measured transverse asymmetries are A_{\perp}(Q2^2 = \qsquaredaveragedlow (GeV/c)2^2) = (\experimentalasymmetry alulowcorr ±\pm \statisticalerrorlowstat_{\rm stat} ±\pm \combinedsyspolerrorlowalucorsys_{\rm sys}) ×\times 106^{-6} and A_{\perp}(Q2^2 = \qsquaredaveragedhighII (GeV/c)2^2) = (\experimentalasymme tryaluhighcorr ±\pm \statisticalerrorhighstat_{\rm stat} ±\pm \combinedsyspolerrorhighalucorsys_{\rm sys}) ×\times 106^{-6}. The first errors denotes the statistical error and the second the systematic uncertainties. A_\perp arises from the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude and is zero in the one-photon exchange approximation. From comparison with theoretical estimates of A_\perp we conclude that π\piN-intermediate states give a substantial contribution to the imaginary part of the two-photon amplitude. The contribution from the ground state proton to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange can be neglected. There is no obvious reason why this should be different for the real part of the two-photon amplitude, which enters into the radiative corrections for the Rosenbluth separation measurements of the electric form factor of the proton.Comment: 4 figures, submitted to PRL on Oct.

    Evidence for Strange Quark Contributions to the Nucleon's Form Factors at Q2Q^2 = 0.108 (GeV/c)2^2

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    We report on a measurement of the parity violating asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons off unpolarized protons with the A4 apparatus at MAMI in Mainz at a four momentum transfer value of Q2Q^2 = \Qsquare (GeV/c)2^2 and at a forward electron scattering angle of 30<θe<40^\circ < \theta_e < 40^\circ. The measured asymmetry is ALR(ep)A_{LR}(\vec{e}p) = (\Aphys ±\pm \Deltastatstat_{stat} ±\pm \Deltasystsyst_{syst}) ×\times 106^{-6}. The expectation from the Standard Model assuming no strangeness contribution to the vector current is A0_0 = (\Azero ±\pm \DeltaAzero) ×\times 106^{-6}. We have improved the statistical accuracy by a factor of 3 as compared to our previous measurements at a higher Q2Q^2. We have extracted the strangeness contribution to the electromagnetic form factors from our data to be GEsG_E^s + \FakGMs GMsG_M^s = \GEsGMs ±\pm \DeltaGEsGMs at Q2Q^2 = \Qsquare (GeV/c)2^2. As in our previous measurement at higher momentum transfer for GEsG_E^s + 0.230 GMsG_M^s, we again find the value for GEsG_E^s + \FakGMs GMsG_M^s to be positive, this time at an improved significance level of 2 σ\sigma.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

    Cold hardening protects cereals from oxidative stress and necrotrophic fungal pathogenesis

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    The effects of cold hardening of cereals on their cross-tolerance to treatments leading to oxidative stress were investigated. Long-term exposure to low non-freezing temperatures provided partial protection to wheat and barley plants from the damage caused by paraquat and hydrogen peroxide treatments. It also conferred resistance in two barley cultivars to the necrotic symptoms and growth of the fungal phytopathogen Pyrenophora teres f. teres . Pathogen-induced oxidative burst was also reduced in cold hardened plants. The possible roles of host-derived redox factors and other signaling components in the observed forms of cereal cross-tolerance are discussed

    First measurement of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integral for Hydrogen from 200 to 800 MeV

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    A direct measurement of the helicity dependence of the total photoabsorption cross section on the proton was carried out at MAMI (Mainz) in the energy range 200 < E_gamma < 800 MeV. The experiment used a 4π\pi detection system, a circularly polarized tagged photon beam and a frozen spin target. The contributions to the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule and to the forward spin polarizability γ0\gamma_0 determined from the data are 226 \pm 5 (stat)\pm 12(sys) \mu b and -187 \pm 8 (stat)\pm 10(sys)10^{-6} fm^4, respectively, for 200 < E_\gamma < 800 MeV.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 3 table
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