An Examination of Chimpanzee Use in Human Cancer Research

Advocates of chimpanzee research claim the genetic similarity of humans and chimpanzees make them an indispensable research tool to combat human diseases. Given that cancer is a leading cause of human death worldwide, one might expect that if chimpanzees were needed for, or were productive in, cancer research, then they would have been widely used. This comprehensive literature analysis reveals that chimpanzees have scarcely been used in any form of cancer research, and that chimpanzee tumours are extremely rare and biologically different from human cancers. Often, chimpanzee citations described peripheral use of chimpanzee cells and genetic material in predominantly human genomic studies. Papers describing potential new cancer therapies noted significant concerns regarding the chimpanzee model. Other studies described interventions that have not been pursued clinically. Finally, available evidence indicates that chimpanzees are not essential in the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. It would therefore be unscientific to claim that chimpanzees are vital to cancer research. On the contrary, it is reasonable to conclude that cancer research would not suffer, if the use of chimpanzees for this purpose were prohibited in the US. Genetic differences between humans and chimpanzees, make them an unsuitable model for cancer, as well as other human diseases

Vollstaendige in vitro Produktion monoklonaler Antikoerper humanen Ursprungs Abschlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(49,7) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Net-zero CO2 Germany: a retrospect from the year 2050

Germany 2050: For the first time Germany reached a balance between its sources of anthropogenic CO2 to the atmosphere and newly created anthropogenic sinks. This backcasting study presents a fictional future in which this goal was achieved by avoiding (similar to 645 Mt CO2), reducing (similar to 50 Mt CO2) and removing (similar to 60 Mt CO2) carbon emissions. This meant substantial transformation of the energy system, increasing energy efficiency, sector coupling, and electrification, energy storage solutions including synthetic energy carriers, sector-specific solutions for industry, transport, and agriculture, as well as natural-sink enhancement and technological carbon dioxide options. All of the above was necessary to achieve a net-zero CO2 system for Germany by 2050.Plain Language Summary Here a net-zero-2050 Germany is envisioned by combining analysis from an energy-system model with insights into approaches that allow for a higher carbon circularity in the German system, and first results from assessments of national carbon dioxide removal potentials. A back-casting perspective is applied on how net-zero Germany could look like in 2050. We are looking back from 2050, and analyzing how Germany for the first time reached a balance between its sources of CO2 to the atmosphere and the anthropogenic sinks created. This would consider full decarbonization in the entire energy sector and being entirely emission-free by 2050 within three priorities identified as being the most useful strategies for achieving net-zero: (a) Avoiding- (b) Reducing- (c) Removing emissions. This work is a collaboration of interdisciplinary scientists with the Net-Zero-2050 cluster of the Helmholtz Climate Initiative HI-CAM.Industrial Ecolog

Netto-Null-2050 Wegweiser - Strategische Handlungsempfehlungen und mögliche Wege für ein CO2-neutrales Deutschland bis 2050

Spätestens seit dem Pariser Klimaabkommen (UNFCCC, 2015) im Jahr 2015 ist Klimaschutz in aller Munde. Die aktuellen Erkenntnisse des Band 1 des 6. IPCC-Sachstandsberichts (IPCC, 2021) unterstreichen diese Notwendigkeit: Der Klimawandel ist menschengemacht. Schnelle CO2-Minderung ist notwendiger denn je. Von der lokalen über die EU bis zur globalen Ebene soll bis 2050 – oder sogar schon früher – die Null unterm Strich sein: Alle Emissionen von Kohlendioxid – und auch anderen Treibhausgasen – sind dann so weit wie nur möglich reduziert und die CO2-Konzentration in der Atmosphäre steigt nicht mehr an. Eines ist jedoch Fakt: Auf dem Weg dahin werden sich nicht alle CO2-Emissionen vermeiden lassen und auch am Ende bleiben CO2-Emissionen übrig. Wie reduzieren wir also CO2 und was machen wir mit dem „Rest“, um auf Null zu kommen? Genau darauf gibt dieser Bericht Antworten