Kekuatan Hukum Surat Keterangan Ahli Waris Bagi Anak Luar Kawin dari Pernikahan Tidak Tercatat

Based on the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 46/PUU-VIII/ 2010, a child born from an unregistered marriage may have a civil relationship with his biological father, so as to remain inherited, and to obtain legal certainty as an heir the name of the uregistered marrieage born child should mentioned as the heir. This fact is interesting to be examined and it aims to obtain answers of the legal strength of the heirs’ certificate of unrecorded marriage. This research type is juridical normative with legislation approach through the descriptive-qualitative method. The results of the study indicate that in order to obtain legal certainty, it is supposedly that the certificate of inheritance contains the name of the unrecorded marriage born child. But, this is can’t be done, because there is no legislation determines that the child’s name from unregistered marriage could be contained in the letter. So, with no legislation, the certificate of inheritance containing the name of the unregistered marriage child has no legal power, and therefore it is recommended that the government immediately make a regulation concerning the inheritance certificate for the child from unregistered marriage, so it could be clear and fixed

SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF COPPER PROTEINATE AND MANGANESE PROTEINATE FROM REACTION OF COPPER SULFATE AND MANGANESE SULFATE WITH PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM FISH WASTE

Objective: Copper and manganese are essential minerals needed for various biological processes in small amounts. However, essential mineralsare poorly absorbed in the form of salts or free form, leading to their low bioavailability. Forming complexes of essential minerals with protein canincrease their bioavailability. Metal proteinate complexes are non-polar, thereby reducing their excretion from the body. Fish waste is quite abundantin Indonesia, and therefore, we used fish waste to synthesize metal-proteinate complexes.Methods: Protein was extracted from fish waste using pancreatin. The extracted protein was mixed with copper or manganese in various ratios. Themetal content in the complexes was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry; ion exchange chromatography was used for separating thecomplexes from free unbound metals.Results: The optimum condition which yielded the highest protein content was the ratio of pancreatin enzyme to fish waste powder of 2:100. Theoptimum concentration of pancreatin was found to be 2% of the substrate. The yield of copper-proteinate complexes ranged from 97.87% to 98.55%,whereas the yield of manganese proteinate ranged from 97.05% to 98.36%. The free metal content was only found in the manganese proteinatecomplex in the 1.2:1 ratio, which was determined to be 0.0198 mg/g.Conclusion: We demonstrated that copper and manganese can react with proteins extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis of fish waste

DETERMINATION OF LEVELS OF GLUCOSAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND CHONDROITIN SULFATE IN MIXTURES IN TABLET AND CREAM FORMS USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE

Objective: Glucosamine hydrochloride (HCl) and chondroitin sulfate are glycosaminoglycan compounds and major structural components of bonesin the form of proteoglycans. These compounds maintain bone structure by stimulating the synthesis of synovial fluid and inhibiting the degradationof joint cartilage, and they can be used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to identify a selective analytical method fordetermining glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate levels in tablet and cream forms.Methods: After derivatization using ortho-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol, the samples were analyzed using high-performance liquidchromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector at an excitation wavelength of 335 nm and an emission wavelength of 445 nm. Deacetylationusing sodium hydroxide was required to break the acetyl group bond. The mobile phase used tetrahydrofuran 0.25% in water-acetonitrile (87:13)with a flow rate of 1.5 ml/minute.Results: The average levels of glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate were 92.76% and 96.11% in tablets and 101.15% and 100.33% in creams,which fulfilled the acceptance criteria.Conclusions: Our validation method for glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate met the acceptance criteria of accuracy, precision, selectivity, andlinearity

EFFECT OF TRANSFERSOME ON THE STABILITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GLUTATHIONE IN ANTIAGING CREAMS

Objective: Glutathione is an important antioxidant compound that is added to various cosmetic preparations. This study compared the stability,antioxidant activity, and penetration of glutathione creams formulated with and without transfersome, a commonly used carrier system.Methods: The particle size of the transfersome was 55.65 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.398 and an entrapment efficiency of 66.22%. Duringcycling and centrifugal testing, the creams (with and without transfersome) did not change color or demonstrate phase separation. Chemical stabilityanalyses of the products were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results: The remaining glutathione content in the transfersome cream was 83.44%, while that of the non-transfersome cream was 47.92%. In thepenetration test using Franz diffusion cells, the transfersome cream demonstrated a cumulative penetration of 4474.44 μg/cm2, with a cumulativeconcentration percentage of 39.60% and a flux of 510.38 μg/cm−2h−1. In contrast, the non-transfersome cream demonstrated a cumulative penetrationamount of 2793.80 μg/cm2, with a cumulative concentration percentage of 24.73% and a flux of 340.12 μg/cm−2h−1. In addition, the IC50 value of thetransfersome cream preparation was 11.89 μg/mL, while that of the non-transfersome preparation was 15.57 μg/mL.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the use of transfersome increases the stability and penetration of glutathione in cream preparations

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE AND METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS USING MATRIX SOLID-PHASE DISPERSION COUPLED TO GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY

Objective: This study was to develop the first simultaneous method for quantification of MI and MCI by using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) as an extraction technique followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in cosmetic products to support that law enforcement. Methods: The MI and MCI were extracted from the cosmetic sample by using matrix solid-phase dispersion technique with alumina as solid sorbent and ethyl acetate as eluent. After being isolated, MI and MCI from the samples were analyzed using GC-MS equipped with DB-5MS capillary column. Results: The validated method for both leave-on and rinse-off cosmetic showed that MI and MCI recoveries were between 97.87-103.15 %, relative standard deviation (RSD) values were lower than 11%, and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values for the leave-on product were 0.96 µg/ml and 1.95 µg/ml and for rinse-off products were 0.56 µg/ml and 1.49 µg/ml for MI and MCI, respectively. Conclusion: This purposed analytical method for determining MI and MCI in cosmetic products using MSPD-GC-MS complies with the validation acceptance criteria

ANALYSIS OF LYNESTRENOL IN HUMAN PLASMA IN VITRO BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY UV-VIS: EUROPEAN MEDICINES AGENCY GUIDELINE

Objective: Development and validation of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with UV-Vis detector for in vitro determination of lynestrenol with levonorgestrel as an internal standard in human plasma. Methods: The RP-HPLC method was developed using a C18 Sunfire© waters column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid in water (60:40), respectively, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and was detected at a wavelength of 204 nm. Lynestrenol and levonorgestrel were extracted from human plasma using pentane with protein precipitation method. Results: The RP-HPLC method was able to selectively quantify lynestrenol in blood plasma on 40 ng/ml. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range 40-1000 ng/ml for lynestrenol with retention time 4.0 second, and the coefficient correlation (r) was 0.9994. Accuracy (% diff) of this method was-10.81% to 8.72% with precision (CV) being 3.84% to 8.12%, and complete recovery was established to be 98.27% to 106.49%. The method was sensitive, selective, and has simple sample preparation extraction lynestrenol in plasma with pentane was successfully developed. Conclusion: The method can be used to analyze lynestrenol in blood plasma, with a simple pretreatment procedure using pentane

IMPROVING TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE BY OLIVE OIL AND DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE (DMSO) AS PENETRATION ENHANCERS: IN VITRO PENETRATION STUDY

Objective: Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) using a transdermal drug delivery system for contraception by passive diffusion is limited by the skin barrier properties. Penetration enhancers such as olive oil (fatty acid permeation enhancer) and DMSO (chemical enhancer) can be used. The objective of this study was to overcome MPA penetration problem by using olive oil and DMSO. Methods: An in vitro penetration study using the Franz diffusion cells was performed. The first penetration study used MPA in olive oil (O) and MPA in coconut oil (C) with the concentration 100 μg/ml to each sample and MPA suspension as a control with the same concentration. The second study used MPA in olive oil with the concentration 200.0 μg/ml (A), MPA in olive oil with 0.5% DMSO with the concentration 200.0 μg/ml (B), and MPA in olive oil with 1% DMSO with the concentration 200 μg/ml (C). Results: MPA penetration test for olive oil+0.5% DMSO had flux value 4.24±0.074 μg/cm2. hr and it was not significantly different (t-test, P>0.05) with olive oil+1% DMSO. While the MPA penetration test in only Olive oil had flux value 0.90±0.0087 μg/cm2. hr. Conclusion: This research concluded that olive oil and 0.5% DMSO could improve the penetration of MPA into skin membrane by 4.5 times more than olive oil alone

IN VITRO STUDY OF A TRANSFERSOMAL GEL PREPARATION CONTAINING LYNESTRENOL AS A TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Objective: Lynestrenol, a progestin hormone derivative, can suppress the productions of endogenous estrogen and progesterone hormones (ovaries)to prevent ovulation. In this study, lynestrenol was included in various transfersomal gel preparations for its transdermal delivery into fat (F)-andnon-fat (NF)-containing skin tissues.Methods: Lynestrenol transfersome vesicles were prepared by encapsulating the drug in varied concentrations of phosphatidylcholine and Tween80 using lipid film hydration method. Transfersomes were produced in the form of gel preparations at a dose of 0.15 mg/week and evaluated fortheir particle size, percentage of entrapment efficiency, and particle polydispersity. We performed in vitro evaluations of the formulation variants F0(lynestrenol gel control) and F1 and F2 (lynestrenol transfersome gels) with variations in their phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80 content. We thenperformed an in vitro evaluation using the Franz diffusion cell (FDC) method for 12 h using all three formulations on F and NF-containing rat skin.Results: The FDC results demonstrated that lynestrenol was deposited into fat tissue and increased concentrations of Tween 80 (edge activator)increased lynestrenol delivery into this tissue. In addition, the percentages of drug penetration from NF rat skin treated with F0, F1, and F2 gels were19.56%, 20.13%, and 20.56%, respectively, and those from F rat skin were 17.16%, 17.38%, and 17.50%, respectively.Conclusion: In vitro evaluation using the FDC method indicates that transdermal drug delivery through to fat tissues using transfersomes is apromising method for lynestrenol delivery